US1132621A

US1132621A - Viscosimeter.

Info

Publication number: US1132621A
Application number: US81591814A
Authority: US
Inventors: George M Saybolt
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1914-02-02
Filing date: 1914-02-02
Publication date: 1915-03-23
Anticipated expiration: 1932-03-23

Description

G. M. SAYBOLT.

VISCOSIMETBR.

- APPLIUATION FILED P11112, 1914. 191 n Patented m3112231, 1915.

I 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1. 1 lT l ll G. M. SAYBOLT.

VISCOSIMETER. l l

APPLICATION FILED PEB. 2, 1914.

Patented Mar. 23, v1915.

2 SHEETS-*SHEET 2.

U w V. S m 6 M WIT/VESSES To all 'whom t may concern.'

GEORGE MQsAYBcL'r, or JERSEY or'rY, NEW JERSEY.

`VISCOSIlVlIE'IEliB..

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 2 3, 1915.

Application fplled February 2, 1914. Serial No. 815,918.

Be it known that I, GEORGE M. SAYBOLT, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and resident of Jersey City, county of Hudson, State of New Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement .in Viscosimeters, of which the following is a specication.

My invention relates to an instrument adapted for determining the viscosity of liquids'lsuch as oils, or similar liquids, and

is intended to facilitate 'the accurate determination and comparative viscosity of the various oils or liquids.

The object of my invention is to produce a simple device of this character in which the tube or receptacle for receiving the liquid'whose viscosity it isa desired to obtain, l

' test sample has been run through. 'A fur-v ther object is to provide an efficient centermay be entirely surrounded by a bath fluid maintained at any desired constant temperature. The tubeis of special construction and arranged'so that it can readily ,be filled and the capacity of the tube is such that the same quantity ofliquid can always Y' be used in a test, the top of the tube being arranged to take care of any overflow thus maintaining the constant level or head for,

liquid to be tested. The bath surrounding the tube is protected and covered by `a turntable which is adapted to act as a support for heating appliances both electric and steam or water. The turn-table also is preferably provided with paddles which extend into the bath Huid and are adapted to agitate the iuid and thus distribute the heatso that the bath fluid shall be of uniform temperature throughout. Suitable tubes or other means are set in the turn-table cover for receiving thermometers adapted to give the temperature of the bath fluid, while wooden handles or other insulated devices are attached t'o the cover and extend laterally therefrom so as to oscillate theturni table when desired, thus oscillating the pad- 'dles attached thereto for agitating the bath fluid and distributing the heat therein. l

The several advantages and objects of my invention maybe outlined as follows: The test sample Atube is ofa capacity much less thanuthe. surrounding bath so that the bath medium as well as the tube may be more readily brought to the temperature desired and maintained at such temperature during the test. The sample tube being of small diameter the area`of the sample exposed to theair is very? small and further the overf Aiow enlargement arranged at' the top of the tube automatically adjusts the starting head so that it is always the same for each sample tested. The simple and edective compressed air stopper at the bottom of the tube is adapted to eifectually prevent iow of the liquid from the sample tube through the small orifice in the bottom thereof until the `desired temperature is reached, and the stopper, not coming in contact with the end` isfactorily cleaning out the tube after a' ing device for centering the receptacle in proper alinement under the` nozzle of the sample tube. y

My apparatus is provided with a gas burner in the base ofthe jacket and with a steam or hot (or cold) water pipe-or coil eX- tending from the turn-table cover into the fluid of the bath and is also provided with means for supporting'y an electric heater in v the bath thus equipping the apparatus with facilities'for heating or controlling the temperature of the bath with the greatestamount of ease and accuracy, since it will be understood that either one oi' all of these heating appliances may be used as desired or required. Furthermore while using any'Y one or several of the heating appliances the -turn-'table cover with the paddles attached thereto may be oscillated more 4or less to agitate the fluid and distribute the heat so as to "quickly and accurately bring the test sample to the proper temperature.

One form of my apparatus, adapted to carry out the above objects, is shown in the vaccompanying drawings of which- Figure 1 is a vertical section across a diameter; Fig. 2 is a top plan View of the device; Fig.. 3 is a section substantially at right angles to the section `in Fig. 1 some of the parts being shown in full lines; Fig. 4

is a sectionat f1-4 of Fig. 3 looking toward the base; Fig.' 5 shows the plunger which is adapted to clean out the sample tube when desired, and Fig. 6 represents a constant head apparatus. s

Referring to the drawings 1 represents the jacket or casing of the instrument .which is'Y supported by tripod legs l2 attached thereto in any suitable manner. 'llhe jacket 1s provided with an annular base 3 to which is.

attached a ring burner -1 having an inlet tube 5 et 'the lunsen or any preferred type. ',llhe upper end of the jacket is provided with an annular ring or iange 6 extending inward and adapted to support a bath vessel 7 and leave an annular space between the jacket and bath. '.lhe' bath has an outwardly extending flange at 8 which overlaps the flange 6 of the jacket. rlllhe bath 7 is perforated at the center of its bottom at 9 and has inserted therein an upright concentrically arranged tube 10 secured in the Y opening in the bottom of the bath by a suitable nut 11, the joint between the two being made tightby packing as at 12. rlhe lower end of this tube l0 is adapted to receive a cork 13. which will eflcctually seal the lower end of the tubeair tight. rlthe upperend of 'the tube 10 has restino' on it and secured thereto the lower end ein the test sample tube il which is provided with a nozzle 15 hav-v ing a fine bore, the nozzle extending into 'the upper end of the tube 10, but not being long enough to come into contact with the .cork 13 placed in the end of the tube. (See Fig. l.) T his arrangement forms an ellicient air stopper for the lower end of the sample tube So that the liquid being tested V,cannot flow until the cork 13 iswithdrawn, being sustained by compressing the air in the chamber surrounding the nozzle.y A cord 13 is preferably attached to the cork 13 for quickly withdrawing the same. The upper end oithe tube 14 is provided with an enlargement 16 concentric with the tube and provided with an annular depression or groove 17 surrounding the mouth of the tube so that in lillingthe tube or when insorting a thermometer to take the temperature of -the sample any 'overflow will pass into the enlarged section and when the ther-r mometer is withdrawn the tube will be filled 'from the overflow and the surplus by siphoning or other suitable means may. be

removed` thus leaving the tube exactly full so that the starting head or pressurefor the different samples can always be made the same. i

The bath is preferably filled with paradin oil or other suitable fluid which does not evaporate readily and the vessel is covered by a turn-tablc 18 provided with a central opening through which the enlarged upper end 16 of the tube 1l projects. The turntable 18 is preferably provided with two laterally projecting wooden handles 19 secured to the top in any suitable manner as by the `ll"shaped tubular sockets 20 which in the present inslanee are adapted to receive or permit the insertion therethrough et thermometers into the interior of the bath. .lust below these handles, in the present infused to control the temperature.

' arsenal stance, on each side of the 'turnjtable and depending from the underside thereof, ll have .provided paddles 21 adapted for agitating is adapted to pass, which `in the present in` stance, is shown as U-shaped, but it will be understood that it may be of any desired shape in order to properly conduct 'through the bath fluid, steam, hot or cold water. rl`he ends of the tube Qi are secured to the turn-table 18 in any suitable manner but preferably by elbow ljoints 25 each of which is provided with a tubular extensionv adapted to be connectedv with the Steam or waterl pipes as required. f

The turn-table 18 is preferably provided with an additional opening which is fitted ywith a tubular socket or thiinble 26 which is adapted to receive or support an electric heating device 2'( of the usual or any preferred type. rll`he sides of the depending thimble 2G are perforated so that the electric heating element may come into Contact with the fluid of the bath when the same is An additional hole o r perforation 28 is provided in the turn-table cover., to permit filling or regulating the quantity of fluid in the bath without removing the turn-table. Suitable downwardly projecting 'lugs 2 9 are arranged about the underside of the turn-table cover and serve to center the same on the bath', some ot these flanges being extended radially inward to serve as an attaching support for the paddles 21.. `Below the inbelow the nozzle 15v of the test sample tube' Il. After a test has been made vit is vdesirable that the tube shall be readily andthoroughly cleaned and prepared for vthe next sample and for this purpose il provide a piston 33 having a handle or rod Bt by which means theoperator is enablecil.v to `quickly clean the tube and force out anyrernaining oil or liquid.

M y apparatus may be usedas follows: Set up the instrument on a 'suitable bench or table properly leveling the same, if, required and see that the base ring 30 is n'place so that a flask like 32 may be properly centered. 'llhe hathA vessel is then vtilled with a suitable oil as for instance, pale engine oiloit about 350 to t0()o il?. dash, being'carefull not to till the vesel so full that when the cover is in place, it would overflow. The turn-table itil@ 12ev y Maasai cover 18 is then placed in position and the thermometers inserted in the tubes 20 and supported upon the lower ends by the tubular pocket 22. Then the gas burner is lighted or steamis introduced into the U-tube 24 or, if desired, the electric heater 27 is inserted in the thimble or pocketk 26 v and the bath is brought to the temperature required. yThe oil orother liquid, Whose viscosity it is de? sired to determine is then strained and carefully poured into the testY sample tube 14,

a after the same has been cleaned, by using the plunger 33. Before pouring the oil to be tested into the tube 14 the stopper 13 is carefully inserted in the lower end of the cork stopper inserted in the end of the tube should not be long enough to reach or contact with the lowerl end of the nozzle 15 i since this might injure the tip end of the nozzleor interfere with the proper 'flow of the sample during the timing of the test. When the oil to be tested is pouredl into the tube 14 it is not necessary to be over-careful in filling it exactly full for the overflow will be taken care of in the enlargement 16 and by means of a syringe, pipette or other device the excess oil may be removed before removing the stopper and the tube left exactly full thus obtaining the same head for each sample. The heating or regulating and agitatingof` the Ibath iiuid may then continue and the thermometers read until the temperature desired is obtained, the turnuniformly. lVhen the desired temperature is reached, the thermometer'l` is withdrawn and the surplus liquid removed from the cup 16 and then the stopper 15 is Withdrawn quickly by pulling on the string attached thereto and the oil or other fluid being tested, contained in the tube 14, is permitted to issue in a small jetthrough the nozzle 15 and is adapted to fall into the flask 32 placedin the central opening in the base block, as previouslyl explained. Theask should be graduated or the capacity thereof previously' determined.y n the instrument shown the fiask is preferably of 60 c. c.. capacity up to the mark indicated thereon. At thc -moment the cork 13 is withdrawn a stop watch is started and the time required for the oil or other liquid to flow into the flask until it is filled to the 60 c. c. mark gives the viscosity of the fluid tested. The comparative viscosity of several oils or liquids may thus be rapidly and accuratelywascertained and the viscosity as compared with Water may be found in the usual way; for instance, by dividing the viscosity (in seconds) by- 30, the viscosity as compared with water at 15 C. will be obtained. 4

In operating my apparatus it will readily been seen that by providing the several heating appliances the operator may, by'using all or one or more thereof, quickly obtain the temperature required for the bath and thus facilitate the tests. In some cases it may be desirable to use steam, which, as previously tube and in case the temperature is too indicated, may be passed through the U- high, it will readily be understood that suitsuficiently heat the bath toA give ,the temperature required. As before stated in some cases it may be necessary to use all of the appliances in order to quickly 'bring the bath to the required temperature although under ordinary conditions probably one Will be sufficient.

1t is sometimes desirable to make certain viscosity tests under constant head and for this purpose l have shownv in Fig. 6 an apparatus provided with means for maintaining the liquid in the test sampletube at a constant level. Forthis purpose a reservoir 101 is filled with the same liquid as fills the test sample tube 14. The reservoir is provided with a central outlet opening in the neck 102, the mouth of which is' adapted to be on f a level with the top of the tube l14 the reservoir being supportedy in this position by suitable legs 103 which rest upon the bottom'of the overflow cup 16. In order to permit the oil to .flow freely from the opening 102 Without giving place to entering air, a .separate air tube 104 is provided. `The lower end of the air inlet tube 104 is on the same level as the mouth of 102 and when the test-sample tube- 14 is full both will be sealed. It will be seen however', that as soon as thel level'ot the liquid in 14.gets below the endsof the tubes, liquid will flowl from the reservoir and maintain a. constant head during the test. is' sometimes preferable to lweigh the test quantity of, liquid instead of measuring it, and, if desired, a vessel 105, placed on a suitable scale or balance 106, may be used as indicated in Fig. 6. f

Various modifications y'in the specific forms. shown maybe made withoutdeparting from the spirit of my invention. v.

- l claim: a

1.. In a viscosimeter the combination ofa tube for holding liquid the viscosity of which it is desired' to ascertain, a bath surrounding the same, means for maintaining the bath at any desired temperature, a turntable cover for said bath and means connected therewith the bath.

2. in a viscosimeter the combination bf a tube for holding liquid the viscosity -of which it is desired to ascertain, a bath surrounding the saine, means for maintaining the bath at any desired temperature, a turntable cover for said bath and means depending from said turn-table ladapted to support a thermometer within the bath.

3. In a viscosimeter the combination of al tube for holding liquid, the viscosity ot' which it is desired to ascertain, saidI tube having a constricted lower portion having an outlet or nozzle of fine bore, 'a tube surrounding said nozzle adapted When closed to form an air tight chamber, a bath concentrically arranged about said tubes, a turn-A table cover therefor, means depending from said turn-table for agitating the bath fluld and means for oscillating said turn-table and agitating means.

:L 1n a viscosimeter the combination of a tube for holding liquid, the viscosity of which it is desired to ascertain, a bath concentrically arranged about said tube and supporting the saine, a turn-table cover for said bath provided with a hole through which the upper end of said tube projects, paddles extending into said bath for agitating the bath fluid and means extending outside the bath for oscillating said paddles.'

5. ln a viscosimcter the combination ot' a tube for holding liquid, the viscosity of which it is desired to ascertain, the upper end of said tube being provided with an overliow enlargement permitting uniform filling of the tube, a nozzle on the lower end of said tube, a tubular casing surrounding said nozzle and adapted to be closed to form an air seal for the nozzle and means for centering a flask under said nozzle to receive the discharge therefrom.

G. ln' a. viscosimeter the combination of a tube `t'or holding liquid, the viscosity@ oi which it is desired to ascertain, a bath concentrically arranged about said tube, a turntable cover for said bath, means suspended.

for agitating the Huidv ,of4

. iaaaeai 'with said turn-table for agitating the bath about said tube and provided with a central opening in the bottom, means for securing the tube central of said opening, a jacket surrounding said' bath provided with legs adapted to support the instrument and a base plate between the legs adapted to position a flask below the opening in said tube and bath. i Y

8. lin an article of manufacture a viscosimeter provided with a tube for holding liquid, the viscosity of which it is desired to ascertain, a bath surrounding said tube and adapted to support the same, a turntable cover for said bathwadapted' toL be oscillated, said turn-table serving as a support for means for controlling the temperature of the bath fluid, means for supporting thermometers Within the bath, means for agitating the fluid of the bath and means exterior of the bath for oscillating said turntable.

9. ln an article of' manufacture a vicosimeter comprising a tripod stand supporting a jacket, a bath supported by and spaced from said jacket, a circular gas burner With-` in said jacket and belowsaid bath, a tube forholding liquid, the viscosity of which it is desired to ascertain, arranged axially within said bath and supported thereby, means extending from said tube through the bottom of said bath for forming an air closure vfor said tube, a perforated turntable cover :tor said ,bath said tube extending through the central perforation thereot, said turn-table being adapted'to support means for controlling the temperature of the bath Huid, thermometers for ascertaining the temperatu'repaddles for agitating the bath fluidand handles for oscillating said turn-table as desired.

lln testimony whereof, ll .have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

Geenen M. sariaoiur.

MMD