US11255776B2 - Laser sensor for trace gas detection - Google Patents
Laser sensor for trace gas detection Download PDFInfo
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- US11255776B2 US11255776B2 US15/987,779 US201815987779A US11255776B2 US 11255776 B2 US11255776 B2 US 11255776B2 US 201815987779 A US201815987779 A US 201815987779A US 11255776 B2 US11255776 B2 US 11255776B2
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- optical loss
- loss data
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- determining
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/42—Absorption spectrometry; Double beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J2003/2866—Markers; Calibrating of scan
- G01J2003/2869—Background correcting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/42—Absorption spectrometry; Double beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry
- G01J2003/423—Spectral arrangements using lasers, e.g. tunable
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/12—Circuits of general importance; Signal processing
- G01N2201/124—Sensitivity
- G01N2201/1248—Validating from signal shape, slope, peak
Definitions
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an example process for filtering optical loss data using an iterative technique to remove optical loss data outliers using a spectroscopy system according to some embodiments.
- the light source 105 may emit light into the target volume 115 .
- the light may be reflected back and forth within the target volume 115 a number of times, N, such as, for example, N>10,000 as its light intensity decays in the target volume 115 .
- N such as, for example, N>10,000 as its light intensity decays in the target volume 115 .
- the light may have an effective path length that is approximately N times the path length of the target volume 115 .
- the long effective path length allows for sensitive detection. In CRDS, for example, the detection is via measurement of the decay time of light within the target volume, where the 1/e time is termed the ring-down time.
- Some embodiments may be used for measurement of gas concentrations in the atmosphere (e.g., methane and ethane) as a function of height in the atmosphere with conventional aircraft or UAVs for comparison against column LIDAR measurements.
- gas concentrations in the atmosphere e.g., methane and ethane
- a spectral curve may be fit with the optical loss data using any number of curve fitting techniques.
- a spectral curve may be fit with the filtered optical loss data using any type of regression algorithm, least squares fit algorithm, Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm etc.
- the filtered optical loss data may be fit with a Gaussian function, a Lorentzian function, a Voigt function, or a sum of the aforementioned functions via regression methods.
Abstract
Description
αext =∫N(D p)σext dD p,
where N is the number of particles per unit volume with mean diameter Dp, and extinction cross section σext, dependent on the laser frequency, complex refractive index and morphology of the particle. This equation assumes a single species of aerosol composition. If different compositions are present then the contributions from each may be separately found. Given the unknown and varying nature of the aerosol distributions in a sample such as, for example, ambient air, this equation cannot generally be used for a priori calculation. The magnitude of the optical extinction provided by the aerosols may depend on the laser wavelength and the air sample (e.g., pristine air versus polluted air). For typical conditions, for example, the aerosol extinction coefficients may have a value in the range of ˜10−8-10−7 cm−1 (for 532 nm light). This level of extinction may be far larger than the sensitivity level of some spectroscopy systems meaning, for example, it can be readily detected. This optical extinction may be filtered out of the sampled optical loss data in order to retrieve concentrations not affected by the optical extinction of these aerosols.
where τ(v) is the 1/e time of decay (or the ring down time), l is the target volume length, c is the speed of light, k(v)l is the absorbance of the sample within the
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US15/987,779 US11255776B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2018-05-23 | Laser sensor for trace gas detection |
US17/381,083 US20210349013A1 (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2021-07-20 | Laser sensor for trace gas detection |
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US201462066684P | 2014-10-21 | 2014-10-21 | |
PCT/US2015/056495 WO2016064897A1 (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2015-10-20 | Laser sensor for trace gas detection |
US15/987,779 US11255776B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2018-05-23 | Laser sensor for trace gas detection |
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PCT/US2015/056495 Division WO2016064897A1 (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2015-10-20 | Laser sensor for trace gas detection |
US15/520,051 Division US10241037B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2015-10-20 | Laser sensor for trace gas detection |
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US17/381,083 Division US20210349013A1 (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2021-07-20 | Laser sensor for trace gas detection |
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US20180266943A1 US20180266943A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
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US17/381,083 Abandoned US20210349013A1 (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2021-07-20 | Laser sensor for trace gas detection |
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US15/520,051 Active US10241037B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2015-10-20 | Laser sensor for trace gas detection |
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Country Status (3)
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US (3) | US10241037B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2965328A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016064897A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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RU2798736C1 (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-06-23 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" | Laser sensor for detecting carbon dioxide |
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WO2017040848A1 (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2017-03-09 | California Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for the spectroscopic detection of low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide gas |
US10895528B2 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2021-01-19 | Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche—Cnr | Method for measuring the concentration of trace gases by SCAR spectroscopy |
US10527412B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 | 2020-01-07 | Bridger Photonics, Inc. | Gas-mapping 3D imager measurement techniques and method of data processing |
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US11112308B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2021-09-07 | Bridger Photonics, Inc. | Apparatuses and methods for anomalous gas concentration detection |
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US11385352B2 (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2022-07-12 | Lyft, Inc. | Tunable LiDAR for simultaneous ranging and environmental monitoring |
US10976245B2 (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2021-04-13 | MultiSensor Scientific, Inc. | Systems and methods for leak monitoring via measurement of optical absorption using tailored reflector installments |
US11035789B2 (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2021-06-15 | Picomole Inc. | Cavity ring-down spectroscopy system and method of modulating a light beam therein |
CN112326597A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-05 | 河北地质大学 | Gas concentration absorption function reconstruction method, electronic device, and medium |
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US20230184662A1 (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-06-15 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Optical measurement apparatus and optical measurement method |
CN115931759B (en) * | 2023-03-15 | 2023-05-23 | 浙江新寰科环保科技股份有限公司 | Analysis system and method for flue gas emission |
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2015
- 2015-10-20 US US15/520,051 patent/US10241037B2/en active Active
- 2015-10-20 CA CA2965328A patent/CA2965328A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-10-20 WO PCT/US2015/056495 patent/WO2016064897A1/en active Application Filing
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2018
- 2018-05-23 US US15/987,779 patent/US11255776B2/en active Active
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2021
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RU2798736C1 (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-06-23 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет" | Laser sensor for detecting carbon dioxide |
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WO2016064897A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
CA2965328A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
US20170336320A1 (en) | 2017-11-23 |
US20210349013A1 (en) | 2021-11-11 |
US20180266943A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
US10241037B2 (en) | 2019-03-26 |
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