US1133007A

US1133007A - Internal-combustion engine.

Info

Publication number: US1133007A
Application number: US57880110A
Authority: US
Inventors: Edmund S Church
Original assignee: GEORGIANA L CHURCH
Current assignee: GEORGIANA L CHURCH
Priority date: 1910-08-24
Filing date: 1910-08-24
Publication date: 1915-03-23
Anticipated expiration: 1932-03-23

Description

E. s. CHURCH. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIOATION PIILED AUG. 24, 1910.

Patented Mar. 23, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2- E. S. CHURCH.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 24, 1910. 1,1 33,007. Patented Mar. 23, 1915.

5 SHBETSSHEET 3.

I In

I/IIIIIII IIIIIIII/ I MM MM.

E. S. CHURCH.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

' APPLICATION FILED AUG. 24, 1910, I 1,1 33,007. v Pfitehted'Ma'r. 23, 1915.

5 SHEETS$HEET 4.

E. S. CHURCH.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 24, 1910 Patented Mar. 23, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

" 94% M I W fifaveuk EDMUND S. CHURCH, OF DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO

GEORGIANA L. CHURCH,

OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Applicationfiled August 24,

' To all'wlz om it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDMUND S. CHURCH, a resident of Dayton, in the county ofMontgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description. v p

The invention relates to engin'es'of the type in which acombustible or explosive agent, such as air and hydrocarbon is supplied to a cylinder of the engine and ignited to operate one of the engine elements relatively to the other.

In the operation of reciprocating explosive engines of the four cycle type, it is now common practice to draw-a char e of combustible mixture into the cylin or during the out-stroke of the piston and to compress that charge during the succeeding in-stroke of the piston, to render the charge cxplosive or combustible, and in operation, the compression of the charge by the piston in' the cylinder is substantially the same at all times, since the piston-stroke is the same at all times. Resultantly, there is no substantial variation in the compression of the charge and therefore, no variation n eiiiciencv or power, except such as results from variation of the mixture admitted to the cylinder.

One object of the invention is to provide an improved internal combustion engine, in which the fluid admitted to the cylinder is compressed and in which the degree of compression or density of the fluid may be readily varied so that efliciency of the engine will vary. according to theload imposed upon it.

The invention also designs to provide for automatic regulation of the compression or densitv of the charge by the load imposed upon the engine, so that the density of the charge will be increased as the load increases.

A. still further object of the invention is to provide an automatically operating connection between the engine-shaft and the element to be driven thereby, which controls the speed of the driven-element, according to the load imposed upon it, and so that if '1 hr- )OCz'lil oi the engine is insuflicient to drive the driven element at a given relative speed,

' the driven element will be difierentially op- Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Mar. 23, 19.15,

1910. Serial No. 578,801.

eratedfat a lowerspeed instead of causing stoppage of the engine as frequently occurs in the operation of engines in motor-vehicles.

The invention also provides a reservoir for storing a supply of air, for delivery into the cylinder in starting or for emergencies when excessive power is desired, and in which the maximum pressure of the fluid supplied to the cylinder, Will be automatically retained.

A still further object of the invention is to provide improved means for controlling the operation of an internal combustion engine by variation of the density of the charge introduced into the cylinder.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved pneumatic connection beproved operation, control and construction.

The invention consists in the several novel features hereinafter set forth and more particularly defined by claims at the conclusion hereof.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a planiof an internal combustion engine embodying the invention, the same being shown as applied to drive a motor-vehicle. Fig. 2 is a side elevation. Fin. 3 is a vertical section taken on line 33 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section taken at the axis of the crank-shaft. Fig. 5 is a detail of the pump-connection between the engine shaft and the driven shaft. Fig. 6 is a central longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 7 is a vertical section on an enlarged scale through the air reservoir and the valve mechanism for controlling the air in said reservoir. Fig. 8 is a detail section of the inspirator for the liquid fuel. Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view of the ignition apparatus. a

The engine illustrated in the drawings is shown as comprising four cylinders a although it is to be understood that the invention may be applied to engines havine but one cylinder or anv desired number. These cylinders are mounted upon an inclosing crank-case b, in which a crank-shaft c of usual construction. is journaled. These cranks are connected respectively to pistons d which operate in the cylinders, by means of pitmen e, in manner well understood in the art. This engine is of the four-cycle type and the upper endv a of each cylinder serves as an ignition-chamber and is pro vided with an admission valve 7, which controls the supply of combustible-mixture to the cylinder. An exhaust-valve g is'mounted in the admission-valve and controls the exhaust from the upper end of the cylinders. Above its admission-valve, each-cylinder is rovi ded with a-port or chamber f which is in communication with a manifold fto which the combustible agent is conducted by an in-take pipe f .Each admission-valve is normally held closed by a spring 7 and is opened by a valve-operating mechanism comprising a lever f rod 7 and a cam f on a valve-shaft 7 which is geared to the engine-shaft c in manner well understood in the art, being usually driven at the ratio of one to two with respect to the engine-shaft. Each exhaust-valve g'is normally held closed by a spring g and is operated to permit the products of combustion to escape by similar valve-operating mechanism to that employed for the admission-valves. Since, however, the particular construction of this valvemechanism may be similar to that now commonly employed in the art for internal combustion engines of the four-cycle type, further illustration and description is deemed 'unnecessary- Exhaust-port g communicates with its associated valve 9 and conducts the products of combustion to a manitold 9 which is usually connected by a pipe 9! to an exhaust-pipe 9 To provide for more eflective scavenging of the cylinders, an auxiliary exhaust-pipe g is connected to each evlinder and to a common exhaust-pipe g which is connected to the muffler g.

The engine-shaft c has rigidly secured thereto, a pump-carrier h, which serves as a momentum or fly-wheel and carriesa series of pump-cylinders k in each of which a piston if is slidably mounted. Each of these pistons is connected to a crank or eccentricconnections. Each piston 72 is provided Shaft 2" serves to drive the load, is co-.

axially mounted with respect to the shaft a andis adapted to be driven by these pumpconnections. Each piston 71 is provided with a check-valve k for admitting air to the piston-chamber if during every in-stroke of the piston. Port it formed in the carrier Izconducts thecompressed air from the piston-chamber. 7&5 to an annular channel h on the periphery of the hub k of the pump carrier h. This hub is provided with packing-rings k fitting in a suitable bearing 7) on the crank-case b, to form an air-tight connection between the revolving hub and said bearing. A check-valve [L10 is inter posed in each port hf to prevent back-flow ianne? of these pump-connections. when the engine is appliedto a motor-vehicle and it is desired to start the vehicle, at which time greater power is necessary a of the air into the piston-chambers if. The

in-take pipe f which is connected to the admission-manifold f is connected to the channel it to receive compressed air from the pump-cylinders h.

In transit to the admission-manifold, the air current takes, up hydro-carbon which is delivered into the pipe, by means of a needle valve j which receives liquid hydrocarbon from a supply-pipe p; This valve directs the hydro-carbon in regulated quantity to a small funnel-shaped pipe 1' in the in-take pipe f Pipe 1) receives the liquid fluid from a reservoir 22 and if desired, the liquid in said reservoir may be placed under pressure, corresponding to that in the intake pipe by a pipe 39 which may be connected to pipe is in which the pressure is the same as in the in-take pipe. The compressed air passing through iii-take pipe 3 mixes with the hydro-carbon and forms a combustible mixture which will explode when ignited in the ignition-chambers of the cylinders.

Each cylinder is provided with a sparkplug 3 of usual construction and which may be operated in any manner well understood in the art, to successively ignite the charges in the cylinders a.

The present invention designs to avoid the necessity of compressing the explosive agent by the pistons in the engine-cylinder and to introduce the combustible agent under compression, into the cylinder. For this purpose, the introduction of the charge is timed to occur just before the piston reaches the end of its out-stroke, s'o, that when it reaches the limit of its' strok;e'. he previously densiiied combustiblefagefitwill be in-the cylinder in readiness to, receive the spark for the power-stroke of the piston. The degree of compression or density of the combustible agent, is varied automatically according to the load to be driven by the engine. hese results are accomplished by the pump-connections between the engine-shaft c and the driven-shaft i,- -"becausethe operation of the engineshaft will not cause the driven-shaft a" to be rotated until the pressure in the intake pipe f is sufficient to retard the operati on of the pump-pistons h" in the. cylinders 71. and to cause the pitmen k to drive the crank a on the driven-shaft. Y'Resultantly,

the wrist-pin 2' on crank 2', so that these pumps will operate to force air into the intake pipe f until the pressure therein is sufiicie'nt to retard or prevent the movement For example,-

' of the pistons k in their cylinders h', then the driven-shaft a" will be operated by means than when the vehicle is under headway, the

sistance or load imposed upon the shaft 2".

Pressure in the in-take pipe will be automatically maintained, to re-place the volume supplied to the engine cylinders by reason of the differential travel of the shaft a" relatively to the engine-shaft 0, which occurs whenever the pressure in the in-take pipe is reduced below that required to drive the may be indicated to the operator by a gage load or to prevent movement of the pump pistons 71. in their cylinders 73.

To provide initial pressure to start the engne or auxiliary pressure, in event that 'is desirable. in emergencies, a reservoir is is provided and is connected b a pipe is to the channel k in the hub o the pump,-

carrier so that air from the pumps will also be forced through pipe k into the reservoir 70, where sufiicient pressure will alwa s be maintained to start the engine. A c eckvalve 7: is included in the pipe is to prevent back-flow of theair from the reservoir. This check-valve "may be manually opened by a connection comprising a rod k gears 5 is, shaft is, gears It and a handwheel [a mounted on the dash board 10 of the vehicle. Resultantly, when auxiliary pressure is desired at any time to increase the efficiency of the engine, without waiting for the pumps to develop the necessary pressure in the iii-take pipe, the operator may open valve 10 to cause the pressure in the ini take pipe, which is in communication with the reservoir by means of pipe lcand chans nels h, to be raised to the pressure in the reservoir is. The pressure in the reservoir 11 connected to the. pipe is by a pipe 12.

A blow-ofi pipe 13- is also connected to the pipe in. A shut-ofi' cock 14 is provided so that when the engine is not in operation, the pressure in the reservoir may be retained therein. The maximum pressure developed in the operation of the pumps will also'be attained in this reservoir, and after the re duction of pressure, it will be automatically raised to the maximum by the operation of the pumps.

The supply of combustible mixture to the in-take manifold. is controlled by a throttlevalve Z so that the speed of the engine may be controlled in that manner. A connection comprising a lever Z, rod Z bell-crank lever 1*, which may be mounted on the post in which the steering-shaft is journaled, a rod 1 and an arm Z secured to said valve, places the pressure in the pipe may be reduced. By

permitting escape of the air. from the in-take pipe, the dilferential travel of the engine, relatively to the shaft 71', will vary. This device consists of a valve m mounted in abranch f of the in-take pipe f. A checkvalve f closes communication bet-ween the intake pipe 7 and branch 7", and at spring f" has suflicient force to prevent any escape of air until pressure in the in-take pipe is greater than the minimum required for operating the engine, for example, 15 pounds. The operator can manipulate the controllervalve m by a connection'comprising an arm m secured to said valve, a link m and an arm an on the lower end of a shaft m having a handle 11?. at its upper end. By turning handle m, the controller-valve m may be opened more or less to reduce the pressure in the in-take pipe, and by permitting the air therein to escape, the operator may vary the speed of travel of the driven-shaft z". The driven-shaft 2" may be connected to operate the driving wheels 12 of the vehicle by means-of suitable shafts and gearing now common in the art.

An automatically operating switch 0 is provided for keeping the electric-circuit in which the spark-plugs are included, open, until the minimum pressure for operation of the engine has been developed in the in- I take pipe. A piston 0 is slidable in a branch 0 of the in-take pipe and isoperated inwardly by a spring 0, which is of suilicient force to hold the plunger inwardly until the pressure in the in-take pipe is sufficient for an explosive mixture. Piston 0 is connected to a stem 0 which is adapted to engage a contact-terminal 0 which-is included in the circuit for the spark-plugs s, as diagrammatically shown in Fig. 9. In

starting the engine, when there is no pressure in the in-take pipe, the sparking-circuit will be interrupted at switch 0 until sufii-f cient pressure has-been developed in' the or driveirshaft will remain stationary and such rotation will cause the piston k to be operated back and forth in their pump-cylinders it. Such operation of the pistons will cause airto pass into the chambers [L5 through check-valves h and to be forced through ports it", through channel. h and in-take pipe 7, into manifold f and supply ducts f. When the pressure in the in-take and supply-pipes reaches the minimum'neeessary for ignition, say 15 pounds, plunger Y) will be forced outwardly and close the ignition circuit at switch 0, and thereupon the ignition-apparatus will become operative to ignite the charges successively forced into the chambers a of the cylinders, under control of the iii-take valves 7. In transit through the in-take pipe the air will carry with it the hydro-carbon supplied to the in-take pipe through needle-valve 79. The combustible charge will be admitted to each cylinder just before the piston reaches the end of its last cycle, and as soon as it reaches the limit of that in-stroke, the charge will be ignited for the power-stroke of the piston. As the piston reaches the end of its power-stroke, the products of combustion will escape from auxiliary exhaust-pipe g and during the next cycle, exhaust-valve 9 will be open to permit the products of combustion to escape, through valve 9 and the manifold 9 If desired this exhaustvalve may be permitted to remain open until a portion of the last cycle, so that the cylinder will be thoroughly scavenged before the next ignition occurs. The engine having been started, the pressure in the in-take pipe will be maintained by the operation of the pumps. When the pressure in the intake pipe has been raised sufliciently to cause the movement of the pump-pistons 71 to be retarded, the pitmen if will become operative to drive crank i and shaft a" and air to displace the volume supplied to the cylinders will be provided by the working of the pump-pistons 713 in the cylinders it whenever the pressure in the in-take pipe decreases. If it is desired to run the engine free until the operator desires to drive the vehicle or shaft i, suflicient air may be permitted to escape by the manipulation of throttle valve Z, to reduce the pressure in the in-take, so that the resistance of shaft 11 and its load will exceed that necessary to retard longitudinal travel of pistons k in cylinders it. During operation of the engine, the reservoir is will also be filled and e mes es the pressure will be maintained therein equal to the maximum pressure developed in the 'in-take pipe. Check-valve [a will keep the pressure in the reservoir until the operator desires to use this pressure, in which event it may be controlled by hand-wheel k to supply air, under pressure, to the cylinders either in starting or to increase the eificiency of the engine when itis running. The speed of the engine may also be controlled by throttle valve Z. i

In driving the vehicle, the controllervalve m may, at any time, be used to permit some of the air in the in-take pipe to escape and in this manner the relative speed of the vehicle and the engine may be varied, as well as controlled, without the necessity of manipulating a friction-clutch or gearing for that purpose.

The mechanism thus set forth exemplifies an engine in which the density of combustible-agent consumed in the engine-cylinders, may be varied at will, to vary the etliciency or power of the engine; it also exemplifies mechanism by which thedensity of the combustible agent will be varied automatically according to the load imposed upon the engine and will be automatically controlledby the load, so that when a heavy load or resistance (for example, in starting the vehicle) opposes the movement of the -driven-shaft i, the pump-connections will become operative to increase the pressure in the in-take pipe and the degree of compression or density of the combustible-agent and correspondingly vary the relative speed of the driven-shaft and engine, thus effecting an increase of power and a reduction of speed when desired or necessary in moving the load. The pump-connections associated. with the controller-valve for regulating the pressure in the in-take pipe, also exemplifies mechanism by which the degree of compression of the combustible agent may be manually varied to cause differential operation of the driven-shaft relatively to the engine-shaft without the use of a frictionclutch or other gearing, and this mechanism inay also serve as a throw-off or ,connection which permits the engine to be operated independently of the drivens'haft or element.

The invention is not to be understood as.

restricted to. the -details shown and described, slnce these may be,mod1fied Within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and scope-of the invention.

Having thus described the invention, what I' claim as new and desire to secure by Letmeans? a being operatively connected toberconstantly driven .by theqengine, (means for conducting fluid compressed abysai'd compression means tothe engine means connecting the'otheriof said elements to the load to .bedriven, (to vary ,thacnmpression of air by the-compres-.

- 'sion-means,, and theidensityof thefuel sup-' pliedgto the engine correspondingly- -to the resistance ofthe eload, and means for indei s u y ng he density of the .fiuid 2o lied to the engine.

L'Ihercombination .With an internal conibustion A engine, of compression-means compzising two/elements, one of said elements ing operatively connected to be constantly 5 driven.by.the; engine, .means for conducting I fluid compressed Joy-said elements to the engins, aand means connecting the other of said elements to the load to be driven, to vary .the compression operation of the com- 0 pression-means, andthe density of the fluid supplied ,to the engine correspondingly to the resistance of theload.

- ill-he combination with an internal com bustion engine, of compression means comprisin'gtwo elements, one of said elements being operatively connected to be constantly driven by the engine, means for conducting air compressed by said elements to the engine, means connecting the other of said 40 elements to the load to be driven to vary the compression of air by the compressionmeans and the density of the fluid supplied to the engine correspondingly to the resistance of the load, and means for manually controlling'the density .of the fluid .independently of the load. 5. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of compression-means comprising two elements, one of said elements being operatively connected to be constan'tly driven by the engine, means for conducting air compressed by saidelements to the engine, means for supplying fuel tothe compressed air in transit to the engine, means 'oonnecting the other of said elements. to the load to be-driven, to. vary the compression of air by the compression-means, andthe 'den-; sity of the fluid supplied to the engine, correspondingly to the resistance of the load,

I and means for independently controlling the density ofthe fluid supplied'to the engine,

6. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of compress'on-means com- 55 prising two elements, one 0 said elements engine.

being operatively connected to -.beconstantly driven by the engine, means -'for conduct ng air compressed by said elements toothe en- 4 ,gine, means for supplying fuel to theeompressed air in transit to the =.engine, and

, means connecting theotherof said elements to the load to be driven, to. yary the com pression of air by the compression-means, and :the density of the fuel supplied to; the engine, correspondingly to the resistance of the load.

7. The combinatioh with an internal "combustionengine, of compression-means,cont prising two elements one'iof 'whioh fis 'slldable the other, one of said elements being,

' operativelyconnected -to;-be constant1;y driven" by thetrengine, meansi for -tconducti-n'g: ,fltlid compressed by said --elen1ents to the engine,

and means connecting .the oth'er, qf,--said elementss-to the load; @to beidriven and whereby the movement} of said elementssto compress air will be controllediby ithefload and {will vary the densitylbf :the fuel" ,supplied to'rthe 8. Thecombination, with-an internal combustion engine, of compression-means com;- prising two elements oneof which is Lslid'able in the other, one of-said elementsbeing op-' eratively connected to be constantlydriven by the engine, means for conducting-fluid compressedv 'by said means to the .--eng1-ne,. means connecting the other of=sa1d e1ements to the load to be driven,to control-theuoperation of the compression-means by j the load, and means for independently varying thedensity of the :fluid supplied t the engine. a l A 9. The combinatlon YWlth an ln'ternahcombustlon engine, of compressi-on-means -comprising two elements one ofwhioh isslidable m in the other, one of said elements being'operativel'y connected to be constantly'rdriven by the engine, means for conducting-fluid compressed by said means to the engine, means connecting the other of sa'idelements 1m to the load to bedriven, whereby the operation-of the compression means for com-press ing air, and the density of the fuel, sup.- plied 'to the engine, will I be. variedwcorrespondingly-to the resistance of the load,-and manually operable means for independently controlling theidensity of the fluid supplied to'the engine. 1:

l0. Thecombination With an internal icombustion engine, of compression meains com prising tii o elements one-of 'which is slidable spondingly to the resistance of the load, and

means for reducing thedensity ofthe fluid supplied' to the engine.

- 11. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of compression-means comprising two elements one of which is slidable in the other, one of said elements being operatively connected to be constantly driven by the engine, means for conducting fluid compressed by said elements to theenginecylinder, means for supplying fuel to the fluid compressed by said elements, and means connecting the other of said elements to the load to be driven and whereby the be driven and whereby the operation of the compression of air by said elements will be 7 controlled by the resistance of the load. 1

' 12. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of compression-means com-' prising two elements one of which is slidable in the other, one of said elements being 0p-v eratively connected to be constantly driven by the engine, means for conducting air compressed by said compression-means to the engine, means for supplying fuel to the air compressedby said elements, means connecting the other of said elements to the load to compression-means for compressing air, and the density of the fuel supplied to the engine, will be varied correspondingly to the resistance of the load, and independentmeans for controlling the density of. the fluid supplied to the engine.

- 13. The combination with'an internal combustion engine, of compression-means comprising two rotatable elements, one of said elements being operatively connected to be constantly driven by the engine, means for conducting fluid compressed by said means to the engine, and compression-means connecting the other of said elements to the load to be driven and whereby the operation of the compression-means relative to the engine will be controlled by the load to vary the load to be drivenand whereby the compres- 5.5 trolled to vary the density of the fuel sup- I plied to the engine correspondingly to the sion of fluid by said elements, will be conresistance of the load, and means for independently varying the density of the fluid p l to the en. ine- 15 The comhtn' tlon with an internal com- 'bustion engine, qt"compression-means comrising two rotatable elements, one of said elements being operatively connected to be driven by the engine, means for conducting fluid compressed by said elements to the engine, means connecting the other of said elements to the load to be driven and whereby the compression of fluid by said elements will be controlled, to vary the density of the fuel supplied to the engine correspondingly to the resistance of the load, and manually operable means for varying the density of the fluid supplied to theengine.

16. The combination with an' internal combustion engine of compression-means comprising two rotatable elements, one of said elements being operatively. connected to be driven by the engine, means for conducting fluid compressed by said compression means to the engine, means connecting the other of said elements to the load to be driven and whereby the compression of fluid will be con trolled,-to vary the density ofthe fuel supplied to the engine correspondingly to the resistance of the load, and means for reducconstantly driven by the engine, means for conducting air compressed by said elements to the engine, means for supplying fuel to the compressed air /in transit to the engine, and means connecting the other of said elements tothe load to be driven and whereby the compression of air by said compression means will be controlled, to vary the density of the fuel supplied to the engine correspondingly to the resistance of the load.

18. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of compression-means comprising two 'rot'atable elements, one of said elements being operatively connected to be driven by the engine, means for conducting air compressed by said elements to the engine, means for supplying fuel to compressed air in transit to the engine, means connecting the other of said elements to the load to be driven and whereby the compression of air will be controlled, to vary the density of the fuel supply to the engine correspondingly to the resistance of the load, and means independent of the load, for varying the density ofthe fluid supplied to the engine.

"*195 The [combination with an internal combustion engine, of compression-means comprising two rotatable elements one of which is slidable in the other, one of said elements being operatively connected to be constantly driven by the engine, means for conductingfluid compressed by said means to the engine, and means connecting the other of said elements to the load to be driven and whereby the relative movement 1 of said elements will be 'controlled,'to" vary the density of the fluid supplied to the enis slidable relatively to the other, one of said elements being operatively connected to be constantly driven by the engine, means for conducting fluid compressed by said elements to the engine, means connecting the other of said elements to the load to be driven and whereby the Operation of one of said elements relatively to the other will be controlled by the resistance of the load, and means for independently varying the density of the fluid supplied to the engine.

' by the load upon the engine to vary the opprising two rotatable elements one of which 22-. The combination with an internal com- I bustion engine, of compression-means comprising two rotatable elements one of which is slidable relatively to the other, one of said elements being operatively connected to be constantly driven by the engine, means for conducting fluid compressed by said compression-means to the engine, means connecting the other of said elements to the load to be driven and whereby the compression of air .will be controlled, to vary'the density of the fuel supplied to the engine, according to the resistance of the load, and manually operable means for independently controlling the density of the fluid supplied to the engine.

23. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of compression-means comprising two rotatable elements one of which is slidable relatively to the other, one of said elements being operatively connected to be constantly driven by the engine, means for conducting air compressed by said elements to the engine, means connecting the other of said elements to the load to be driven and whereby the compression of air will be controlled to vary the density of the fuel supplied to the engine, according to the resistance of the load, and means for permitting the compressed air to escape to reduce the density of the fluid supplied to the engine.

24. The combination with an internal cornbustion engine, of compression-means comprising two rotatable elements one-of which eration of the compressor according to the load imposed upon the engine.

26. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a compressor, means for tion of the compressor according to the load imposed upon the engine, and means for independently controlling the density of the air supplied to the engine. 27. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a plurality of pumps, each comprising two cooperating elements, one of the elements of each pump being operatively connected to, and constantly driven by,the engine, means for connecting the other element of each of the pumps to the load to be driven by the engine, whereby the compressive action of the pumps will be varied and controlled by the load, and means for conducting fluid compressed by the pumps to the engine-cylinder. I

28. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a plurality of pumps, each comprising two cooperating elements, one of the elements of each pump being operatively connected to, and constantly driven by the engine, means connecting the other element of each of the pumps to the load to be driven by the engine, whereby the compressive action of the pumps will be varied and controlled by'the load, means for conducting fluid compressed by the pumps to the enginecylinder, and means independent of the load, for varying the density of the fluid supplied to the engine.

The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a plurality of pumps, each comprising two co'o'perating elements, one of the elements of each pump being operatively connected to, and constantly driven by the engine, means for connecting the other element of each of the pumps to the load to be driven by the engine, whereby the compressive action of the pumps will be varied and controlled by the load, means for conducting fluid compressed by the pumps to the engine-cylinder, and manually operable means for varying the density of the iluid supplied to the engine.

30. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a plurality of pumps, 4

' load to be driven by the engine, whereby the compressive action of the pumps will be varied and controlled by the load, means for conducting air compressed by the pumps to the engine cylinder, and means for permitting the compressed air to escape to reduce the density of the fluid supplied to the cylinder.

31. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a plurality of pumps, each comprising two cooperating elements, one ofthe elements of each pump being operatively connected to, and constantly driven by the engine, means connecting the other element of each of the pumps to the load to be driven by the engine, whereby the compressive action of the pumps will be varied and controlled by the load, means for conducting air compressed by the pumps to the engine-cylinder and means for supplying fuel to the compressed air in transit to the engine.

The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a plurality of pumps, each comprising two co perating elements, one of the elements of each pump being operatively connected to, and constantly driven by the engine, means connecting the other element of each of the pumps to the load tobe driven by the engine, whereby the compressive action of the pumps will be varied and controlled by the load, and means for conducting fluid compressed by the pumps to the engine cylinder, means for supplying fuel to the compressed air passing to the engine, and means for permit:- ting air to escape, to reduce the density of the air passing to the engine.

33. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a plurality of rotary pumps, each comprising two cooperating elements, one of the elements of each pump being operatively connected to, and con stantly driven l.:-y the. engine, means connecting the other element of each of the pumps to the load to be driven by the engine, whereby the compressive action of the pumps will be varied and controlled by the load, and means for conducting air compressed by the pumps to the engine cylinder.

34. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a plurality of rotary pumps, each comprising two cooperating elen'ients, one of the elements of each pump reii'ig operatively connected to, and constantly driven by the engine, means c0nnrcting the other element of each of the pumps to the load to be driven by the engine,"whereby the con'iprcssive action of the pumps will be varied and controlled by the load. means for conducting air compressed by the pumps to the engineeylinders, and means independent of the pumps, for vary iug the density of the fluid supplied. to the engine.

The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a plurality of rotary pumps, each comprising two coiiperating elements, one of the elements of each pump being operatively. connected to, and constantly driven by the engine, means connecting the other element of each of the pumps to the load to be driven by the engine, whereby the compressive action of the pumps will be varied and controlled by the load, means for conducting air compressed by the pumps to the engine cylinders, and means tor permitting air to escape from the conducting-means to reduce the density of the fluid supplied to the engine.

The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a plurality of rotary pumps, each comprising two cooperating elements, one of the elements of each pump being operatively connected to, and constantly driven by the engine, means connecting the other element of each of the pumps to the load to be driven by the engine, whereby the compressive action of the pumps will be varied and controlled by the load. means for conducting [iuid compressed by the pumps to the engine cylinders, and manually controlled means for varying the density of the fluid supplied to the engine.

37. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a plurality of rotary pumps, each comprising two coo 'ierating elements, one of the elements of each pump being operatively connected to, and constantlydriven by the engine, means connecting the other element of each of the pumps to the load to be driven by the engine, whereby the compressive action of the pumps will be varied and cont-rbllcd by the load, means for conducting air compressed by the pumps to the engine cylinders, and means for supplying fuel to the compressed air in transit to the engine.

38. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a plurality oi rotary pumps, ich comprising two cooperating elements, one of the elements of each pump being opcratively connected to, and constantly driven by the engine, means connecting the other element of each of the pumps to the load to be driven by the engine, whereby the compressive action of the pumps will be varied and controlled by the load, means for conducting fluid compressed by the pumps to the engine cylinders, means for supplying fuel to the compressed air in transit to the engine,and means independent I of the pumps, forivaryingthe density of air in the conducting-means; 1 I a 39."- The combination With-an internal combustion engine, of a a ipuinp, comprising a piston and a'cylinder, means for conducting fluid compressed by the pump to the enginecylinder', the *pumpcylinder being operatively connected' to-the engine, and means connecting the-pump-piston to'the load to be driven, whereby the compression of fluid by the pump will be contlzglied-and varied bytheloadw v a. -4:0. The-combination with an internal combustion engine, ofa pump comprising a piston and acylinder, means for. conducting fluidcompressed by the .pump to the engines cylinder, the pump-cylinder being opera t vely connectedto the engine, means connecting the pump-piston ,to the load to be .cylinder, .the pump-cylinder being operatively connected to and driven by the engine; means connecting the, pump-piston to I the load'to be drivenwhereby the operation of the pump relative to the .engine vvill 138.0011,

trolledbythe load, and manually operable means for controlling theldensityiof-cthe fluid supplied to the engine. v

.42. The combination With an internal combustionengine, of a pump comprising a piston and-a cylinder, means for conducting air compressed by the pumpto the engine cylinder, the pump-cylinder being drivably connected tothe engine, means. connecting the 'pump-pistonto the load to be driven, whereby the operation of the pump relative tothe engine will be controlled by the load, andgmanually operable means. for permitting compressed airv tov escape, to reduce the density of the'fiuid supplied to the engine.

T43. The combination with an internal com b'ustion .engine,"-T of a pump comprising a piston and a cylinder, means for conducting air compressed by the pump to the engine-1 cylinder, the pump-cylinderbeing drivably connected to the engine, :nieans'connecting .0 *Whereby the operation of the pump relative the p'umprpiston to the load to. be. driven,

to the engine, Willbe controlled by the load,

and means for supplying fuel to the com-" pressed air passing to the engine. j

-; =44A.flheeombinationfwith internal combustion engine e of a pump-,1. comprising a piston and a cylinder, means. for conducting air compressed bythe'pump, tothe engine cylinder, the z'pump-cylinder, being operatively fconnected to the engine, means connectin'gthe pumppiston to the load' to be.

driven, whereby the ioperation of v the pump relativettothe engine, will be controlled and varied-byitheload', means .for supplying fuel H I to thecompres'sed airfrom the pump, and means for permitting air .to escape, to reduce the density iof the. fluid supplied to the en- 'gine. a

.45 The combination Withan internal combastion ;engine,;of Ea plurality. of rotary pumps, each comprising a cylinderand a piston, the cylinders being connected to and constantly rotated, by. the engine, meansconnecting the pistons and the load to be driven,

and means for. conductingfiuid under pressure from said pumps to the engine, the loadiacting to resist the movement of the pistons in the'cylinders.

46. The combination with aninternal combustion engine, of a plurality of grotary 'pumps, each comprising a. cylinder and a piston, the cylinders being; connected to and-' rotated by the engine, means connecting the rib pistons andfthe load to be driven, means for I conductinglfiuid under pressure from said pumps to the engine, the load acting to resist the movement of the pistonsin the cylinders, and means for supplying fuel to, the air compressed/by said pumps. i I

,M -The combination With an internalbom bastion engine, of a plurality of rotary pumps, each comprising a cylinder and a piston, the cylinders being connectedto and rotated by the engine, means connecting the pistons and the load to be driven, means for conducting fluid under pressure from. said pumps. to the engine, the loadlacting to resist the movement of the pistons in I the cylinders, means for supplying fuel to the air compressedby said pum'ps, and means for varying the supply of fuel 4:8. The combinationwith an internal combustion engine, of a plurality of rotary pumps, each comprising a cylinder and a piston, the cylinders being connected to and rotated by the engine, meansconnecting the,

pistons and the load to be driven, means for conducting fluid, under pressure from saidfpumps to the enginepthe load acting v toresist the movement ofthe pistons :in the cylinders, means for supplying fuel to the air compressed by. said -;pumps and means independentbfthe load for varying the density of the fluid supplied to the .3;

engine. w 1

49. The combination ,With an internal combustion engine, fja plurality of rotary pumps, each comprising. a cylinder and piston, the cylinders being connected to and rotated by the engine, means connecting the pistons and the load to be driven, means for conducting fluid under pressure from said pumps to the engine, the load acting to. resist the movement of'the pistons 1n the cylinders, means for supplying fuel to the air compressed by said pumps, and manually operable meansfor varying the density of the fluid supplied to the engine;

50. The combination with. an internal combustion engine, ofa plurality of rotary pumps, each comprising a cylinde if" and a piston, the cylinders being connected to and rotated by the engine, means connecting the pistons and the load to. be driven, means for I conducting air under pressure from said pumps to the engine, the load act ng to resist the movement of the pistons 1n the cylinders, means for supplying fuel to the air compressed by the pumps, means for varying the supply of fuel, and means for permitting air compressed by the pumps to escape, to reduce the density of the fluid supplied to the engine.

51. The combination with an internal combustion'engine, of means for compressing air driven by the engine, said compression means forming a driving connection between the engine and the load, the

operation of which will automatically vary tomatically vary the density of the air com- I pressed by the compression-means, means for conducting compressed air from said compression-means to the engine-cylinder, means for supplying fuel to the compressed air, and independent means for varying the density of fuel supplied to the engine.

53.- The combination with an internal combustion engine, of means for compressing air driven by the engine, said compression means forming a driving connection between the engine and the load which will operate differentially with respect to the' engine and thereby vary the density of the air compressed by the compression means, means for conducting compressed air from said compression means to the engine cylinder, means for supplying fuel to the comressed air, and manually operable means or varying the density of fluid supplied to the engine,

54. The \combination, with an internal combustion engine, of means for compressing air driven by the engine, said compression meansforming a driving-connection be-' tween the engine and the load, the operation of which will automatically vary ,With respect to the load imposed upon the engine an'cl'thereby vary the density of the air compressedby said compression means,

means for conducting compressed airfrom said compression means to the engine cylinder, means for supplying fuel to the compressed air, and means for reducing the density of the compressed air supplied to" the engine.

55.. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of an air. pump operated by-the engine, said pump forming a-driving-connection between the engine and the load,- the operation of which will vary according to the load imposed upon the en I gine and-thereby vary the. density ofair compressed by the pump, means for conducting air from thg pump to the engine cylinder, and means for supplying fuel to the compressed air.

' 56. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of an air pump operated by the engine, said pump forming a connection between the engine and the load, the operation of which will vary according 'to the load imposed upon the engine and thereby vary the density of air compressed by the pump, meansfor conducting air from the pump to the engine cylinder, means for supplying fuelto the compressed air, and

independent means for varying the density of fluid supplied to the engine.

57. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of an air pump operated by the engine, said pump forming 'a connection between the engine and the load, the operation of which will vary according to the load imposed upon the engine and thereby vary the density of air compressed by the pump, means for conducting air from the pump to the engine cylinder, means for supplying fuel to the com ressed air and manually operable means or varying x the density of fluid suppliedto the engine.

58. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of an air pump operated by 'the engine, said pump forming a connection between the "engine and the load, the operation of which will vary according to the load imposed upon the engine and thereby vary the density of air compressed by the pump, means for conducting air from the pump to the engine cylinder, means for supplying fuel to the compressed air, and

59. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a compressor comprising two cooperating elements, one of ran 1% means for reducing the density of compressed air supplied to the engine.

l theelements ofthe compressor todrive the .71 load,-and means forsuppling fuel to the v compressed air in transit-to the engine.

GOJ The' combination 'With an internal l co'mbustion engine, of a compressor comprising two-cooperating elements, one: of

"which is movable relatively to the other,

means connecting-one of'the elements to the .GIIglIIOSO it will be driven by' the engine, means for conducting'air from the compres 'sor-to the engine-cylinder, means connecting the other element to the l 'oadvtobe driven, Which causes the compressed fluid between the elements of the-compressor to- 1 combustionfenginqof a plurality'of pumps q drive the load, means for supplying fuel to {the com-pressedair in transit to the-engine,

and-means forwirying the densi-ty of the fluid-supplied to the enginesv 61. The combination i With I an" i nternal ing "to the load imposed upon the engine, mea'ns for conducting air under pressure combustion engine, of a compresscr comkprising two cooperating elements, one of Which is movable} relatively to *the other, means connecting one of the elements to the engine so it will be'drivenl'bythe engine, means for conductingair from the compressbr to the engine cylinder, means connecting Which causes the compressedfluid'betyveen Etheelements of the compressor to} driye the load, and means for-'supplying fiuel tothe compressed air in transit to the engine; and manually: operable means forvarying-btfhe density of-the fluid supplied 'toth'e engine. {62, The combination with 'l-a-n int'ernial combustion engine, of a rotary-pump comi prising two cooperating elements, one of which is movable relativelyto the other,

means connecting one of'the 'elements'to the engine SO 'ltWlll be driven by the' engine, "meansfor conducting fluid" fro'm the-pump to the engine-cylinder, means connecting the other element to the load toibedri'ven, which causesthe con'ipressed fluid in the punip to drive the-load, and-means for 's'up ilying fuel-to the compressedfluidin transit tofthe engine.

' 63.-Thecombination with 'an internal prising two cooperating elements, j one of which' 'is movable relatively to the other,

means connectingone of the elements" to the engine so it Wlll be driven" by the engine,

the other element to the load to bedriVen,

. which causes the compressed fluid-fin the pump, to drive the-load; meansfori supplying fuel to the compressed fluid in transit ,isepo'r 9 the elements to as) The combination with an, I, f-( -;on bust1oneng ne comprising cylinder,

s -the engine, I the density-of thecompressed fluidsupplied to the engine;

v. 642. The combinationzalwith ihirnal combustion engine, of aplura-lity ofpum ps forming a driving connection,,betW6? II the engine andfthe-zload, the operation ofavliieh :Will' be" varied automaticallyjbyand according .to the load'impo'sed upon; the engine, and means forvcondueting fluid from thepumps 5 to :the engine-cylinder.

' w 65. The combination of .an internalvcomflbustion engine, a rotary pump, and means for conducting fluid fromthc pump to the engine cylinder," said pump forming driving connectionbetween 'the engineiand the load, the'operation' of Which will be ya'ried automatically by and according to the -load imposed upon'the engine and thereby. yary the density of fluid supplied to the'engine.

66. The combination with an internal operated'by the engine, said pumps forming driving connection betweeni the' engine' and they load, theoperation ofd vhich will be varied automatically by and accordmeans w receive excess air therefrom, means tor supplyingthe fue-lflto said. conducting means, a check-valve "for? retaining pressure thel other element to the load to be driven,

"iii the reservoi-rpand' 'means formanually fromth e reservoir to the engine.

" (ST-The"-combinntion with internal {combustion-engine, of a plurality of pumps "operated by theen'gine, said pumpsforining pumpj toth'e engine cylinders, a reseryoir connected to said' conducting means to-"receii e excess air therefrom, ni eans for supplying the'fuel to sz udconductm'g means, a

"clie'ck-Valye for retaining pressure in the.

"reseii'voir; and means for? manually oper- "a'ting the c'heckalx 'e t-o supply air from thereservoir to theengine, and means'for f jredu'cing the pressure i fisaid conducting "means?" combustion eng-1'ne,"of "a-rotary-p-u'mp comternal fl fi oned by the load' on'th e engine for con-. 'tro in fthe'o eration of-the um "totem meansforconduetmg fluid frointhe pump b I p p p i to the engine-cylinder, mea'nslconnecting pressi-fluid under pressure from c the pump to the engine-cylinder, and means forjren- 69. The combination with an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, %f a pump operated by the engine and controlled bythe load thereon, means for supplying fluid under pressure from the pump to the engine-cylinder. means for manually controlling the pressure in the supplymeans, and a valve for rendering the controlling-means inoperative, except when the ressure in the supply-means is sufficient or the operation of the engiue.

70. The combination with an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, of a pump, means controlled by the load for supplying fluid under pressure from the pump to' the engine-cylinder, a valye for manually controlling the pressure in the supplyrneans, and means for rendering said controlling valve inoperative, except when the pressure in the supply-means is suflioient for the operation of the engine.

71. The combination with an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, of a pump, means controlled by the load for supplying fluid under ressure from the pump to the en 'ne-cylinder, a valve for manually contro ling the pressure in the supply-means, and a valve for rendering said controlling-valve inoperative, except when the pressure in the supply-means is sufficient for the operation of the engine.

72;The combination with :an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, of a pump operated by the engine and automaticall controlled by the load thereon, means or supplying fluid under pressure fromthe pump to the engine-cylinder, and means for rendering the controlling-means :inoperative, except when the pressure in the supply-means is sufiicient for the operation of the engine. 1 73. The combination with an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, of a pump operated by the engine and automatically controlled by the load thereon,

means for supplying fluid under. pressure from the pump to the engine-cylinder, means for manually controlling the pressure in the supply-means, and a valve for rendering the controlling-means inoperative, except when the pressure in the supplymeans is sufficient for the operation of the engine.

74. The combination with an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, of a-pump' controlled by the load, means for supplying fluid under pressure from the pump to the engine-cylinder, a valve for manually controlling the pressure in the supply-means, and means for rendering said controlling valve inoperative, except when the pressure in the supply-means is sufiicient for the operation of the engine.

75. The combination with an internal combustion enginecomprising a cylinder, a

means for rendering the ignition means inoperative until the pressure of fluid superation of the engine.

77. The combination With an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, of a pump operated by the engine and controlled by the load thereon; means for supplying fluid under pressure from the pump to the engine-cylinder, ignition means, and means for rendering the ignition means inoperative until the pressure of the fluid supplied to the cylinder is suiiicient for the operation of the engine.

7 8. The combination With an internal combustion engine, of a plurality, of rotary pumps driven by the engine, forming a variable driving connection between the engine and the load, said pumps being connected so that their operation will be varied automatically by and according to the load iniposed upon the engine.

79. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a plurality of rotary pumps driven by the engine, forming a driving connection between the engine and the load, said pumps being connected so that their operation will be varied automatically by and according to the load imposed upon the engine, and means for conducting fluid from the pumps to the engine cylinders.

80. In an internal combustionmotor, engine cylinders, cooperating engine pistons, means for the combustion of charges of air and fuel periodically in the engine cylinders, a driving element driven by the engine pistons, a driven element, a compressor driven by rotation of the driving element with respect to the driven, element, and means for distributing the air compressed by'the compressor to the engine cylinders, and means for throttling the delivery from the compressor to. the engine cylinders.

81. In an internal cpmbustion motor, an internal combustion engine, a driving element driven by the internal combustion engine, a driven-element, a compressor driven by rotation of the driving element with respect to the driven element, means for distributing air from the compressor to the engme cylinders periodically and' means for plied to the cylinder is suflicient for the opreleasing the air from the compressor to the atmosphere.

82. An internal combustion engine, an engine-cylinder, a cooperating piston, means for the combustion charges of air and fuel periodically in the engine cylinder, a driving copies of this patent may be obtained for means for the combustion of charges of air and fuel periodically in the combustion cylinders, a driving element, a driven element, a compressor driven by rotation of the driving element relative to the drivenelement, means for distributing air compressed by the compressor to the'combustion cylinder periodically, and means preventing return flow from the combustion cylinders to the compressor.

EDMUND S. CHURCH.

\Vitnesses: V

HILDEN C. PETERSEN, FRANK W. BEMM.

five cents each, by addressing the "Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G."