US1128292A - Electric-wave amplifier. - Google Patents

Description

R11. coLPmTs. ELECTRIC WAVE AMPLIFIER.

APPLIOA-TION FILED JAN. 3, 1914.

Patented 11911116, 1915.

i; 'run s'rafrns PATENT ortica.

EDWIN HENRY COLPITTS, 0F EAST. ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T0 WESTERN- ELECTRIC COMPANY, or New vomi, N. Y., a CORPORATION or ILLINOIS.

ELECTRIC-WAVE AMPLIFIERJ lTo all whom t may Concern.'

Be it known that I, EDWIN HENRY CoL- rrr'rs, a subject of the King of Great Brltain, residing at East Orange, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have in vented a certain new and useful Improvement in Electric-Wave Amplifiers, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description.

This invention relates to electric wave repeating apparatus and particularly to the use of vacuum discharge repeaters as exemplified by the so-called audion forl repeating and amplifying in an output-cir cuit wavesV of electric energy received in an input circuit. Its object .is to improve the quality of transmission by producing in the output circuit electric Waves free from distortion with respect to the in ut waves.

The invention is especially use? phone 'and telegraph service for repeating and amplifying alternating. current waves of small magnitude.

The principal parts of an audion element or structure are a heated filament or other source of ionization, an anode usually called a plate, and an intermediate electrode usually called a grid. These are preferably inclosed in an evacuated glass vessel. Characteristic features of the audion are that-current can How in one direction only in the ionized stream, and that the strength of current in the stream flowing from its source to the plate is modified by electrostatic lrather than by electromagnetic vforce as in some other types of gaseous repeaters.

A simple arrangement for using a single audionelement as a repeater is as follows:

the output circuit is connected, one side to p the filament and the other to the plate. Re-

peating coils are preferably employedtothe input and output circuits respectively, and a battery is included in the output circuit in series with the primary winding of the output repeating coil. The audion repeater as thus used, valthough a powerful amplifying agent, does not repeat in the out ut circuit a perfect form reproductiony of t e electric wave received in the input circuit. This is due to the fact that thev space between the filament and thegrid 'has unilateral conductivity. vWhen an "alternating ul in tele- Specltifm 0f Lettt Pft'ent Patented Feb. 16, 191.5. Application med Jannayaim. ser1a1Np.s1o,19e.

potential appliedl between the filamentV l'and the grid, current flows during that part o f each wave cycle in which the grid is positlve, but little or no current flows i-n this -circuit during the other part when the grid is negative. This unsymmetrical action results 1n a'certam amount of distortion in 'the output waves which is avoided, in accordance-with this invention, by employing two audion elements, one'of which operates to repeat the positive parts and the other 4the negative `parts of the input waves. Two

structurally separate elements of the'audion type may be employed or two such elements may be combinedin onestructure for this purpose. i

In the drawings Figure -1 represents a system of circuits including two separate audlon structures combmed 1n .accordance with the-invention; Fig.l 2 represents a system of circuits including two audion elements combinedas a single structure and in such a way as to ut111z`ea common-source of 1on1zat1on; Fig-3 represents a commercial telephone line equipped with one re- The same reference characters are used to designate like parts in the several gures.

Incoming and outgoing conductors to and from the repeating apparatus of this invention are represented in the-several views by the wires 1, 2 terminating in the primary winding 3 of an input repeating coil 4, and the Wires 5, 6 terminating in the secondary winding 7 of an output repeating coil 8 respectively. The secondary winding ofthe `repeating coil 4 is divided into two coils 9 and 10, and the primary winding of the repeating coil 8 is divided similarly into two coils 11 and 12. Two audion elements are combined and included in each of the cirvcluding the primary coils 11 and 12 .of the cuits. They comprise two heated filaments p'eating coil windin repeating coil 8, has included in a common 'portion of it a battery 21. In each of the systems, shown in Figs. 1 to 4, there are employed three classes of circuits exclusive of the incoming and outgoing line circuits. One is the circuit of the heated filaments fed by the battery 19; The second is the ldivided input circuit which includes the coils 9 and 1() of the repeating coil 4, the grids 17 and 18 oppositely connected in said circuit, a portion ofthe ionized stream and the filament or filaments. The third is the divided output circuit which in Fig. 1 includes in the common portion the battery 21 'and in the .divided'p'ortions the heated filaments 13, 14, the ionized streams, the primary coils 11, 12 of the repeating coil 8. In Figs. 2,' 3 and 4 the single {ilanient 13 is in the common portion of this circuit.

In Fig. 3, a telephone line is represented in which one repeating set of two audion elements vmay be employed to provide for commercial two-Way telephonic transmission between two stations 48 and 49. The circuit arrangement is vthe same as that of Figs. 1 and 2 except that the primary winding 3 of the input'repeating coil 4 is divided into four coils, as shown, and its several coils are included serially in the telephone line, while the secondary winding 7 ofy the output re-` 8 is placed in bridge of the telephone line and connected symmetrically with respect tg the several coils of the primary In Fig. 4 are shown two repeating sets A and B to provide, in another way, for com'- mercial two-way service. The telephone line is divided and the two parts separatelybalancedby networks 46 and 47, respectively. The' primary Winding 3 of the inpu't repeat ing coil 4 of the repeater sets is divided into four coils which are included serially in the telephone line extending' between the telephone station 48 and the network 46. In the same way four coils of the primary winding 3l of the repeating coil 4' of'- the other set B are included serially in the line extending between th'e telephone station 49 and the network 47. In'th'e system ofFig. 4, telephonie currents generated at station 48 are 'repeated by the set A and reproduced in tlie line to station' 49, while telephonie currents generated at station' 49' are likewise repeated by the set B' and' reproduced in the liiieuto station' 48.

The` operation isas' .followsz- Telephonie currents orl other elctri'c'current waves iiiceived in the primary winding 3 of 'the input i repeating coil 4, and reproduced by tliecoils V.a 1o of the' Scddaiy winding ih erssf in the 'o curse at die moment' when a wave' is the secondary winding of' the anodes 15, 16, and

35';v The' plates' 15, 16

'incl 'ded 1n said output' circuiti, an

comprising divided 'ized stream' included ineach Voutput circuit, and electrodes, one 1n each 'cmpr'siiig input and iiput circuit; Acanyinstantoftims,except' 4'tit'cr vacuum' discharge repeater elements y passing the point of zero current flow, there will be positive potential impressed on one of thegrids, say 17 ,y and a 4corresponding negative potential impressed on the other grid, 18. As current can fow between the heated filament and the grid of either audion elementronly when the grid is at positive potential with respect to the filament, the effecton' the current in the ionized stream flowingbetween the filament and plate will be different in the two audion' elements. The grid, which .is :for the moment positive, will materially alter the flow of .current in the stream -in which grid, which at the same moment is negative,

ywill have little or no effect. Afs the electric current 'wave progresses in the input circuit, the potential conditions on th'e1 two grids become reversed so that the negative portion' of the wave (assuming the other portionconsidere'd to have been positive) will berepeated ldue to positive potential on the previously ineffective grid. Thus every variation in current produced by the input waves is repeated by on'e or the other of the two audion elements.

Af suitable structure for the two audion elements when combined in one is shownl in Figs. 3 and 4, wherein the -filz'unent 13 is supported from one end of the glass bulb or vessel 34, the' leading-in wires to the lament b'eing connected to the tip and sleeve terminals respectively of an ordinary lamp socket plug 44. The two' grids 17, 18 and two plates 15, 16 are supported at the other end of the vessel and held in' their proper positions by a'forked glass support 35. The upper ends of the gri'ds are attached by means of short wires 36, 37 to theupper ends of the support are centrally supported by' bo'w shaped: wires 38, 39 respectively. liea'ding-in'wire's 40, 41, 42 and 43 are providedfor connecting the grids and plates in circuit, and the portions of'E these wires on the inside of' trie 'vessel' port.

What is claimd is: v1'. electric wave-repeating apparatus coinprising'divided'input' and divided output circuits, means for producing two ionized: streams, said streamsbeing oppositely two electrodes for controlling said ionized streams respectively and oppositely connetted in said input circuit.

2.'- An' electricA wave repeating apparatus input' and divided outputI circuits, means for producingv an iondivis'ionof said divisionof said input circuit for controlling' said'L ionized* streams respectively.

3; itin electric wavel repeating apparatus output' circuits and it is interposed, but' the' 34 aid in their supoppositely connected in saidl circuits, whereby 'the positive and. negative portions .of-

electric waves in said input.- circuit are repeated by said repeater tively in said output circuit.,A .A

` 4. In an electncwave repeating apparatus,'the combination withinput and output circuits, of two vacuumdischarge repeater elements oppositely connected in said circuits whereb'y one of said elements is adapted to repeat certain parts', and the other, the remaining parts of said input waves.

5, In an electric wave repeating apparay tus,'the combination of two repeating elements comprising ionizing means, an anode and an input electrode or each said element, an `input repeating coil the secondary winding of which is connected at anintermediate point to said ionizing means and at its opposite terminals to4 said input electrodes respectively.

6. In an electric waverepeating appara-- tus, the combination of two repeating elements comprising ionizing anode and an input electrode for each said element,` an input repeating coil and an. out- 'put repeating coil, the secondary of, said input repeating coil divide elements4 respec- Y,

, terminals of sai means and an and .the .di'visins ce 'etwa to Said input' electrodes respectively, and the primaryv repeating. elements respectively. .In an electric l wave repeating apparatus, 'the combination with input and `output a0v winding of said Outputrepeating coil bein i divided and the divlsions connected to sai asl circuits and a repeating coil .in each-of .said l connected to said anodes'respectively. I

In witness whereof,.I hereunto subscribe my name this 31st dayl of .December D.,

EDWIN HENRY COLIITIS.y Witnesses: u s

' NoNAisr E. TU'rnlLn,

Amon'IIAz r each said element, and two in- -circuits, of two repeating elements together v I 'put electrodes res ectlvely, and the opposite primaryv Vwinding being:

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