US1139601A - Superheater. - Google Patents

Description

P. THOMSEN.

SUPERHEATER. APPLICATION mgm oc. 12,1914.

Patenfd May18,1915.

WWA/5885s Y TTNTTED TATE@ PATENT @FETCH PETER THOMSEN, O3? CASSEL-WIL-HELMSHHE, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO SCHlVIIDTSCI-IE HEISSDAMPF-GESELLSCHAFT Mf B. H., 0F CASS L-W'ILHELMSHHE, v(rliEt-LVIANY,

CORPORATION OF GER-MANY.

SUPERHEATER.

Patented May 18., 1915.

Application led October 17, 1914. Serial No. 867,092. p

T0 all 107mm it may concern Be it known that lI, PETER THoMsEN, a

subject of the King of Prussia, Emperor of j Germany, and residing at Cassel-l/Vllhelmshhe, Germany, have invented certain new and useful VImprovements in Superheaters, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to superheaters especially applicable to fire tube boilers, having saturated steam headers situated above the fire-tubes, and superheated steam headers laterally disposed with respect thereto, and is more particularly applicable to locomotives. In known constructions of superheaters in which the distributing and collecting headers of the super-heater are arranged in the smoke boX above the fire tubes, steam pipes of lcomparatively large diameter lead from the collecting headers to the engine cylinders. Owing to the difference in expansion of these steam pipes and the boiler walls great stresses are introduced at the junction of the steam pipes with one another, and with the distributing and collecting headers,y and also at the junctionof the headers and the boilers walls, so that leakage through failure of the joints is liable to take place at these points. Subsequent re-jointings at such points are generally difficult to accomplish owing to the obstructions in the s moke box. Further, as the headers are subjected both to the temperatures of saturated `and superheated steam'the unequal expansions resulting therefrom cause the materlal of which the headers are composed to be unduly strained. In known constructions of y superheaters having satura-ted and superheated steam headers, situated laterally with respect to the fire tubes, the same disadvantages are generally presente.

The object of my present invention is to render the interior of the smoke boX more accessible than has hitherto been the case, and to construct a superheater in Asuch a manner as to obviate the disadvantages arising from the differential expansion of the parts of the. superheater and of the boiler which come in contact with super heated steam, saturated steam, and water respectively, the arrangement being such that the several superheater elements or rows of elements are easilyaccessible.

' According to the present invention the saturated steam distributing header is arranged above the fire tubes, while on each side thereof a superheated steam collecting header is disposed. The superheater elements are arranged in vertical rows so that the ends of the rows of elements nearest to the superheated steam headers open into them at approximately the level of the lowest tire tubes provided with super-heater ytubes, while the 'ends of the rows of elements situated more remote open into the headers at lower levels, the arrangement being such that, Viewed from the smoke box door, no single row of elements is obscured by another row. Each row of elements is, 1n the present construction entirely independent of the other rows, which is of great importance in erecting and also when it becomes necessary to replace damaged elements. This feature is of considerable practical importance, as in'superhe-aters in which the saturated steam header is arranged above and the super-heated steam headers are arranged at both sides of the fire box the ends of the superheater elements cross one another, and the removal of some of the elements necessitates the withdrawal of the elements which are situated in front of them.

A further advantage arising from the use of my invention resides in the fact that the junction of the superheater tubes and the headers is visible and easily accessible, while the risk of leakage at such junctions is reduced toa minimum, owing to the elasticity of the superheater elements arising fromA the length of bends .with which' they are provided. In superheaters constructed according to my invention, it can be easily attained that the saturated steam distributing header as well as the superheated steam' collecting header or headers are situated substantially outside the smoke boX. For instance, by utilizing the front tube plate of the boiler the saturated steam header may be accommodated in the steam space of the boiler, and the superheated steam header or headers may be accommodated in suitable apertures in the smoke box wallso that they are situated wholly or partly outside the smoke box.

In this arrangement junctions of large and rigid pipes are entirely obviated in the smoke boX.

Referring now to the accompanying draw ings which illustrate my invention: Figure longitudinal section'on the line 2 2 of Fig.

1,; Figs. 3 and fl are corresponding views of a modification.

In carrying the invention into .effect ac,-

coi-ding to one form, a header c is arranged in the smoke box ft, horizontally above the fire tubes and in front of the-tube plate b, the header being adapted to receive saturated steam from the boiler. e in which the superheater elements d are disposed are arranged in seven vertical rows, each of which contains .three tire tubes.- In the lower half of the smoke box two superheated. steam collectingrheaders f are arranged, in which the superheated steam coming from the superheater elements is collected, and from which it is conveyed to the cylinders of the engine. The collecting headers are arranged vertically and their lower halves which project through the smoke box are provided with'tlanges, g, to

which the steam pipes leading to the engine cylinders are connected. The collecting headers are also provided with flanges to which a pipe interconnecting the headers may be bolted. By means of `this interconnection the steam of the entire superheater system is led to each cylinder, and the area of the steam superheating surface may be made relatively small.

The ends of` the superheater elements d projecting from the fire tubes e are bent toward the steam headers in such a manner that the ends of each vertical row of elements receiving saturated steam are situated in a vertical plane.' The ends of the elements receiving'the saturated steam openv A into an intermediate steam chest 7c which is itself detachably connected to the saturated steam header. The ends of the elements which lead the superheated steam to the superheated steam headers are arranged in a horizontal plane, and are expanded into a common flange j by means ot" which they are attached tothe superheate'd steam header.

The ends of those vertical rows of elements conveying superheated steam which are situated nearest the superheated steam headers are situated approximately on a level with the lowest fire tubes, while simi.

lar ends of those rows of elements which are situated more .remote are arranged in succession at lower levels. In this arrangement each single vertical row-of elements can be withdrawn separately Without affecting the others, While the fire tubes, vthe superheater elements andu the joints of both `are easily accessible. Further, the superheater elements. have great elasticity owing to 'the The irev tubes length of bends with which they are proy vided. The arrangement is suchthat it is not possible for Water pockets to be formed in the superheater elements.

The example o f my invention shown in Figs. 3 and 4 differs from that above described in that the header receiving the l saturated steam, instead of being situated in the smoke box, is arranged in the steam vspace of the boiler. The header is made of steel, the shell of the boiler and the tube plate being utilized in its construction. The saturated steam is led to this header through a pipe (not shown) connected to the flange m. The ends of the superheater elements which receive the saturated steam are formed with a double bend, and are broughtup horizontally to the tube plate. Each opens separately and directly into the steam header, as do also the ends ofthe superheater elements which convey the superheated steam. -Each element of a row canv be removed singly, the top row being first removed, then the middle row and lastly the bottom row.A Both ends of each tube .are attached by means of a common iange z' and a screw to the respective steam header. i The superheated steam headers, which in the example shown are situated partly inside and partly outside the smoke box, may also be arranged so as to be situated entirely outside., This latter arrangement renders the interior` of the smoke box more accessibleand may -be adopted with advantage in cases where space is limited. In those cases in which the smoke box is large, the headers may be arranged entirely inside. Instead of attaching the ends of the superheater elements conveying superheated steam, to the 'superheater steam headersfrom which the su erheated steam is after` Ward led to the sli e valve chests of the engine, the ends of the superheater elements may be attached directly to the valve chests,

vf-Without departing Jfrom the scope of my invention. In such a case the ends of the superheater elements pass through the smoke box Wall which is provided with suitable packing arrangements at these points for the purpose of preventing the entrance of air into the smoke box. v

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention `and what manner' the' same is to be performed, I claim:

l. A steam superheater for fire tube boilers consisting of a saturated steam header steam headers disposed laterally thereto, and of superheaterv elements adapted to be inserted into the upper horizontal iire tube rows, and arranged in vertical rows, the elements of each vertical row terminating in -the superheated steam header in such a Way that the ends of the elements of the row located 'above the re tubes, superheated nearest to the superheated steam header open into them at the same level With the lowest lire tube row containingsuperheating elements while the rows of elementsniore remote open at lower levels.

f2. A steam superheater for ire tube boilers in combination with the usual tube sheet,

.elements of the row nearest to the superheated steam header open into them at the same level with the lowest lire tube row coiitaining superheating elements While the rows -of elements more remote open at lower levels. y

3. A steam superheaterfor ire tube boilers in combination with the usual' tube sheet,

consisting of a saturated steam header located above the fire tubes and extending across said tube sheet, of superheated steam headers arranged on both ends of the' saturated steam header, perpendicularlv thereto but spaced apart therefrom, each of said superhe'ated steam headers provided with a tace perpendicular to the tube sheet and of superlieater elements in the upper horizontal liretube rows arranged in vertical rows, the elements of each vertical row' terminating in said faces in such a way that the ends of the elements of the row nearest to the superheated steam header open into them at the same level with the lowest lire tube row containing superheating elements while the rows of elements more remote open at lower levels. p

4. A steam superhcater for lire tube boilers parts of which are adapted to be.

inserted into the smoke box in'front of the tube sheet, consisting of a` saturated-steam header located above the lire tubes and eX- tendingl across the smoke box, of superheated steam headers arranged on both ends of the saturated steam header spaced apart therefrom, partly located inside andl partly outside the smoke box, each of the superheated steam headers provided with a face perpendicular to the tube sheet and of superheater elements adapted to be inserted into the upper horizontal tire tube rows and arranged in vertical rows the elements of -eacli vertical row terminating in the superheated steam header in such a way that the ends of the elements of the rownearest to the superheated steam header open into them at the same level with the lowest fire tube row containing superheating elements while the rows of elements more remote open at lower levels.

5. A steam superheater for fire tube boilers parts of which are adapted to be inserted into the smoke box in front of the tube sheet, consisting of a header for saturated steam located in the steam space of the boiler, of superheated steam headers on each side of the smoke box, provided with a face perpendicular to the tube sheet and of superheater elements adapted to be inserted into the upper horizontal fire tube rows and arranged in vertical rows the elements of each vertical row terminating in the superheated'steam header in such a way that the l 'ends of the elements of the row nearest to the superheated steam header open into them at the same level with the lowest re tube row containing superheating elements while the rows of elements more remote open at lower levels.

t3. A steam superheater for fire tube boilers consisting of a header for saturated steam, of superheated steam headers arranged on both ends of the first-named header but spaced apart therefrom, of superheating elements `adapted to be inserted into the upper horizontal re tube rows and arranged in vertical rows, the elements of each vertical row terminating in the superheated steam header in the same order as in the saturated steam header, in such a way that the ends of the elements of the row nearest to the Y superheate'd steam header open into them at the same` level with the lowest fire tube row containing superheating elements while the rows of the more remote elements open at lower levels.' y

k7. A steamV header for fire tube boilers provided with a smoke boX, consisting of a header for saturated steam located .in the steam space of the boiler, of superheated steam headers onboth sides of the smoke box extending partly outside thereof, and of superheating elements adapted to be inserted in the upper horizontal tire tube rows and arranged in vertical rows, all the elements belongingto one superheated steam header bent to enter their respective fire tubes on the same side and leaving it at the other side, the elements. of each vertical row terminating in the superheated steam header in the same order as in the saturated steaml header, in such a way that the ends of the elements of the -row nearest the superheated steam header open into them at the same level with thellowestV fire tube row containing superheatingg;v elements while the rows of the more remote elements open at lower levels.

8. A steam `superlieater for fire tube boilers .consisting of a saturatedv steam headerV located above the re tubes, superheated steam headers disposed laterally thereto, of superheater elements adaptedvto mote open at lower levels, and of flanges be -inserted into the upperv horizontall fire adapted to connect all theelements of a yertube rows and arranged in vertical rows the tical row to the superheated steam header. elements of, each Vertical row terminating In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set 5 in the superheated steam header in such a my hand in the presence of two subscribing 15 Way that theends of the elements of the row w1tnesses. nearest the superheated Steam header open PETER THOMSEN. l into them at the same level with the lowest Witnesses: l re tube row containin superhatng elev CARL MoLL, 10 ments Awhile the rows o 'elements more re- CARL VOLLAND.

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