US1132551A - Mechanism for relieving the teeth of cutters. - Google Patents

Description

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 26, 1911..

Patented Mar. 23, 1915.

4 SHEETSSHE ET l.

' G. BOUILLON MECHANISM FOR RELIEVING THE TEETH OF CUTTEES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 26, 1911 Patented Ma1123, 1915.

4: SHEETS $HEET 2.

0. BOUILLON. ECHANISM FOR RELIEVING THE TEETH 0F OUTTBRS.

Patented Mar.23,1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 26,1311.

O. BOUILLON. MEGHANISM FOR RBLIEVING THE TEETH 0F GUTTBES.

APPLICATION FILEDJUNE 26, 1911. I 1,11. 32,51 Y Patented M1123, 1915.

.4 SHEET$SHEET 4.

WED STATES ra'ranr caro coivs'rnnr fBOUILLON, or TORiRINGTON, CONI\TECTICUT, Assrenon- TO THE HENDEY MACHINE COMPANY, A CORPORATION DIP-CONNECTICUT.

MECHANISM FOR RELIEVING THE TEETH OF CUTTERS.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CONSTANT Torrington, in the county'of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented anew and useful Mechanism for Relieving the Teeth of Cutters, ofnvhich the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to provide a new and improved mechanism for 'relieving or backing off the teeth of taps, dies, hobs, reamers, milling cutters, etc. Cutters of this character require that the teeth shall be backed off behind their cutting edges to relieve the same from contact with the material upon which said cutters are designed to work. These cutters are generally turned in a lathe and it has been'heretofore proposed to provide the lathe with an attachment so'that this backing off operation can .be performed.

-;; My invention, while applicable to any mechanism that may be employed to back ofi' the teeth of cutters of the character described, has been specifically designed as an improvement in the said attachment for lathes. v V The particular objects of the invention are topr vide an improved mechanismv of this character which will be efficient in operation which will allow the lathe to be run in a reverse direction easily and without noise or jar; and to provide a mechanism by which the backing oii action of the tool can be adjusted .very finely.

vention areillustrated in the accompanying foursheets of drawings, referring to which, I

Figure 1 .is a front elevation of an engine lathe .with my attachment applied thereto.

'1 Fig. 2 is a plan of the attachment on enating crank-pin. Figs-5 and 5 are diagrams illustrating difierent adjustments of the .crankpin. Fig. 6 is a detail View of the operating cam-and connections. 7 is a side elevation of the mechanism for adjustmg the relative position of the crank pin.

Fig. 8 is an elevation of the operating shaft and parts carried thereby. Fig. 9 is an end view of the pawl and ratchet'mechanism.

10 a plan View of thesam e. Fig. 11

Several specific embodiments. of the in;

Specification of Letters Patent. Pat nt d 23,1915, Application filed June 26, 1911. Serial No. 635,248.

is a view similar to Fig. 9 illustrating the parts in a dlflerent position. Fig. 13 is an teeth are backed ofi". Fig. l t is a side eleva: tion of a modified form of adjusting mechanism. Fig.' 15 is a side elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 14. Fig. 16. isa' detail of the mechanism shown'in F igsl 14 and 15. Fig. 17 is a side" elevation of a modified cam connection, and Fig. 18. is a side elevation 'of the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 17.

; Referring'first-to the preferred form of mechanism which is shown in the first three sheets ofthe drawings, Adesignates an engine lathe of anyordina'ry or approved con- .structionwhich has the usual headstock, tool is a side elevation of the ratchet. Fig. 12 BoinLLoN,

a citizen of the United States, residing at end elevation of a cutterjndicating 'how'the the tool can be adjusted relatively to the I work and the tool carrier C can slide on the tool block B for the purpose of backing ofl", as hereinafter described.

Secured on the lathe bed in suitablerelar tion to the head-stock is'a bracket 10 (Fig; 2) in which is'journ'aled a sleeve 11, which sleeve is held in place by a nut 12; On the projecting end ofthe sleeve is hung a sweep arm 13 which carries two intermediate gears 14 and 15 which are mounted on studs which can be adjusted in slots cut in the sweep arm 13. These parts are positioned so, that the intermediate gear 15-can. be engaged with a pinion 160 which is detachably se mixed on. the projecting end of the feed or gear shaft in the head-stock. The sweep 13 is provided with an'extension 16 which bears against the extension 17 of thelbracket 10, and a stud 18 having a nut 180 is arranged between these extensionsso that the sweep can belocked in adjusted position. Y

A shaft 19, which I will term the operating shaft, is ournaled in the sleeve 11 and a gear or pinion 20 is detachably secured on the end of the operating shaft 19. The gearing thus far described constitutes a change gearing by which the operating shaft can be rotated by power from the head-stock at different Speeds, depending-on the size and adjustments of the change gearmg.

A casing 21 is formed on the endof the sleeve 11 and a plate 22 is secured to the face thereof. Pins 2323 (Figs. 9; and 12) project from the inside of the casing and pivotally mounted on the same are pawls. 24-24, which are normally pressed inward by neans of springs 2525 secured on'the -onts'ide. of the casing and extending in through slots cut therein. A ratchet wheel. 26 igjkeyed on the. end of the operating shaft 19,;and' held in place thereon by a 'nut'27 whichiis threaded on the shaft 19 and which keptin' adjusted position by a'scre w 28, ;,'Theiratchet wheel 26 has a collar or hub 29 (Fig. 11) on one side which fits insideof the plate 22- and a collar or hub 30 omits. other side which is employed for the purpose hereinafter specified.-- The pawls '24-' '24;are provided with pins 31-31, on which are hung shoes or struts 32-332 which have their inner ends shaped, as shownhto'engage the smooth collar or' hub 30 onthe ratchet wheel 26. The operation of thispawland ratchet mechanism is as follows When the ratchet wheel is turned in the direction to engage the pawls, the shoesor struts 3232 swing out idly, .as shown in Fig. 9; but when the ratchet wheel is turned in the other. direction, so as not todrive the pawls 2424, the ends of the struts will engage the smooth collar 30 and will lift the pawls so that they will not be engaged by the teeth of the ratchet wheel 26, as illus-' trated in Fig. 12. The bearing of the ends of the struts on the hub or collar 30 is nearly all on one side of the line of pressure, and so long as the ratchetwheel is run backward, as shown in Fig. 12,-the struts will remain in place and hold the paw-ls 2424 away from the ratchet wheel 26. But when the motionis reversed, the struts will fall and the pawls will againengage the ratchet.

The casing 2l'is provided with pins 33-33 to control 'themotion of the struts and guide them'tothe position shown in Fig. 12.1 By this arrangement, the objectionable click and noise when the ratchet wheel is running backward is avoided. The gearing is so arranged that the ratchet wheel turns in the direction indicated in Fig. 9 when the work is being turned in the proper direction for thelbacking off action or engagement of the too Y i Acam 35 is keyed on the end of the sleeve 11 and therefore the sleeve and cam, turn when the ratchet wheel turns in the direction shown in Fig. 9- and engages the p'awls. Preferably the ratchet wheel 26. and the cam 35 are given the same number of projections. The bracket 10 is provided with a bearing 36 (Figs. 2, 6 and 7) and journaled in the same is a shaft 37 secured on which, at one clutch or toothed ring 38. By this arrangement, by loosening the nut and washer 40, the angular position of the shaft '37 relatively to the cam lever39 can be adjusted very minutely; and if desired, the clutch rings may be provided with indicating marksfor determining the degree of adjustment. The cam lever 39'is provided at its lower end with a cam shoe 42 which engages the cam 35. This cam shoe may have a stud 43 which extends through the cam lever 39 and i's held in position therein by a nut. 44. The upper end ofthe cam lever 39 is forked as at 45 and these forks engage a plunger 46 between a collar 47 formed on a bushing 48 loosely fitted thereon and nuts and washers '49 adjustably secured on the end of the plun ger. The plunger works in a bearing 50 formed in the bracket 10, and a spring 51 is housed in said bearing and engages the end of the bushing 48 normally to force the upper end'of the cam lever to the right, as shown in Fig. 6. A nut 52 is threaded on the end of the plunger 46 to limit the outward movement of the plunger. By this arrangement, an oscillating movement will be imparted to the shaft 37 by the cam 35.

The outer end of the shaft 37 carries one member 53 (Fig-2) of a univeral joint, pivoted to the block of which is the other member 54 which carries a tube 55 which has a square opening therein. Telescoping in said tube is a square shaft 56 which carries one member 57 of another universal joint, the other member 58 of whichi pivoted to the block thereof and .is secured on the end of a shaft 59 journaled in bearings I 6060 formed on the tool block B. The tool carrier C has a shield'o secured thereto which covers said bearings and contiguous parts.

The shaft 59 is cut away as at 61, as illuscam 35 will be utilized to move the tool car rier and thus the tool inwardly and-out wardly relatively to the work or cutter operated upon. This. willprovid'e for the essary backing ofl of the teeth.

In Fig, 1 of the drawings a tap is shown iao Iiecas being backed off and in F ig'13 the end of this tap isshown and the necessary backing off of the teeth is indicated by the refi ence letter F- The operation is as follows -The cutter, which it is'desired to back off, is first turned to shape, threaded if it is to form a tap, and then'is'flutedor grooved. The cutter is then placed betweenthe centers of the latheandzconnected by any of. the ordinary dogs to turn with the live spindle of the headvstocka Thechange gearing: by which theattachmentlis driven is adjusted and set sothat the tool will begiven the necessary number of movementsv to correspond with the/flutin'g of: the-cutter; If .the cutter has straight flutestthereon' this number of movementszper revolution willconespond to the number of grooves, but if the flutes are cut spirally, the proper'lead will be obtained by a properadjustment of the gearing. The feed orslead screw f the lathe is then caused to move the carriage toward the head-stock as the work: isrotated. As the tool engages the cutter it will move inwardly and out-' wardly in proper time relation therewith to backoff. the teeth properly. On the return movement of. the=carriage, if it is necessary to runthe lathebackward for this purpose, the ratchet wheel will. not engage the pawls and the op'eratingcam will. remain outof operation so that the in-and-out movement of thetool will not take place during the return oh the carriage. This return. will biz-accomplished.noiselessly, by reason of the automatic disengagement of the pawlsfrom the ratchet wheel previously described.

The amount" and-direction. of. the inward travel of'the tool can bedecided by adjusting'the clutch rings, as previouslydescribed, to vary the position Ofi the shaft 37. relativelyto:the cam 'lever so that. the. oscillation of the-crank-pin- 62 takesplace at different angles. For illustration, in F ig.- 5 the-position of tlie camlevel is adjustedzso as to get a small backingoff: movement. of the tool, while in Fig. 5" a different adjustment is arrangedW-hichwill provide for a larger in-and-out movement of the tool.

In Figs. 14, 15 and-16 a modifiedmechanism for adjusting the movement of the tool In this arrangement, the cam is shown. lever 39 is secured on an independent shaft 65 journaled inabearing 66-formedi-on the bracket 10. On the end of this independent shaft is secured a forked lever .67. A slotted lever 660 is secured on the endof the shaft 37 and adjustably secured in said lever is a stud 670 which can be held in position by a I nut 68. The stud 660 carries a roll 69 which engagesthe forked lever 67. By adjusting the position of the stud 670 in the slotted lever 660, the amount of oscillation imparted to the shaft .37 can be varied and hence the backing off movement of the tool can be adjusted.

In Figs. 17 and 18 a modified arrangement is shown for allowing the cam to turn backwardly without operating the cam lever. In this modification, the cam lever is forked at its lower end and a cam shoe 70- is" hinged thereto by means of. a. pin. 71. The cam shoe; is held. in position, shown! in fulhlines :in Fig. 17, by a spring 72iengaging a pin 73 projecting from the-camshoathe othen endof. which spring issecured to the hub of the cam lever. By this arrangement, when the cam -turns in a direction indicated by the arrow, the cam lever-will be oscillated, but when the motion is reversed, the hinged cam-shoe will fold upwardlyand will allow the steep portions of'the cam to pass the same without osoillatingthe cam lever. In this modification the ratchet wheel and pawls are'not employed.

Many other modified mechanisms may be devised for practising my invention without departingfrom the scope thereof as expressed in the claims.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters-Patent is:

1. In a mechanism for relieving or back-v ing off the teeth of cutters, the combination of a tool carrier, means-for moving thesame forward and backward, mechanism for reciprocating the tool carrier during its cutting movement, and. connections in said mechanism arranged so that the same will be inoperative to reciprocate the tool carrier'when said mechanism is-run'ina reverse direction.

2. In a device of the class described, the combination of asliding tool carrier, mechanism for reciprocating the tool carrier duringits cutting movement, including a pawl and ratchet, and means arranged to throw. thepawl out of operation automatically-when the m'echanismis run in a reverse direction, therebypreventing reciprocation of saidtool carrier" 3. In a device of the class described, the combination of a sliding toolcarrier, mechanism for reciprocating the tool carrier during'its cuttingmovement, and means for antomatically rendering said mechanism at times inoperative, said means including a ratchet wheel and a pawl, a hub on the ratchet-wheel, and a strut pivoted to the pawl and mounted to throw the pawl out of operation automatically when the mecha- .nism is run in a reverse direction.

mitting device which is continuously roi inatieally when the driving means is run in.

. ting tatedgin locked engagement duringthe cutmovement, and means arranged w to a th'row the device out of operatiorrauto cthecreverse direction for the return of the e-toolqcarrierr i f 6:111 a mechanism of the class described, the combination of a sliding ,tool carrier,

[means for reciprocating the same during its cutting movement, a mechanism for operat ,ingsa-id means, and means for automatically rendering said mechanism at times inoperative', said means including a driven ratchet sliding tool carrier.

' the combination of a sliding tool carrier,

a shaft connected to reciprocate the tool carrier,an operating cam, and a cam lever adjustably mountedronsaid shaft, relative adjustmentof said lever and shaft being f-Q nected by a link to the tool carrier;

12, 31.11 a mechanism of the class described, the-combination of a sliding tool carrier, a

fective to substantially vary the extent-of the r eciprocatory movement of thesliding tool-'carrierJ f 8'. In a mechanism of-the' class-described,

the combination of asliding toolicarrier, a shaft connected to' reciprocate the same, a

clutch ring 011 1116 shaft, a cam lever mounted on the. shaft and having a clutch ring'for engaging" the clutch ring fast on the 'shaft, means for adjustably securing said clutch rings together whereby the shaft and cam lever may be secured together in different adjusted positions, and an operating cam.

.9. In a mechanism ofthe class described,

the,combination of a tool block, a tool carrier fittedto slide "thereon, a crank-pin connected -bvya linktdthe tool carrier, said crank-pin-beingmounted on a shaft journaled in bearings; carried by the tool block,

means for oscillating-saidshaft,and means direction for the return movement of the 7. In a mechanism of the class described,"

fpradjusting'the angular position of said oscillation, whereby the movement of the tool carrier can bevaried.

-10; lln amechanism of the class described,-

thecombination of a tool block, a tool carrier fitted to slide thereon, ashaft mounted inbearings on the tool block and carrying a crank-pin connected by a linkto the tool carrier, a telescoping connection. to said shaft including universal oints, an operatjrier 'sliding thereon, an operating shaft, i-change gearing for driving the same, a

ratchet'carriedby said shaft, a sleeve surrounding sai'd shaft and carrying pawls,en-

sleeveya pivoted cam lever engaging said cam, a shaft to which said cam lever is adjustably'connected, a shaft mounted in the stools-block, telescoping and universal conshaft-Yconneoted to -reciprocate the same, a slottedlever on the shaft, a cam lever mounted-ta swing on an axis at one side of the shaft a' forked lever fixed with respect to the 'canflever and crossing said slotted lever,

meansi for securing the forked and slotted levers together in difl'erent adjusted posi tions, and 'anoperatingvcam for the cam-- leveri In testimony whereof ll have hereunto set my hand, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

a CONSTANT ouirmon. Ylitnesses': I

F, Munssnmcn, JOHN JACK.P

gaging said ratchet, a cam mounted on said

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