US1127772A

US1127772A - Internal-combustion engine.

Info

Publication number: US1127772A
Application number: US73962113A
Authority: US
Inventors: Hugo Junkers
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1913-01-02
Filing date: 1913-01-02
Publication date: 1915-02-09
Anticipated expiration: 1932-02-09

Description

Patented Feb. 9, 1915,

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2 SHEETSSHEVET 1.

I Jnventor 74 Witn in H. JUNKERS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

L -mains substantially at rest.

'NITE HUGO JUNKERS, OF AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, G EIr u ANY.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Huoo' JUNKERS, a subject of the King of Prussia, residing at No. 68 Bismarckstrasse, AiX-la-Chapelle, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Empire of Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. I

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and particularly to the method of and means forintroducingfuel into the cylinder of such an engine. The invention is of special utility in internal combustion engines employing crude oil as the fuel and having two pistons reciprocating in opposite directions in a cylinder.

In internal combustion engines as here-' two oppositely reciprocating pistons with which it has been the practice to inject the fuel into the middle of the spacewithin the cylinder and between the adjacent ends of the pistons. This is explained, I believe, by the fact that in operating such an engine the air compressed between the two pistons follows the pistons as they more away from each otherto the same degree in both directions, so'that the air in the middle of the space. into which the fuel was injected. re-

The imperfect consumption of fuel within the cylinder not only. results in decreased power, but also causes choking of the fuel-injecting nozzles, as the residue of the partially consumed .fuel becomes deposited upon the surroundmg walls particularly 1n the openings in: the in ecting nozzle where the air is insuflicient to cause its consumption. In accordance with the present invention, these objectionable features of internal combustion engines as heretofore constructed are overcome by the injection of the fuel into the cylinder at a plurality of points which are spaced apart in the direction of the length of the cylinder. Preferably, the fuel is injected into the space within the cylinder be- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 9, 1915.

Application filed January 2,1913. Serial No. 739,621.

tween the adjacent ends of the pistons at equal distances on opposite sides of the center of that space. I prefer to inject the fuel as near as possible to the adjacent ends of the pistons when the latter are in their innermost positions, forby this arrangement I attain several important advantages. If the fuel is injected in the form of thin sheets or layers close to the ends of the pistons, a body of compressed air lies between the two sheets of fuel; when the pistons move outwardly, this compressed air follows them.

and in doing so, it must pass through the- .sheets of fuel so that the air and fuel become thoroughly mixed. As the pistons continue their outward movement the carbon dioxid, which is generated as the fuel is consumed, remains close to and moves outwardly with thepistons so that it will not interfere with the consumption of the fuel injected into the,

cylinder during the next cycle of operations. Furthermore, in somecases I prefer to provide a plurality of fuel-injecting nozzles spaced apart in the direction ofthe length of the cylinder and so arranged that the fuel injected'thereby is directed not exactly towardithe center of the cylinder, but along the line of chords, whereby the mixture of fuel and air within the cylinder is given a spiral or circular motion and more thorough mixing of the air and fuel is effected.

The preferredflembodiinent of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figures 1 and 2 are longitudinal and transverse sections of a portion of a gas ,en-

gine; Figs. 3 and 4: are similar views showing a different arrangement of the nozzles;

Figs. 5 and 6 are views similar to Figs; 1

and 2 illustrating a further modificationof the arrangementof the nozzles; Figs. 7 and S are detail views showing constructions which maybe employed in the nozzle shown in Fig. 5; Figs. 9 and l0 are views. similar to Figs. 1 and 2 showing a single nozzle arranged for introducing the fuel in two sheets, and Figs. 11, 12 and Bare views on %n enlarged scale of the nozzle shown in fieferring first to Figs. 1 and 2, the cylinder 1 is provided with a cooling jacket 2 and within the cylinder are two pistons 3 and 4 which are adapted to reciprocate in opposite directions. In Fig. 1, the two pistons are shownin their innermost position, and it'will be noted that there is free space within the cylinder between the adjacent ends of the two pistons. Two

nozzles

5 and 6 are provided projecting through the walls of the cylinder 1 and its jacket. In Figs. 1 and 2, the two nozzles are shown as displaced in the direction of the axis of the cylinder. They are located at equal distances on opposite sides of the center of the space between the two pistons. Also, the two nozzles are shown as-located on opposite sides of the cylinder. The outlets from the nozzles are arranged to spread the fuel issuing therefrom in the form of thin sheets, as is indicated in the drawings. These two sheets of fueL-lie close to the ends of the pistons 3 and 4, and between them is a body of compressed air of substantial size.

In Figs. 3 and 4, three

nozzles

8,9 and 10 are provided projecting through the cylinder walls 7 and into the space between the pietons. These nozzles. are displaced .in the di:

- air within the cylinder to take up a circularmotion. The production of this circular movement of the air and fuel within the cylinder 'is assistedby arranging the nozzles at l .a sl ght inclination to'the axis of the cylinder. 1

In Figs. 5 to 8, a different arrangement ofthe'nozzle is shown. This nozzle projects to the center of the space within the cvlinder and between the pistons and is provided with two outlets or sets of outlets on opposite sides thereof, which outlets inject the fuel into the vcvlinder-in the form of two lavers, the fuel of each layer being directed radially outward. In Fig. 5, 11 indicates the cylin-' der, 12 the nozzle, and 13 and 14 the'outlets from this nozzle. These outlets direct layers of fuel 15 and 16 radially outward close to the faces'of the pistons 17 and 18.

In Fig. 7, a valve is shown at. 19 controlling the flow .of fuel into a passageway 20 in the end of the nozzle. 12, from which passagethe fuel passes into the chambers 21. Each of these chambers is provided with amultiplicity of small openings 22 disposed in a plane transversely of the cylinder. In Fig. 8, theend 27 of the nozzle is provided with a T shaped duct 24 into which the fuel is forced past the valve23. and from the end of this duct radial holes 25 lead to a circular channel 26 from which the fuel is passed through a'thin radial slot into the cylinder. Nozzles ofthe character herein indicated are 'cooledto a certain degree by being passed through the cooling jacket of the cylinder,

but for machines operated by crude oil, I I

have found it desirable to provide additional means for cooling the nozzle. For this purpose I employ a circulation of cooling water and lead thiswater into the extreme end of the nozzle. Such a construction is shownin Figs. 11 and 13. These figures, together with Figs. 9 and 12, also show another advantageous feature consisting in arranging one nozzle to inject the two separated sheets of fuel into the cylinder. The cylinder is shown at 28 and the pistons at 29 and 30, these pistons being arranged to reciprocate in opposite directions. The end 32 of the nozzle 31 projects into the space within the cylinder between the adjacent ends of the two pistons. The fuel 33 is fed into the chamber of'the nozzle 31 and is forced past the valve 3-1 into a divided passage 35 which leads to outlets 36 and 37 spaced apart lengthwise of the cylinder. The outlet at the right of Figs. 12 and 13 is shown as consisting of a plurality of small holes arranged in line, while that at the left is shown as consisting of a narrow slot. In order to provide for coolinr. the nozzle, and particularly for cooling the portion thereof which projects into the cylinder, the nozzle is provided with a bore or passage 38 which ex tends around the passage 35 for the fuel and cooling water is carried to and from the passage 38 by

ducts

39 and 40.' The cooling water may be water taken from the jacket of the cylinder, or it may be fresh cold water fed directly into the nozzle.

In all of the several forms of my invention herein illustrated and described, it will be seen that the fuel is injected into the .space'within the cylinder and between the adjacent ends of the two pistons in theiform "of sheets or layers which are separated in the direction of the length of the cylinder so that a body of compressed air is inclosed between the two or more layers of fuel. As

before indicated tliese layers of fuel are preferably arranged to lie close to the ends of the pistons when the latter are in their innermost positions, as a result of which a more thorough mixing of the air and fuel takes place during the outward movement of the pistons.

What I claim is: Y

1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder structure, two pistons therein reciprocating lengthwise of the cylinder in opposite directions and having the space between them forming an explosion chamber common tothe two pistons, and means for introducing fuel into said explosion chamber in two sheets substantially transverse to the cylinder structure and spaced apart in the direction of the length thereof; substantially as described.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a

cylinder, two pistons reciprocating therein Ill-5 of the cylinder; substantially as described.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, two pistons re ciprocating therein in opposite directions,

there being free space within the cylinder.

between the adjacent ends of the pistons, and means for introducing fuel into the cylinder in two sheets substantially transverse to the cylinder at opposite sides of the center of the space between adjacent ends of the pistons; substantially as described.

4. Inan internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder structure, two pistons therein reciprocating lengthwise of the cylinder in opposite directions and having the space between them forming an explosion chamber common to the two pistons, and means for introducing fuel into the cylinder at two points located on opposite sides of the center of the space between the adjacent ends of the pistons;'substantially as described.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder structure, two pistons reciprocating therein in opposite directions and having the space between them forming an explosion chamber common to the two pistons, and means for introducing fuel into said explosion chamber in the direction of chords of the cylinder structure and at points spaced apart in the direction of the length of the cylinder structure; substantially as described.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, two pistons reciprocating therein in opposite directions, there being free space within the cylinder between the adjacent ends of the pistons, and means for introducing fuel into the cyl-- inder in two sheets located substantially transverse to the cylinder at opposite sides of the center of the space between adj acent ends of the pistons and in the direction of chords of the cylinder; substantially as described.

7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, two pistons reciprocating therein in opposite directions, there being free space within the cylinder between the adjacent ends of the pistons, a single nozzle projecting through the wall of the cylinder and into said space, and two outlets from said nozzle spaced apart lengthwise of the cylinder and elongated crosswiseof the cylinder for introducing the fuel in the form of two substantially parallel sheets; substantially as described.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, twopistons reciprocating therein in opposite directions, there being free space within the cylinder between the adjacent ends of the pistons, two nozzles projecting through the wall of the cylinder and into said space and spaced apart lengthwise of the cylinder and passages for a cooling medium formed in said nozzles adi cent to the outlet ends thereof; substantial y as described.

In testimony thereof -I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HUGO JUNKERS.