US1117005A - Evaporator. - Google Patents

Description

F. M. DE BEER S.

BVAPDRATOR.

APPpIcAnoN FILED JULY 19, 1913 1,117,005, Patented N0v.10,1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

P. M. DE BEERS. EVAPORA'I'OR.

APPLICATION FILED-JULY 19, 1913. 1 1 1 7,005.

Patented Nov. 10, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

0000000 oono oooc F. M. DE BEERS.

EVAPORATORJ APPLIQATION FILED JULY 19, 1913- Patented Nov. 10, 1914.

4 SHBETS-SHEET 4.

w w v e 8 m n M 7 w m A 4 FRANKLIN M. m: BEERS, O1 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

EVAPORATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 10, 1914.

Application filed July 19, 1913. Serial 110. 779,914.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANKLIN M. on Balms, a citizen of the United States, reslding at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Evaporators, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in evaporators and has for its general object to provide an improved construction of leadlined evaporator for the treatment of materials or liquors which will attack iron, copper, or metals other than lead.

Heretofore efforts have been made to provide lead-lined evaporators, but such efforts have resulted, to the best of my knowledge, only in the production of structures which are very expensive of manufacture or unsatisfactory in use. One of the factors to be considered in the construction of evaporators of the class to which my invention is particularly a plicable, is the requisite maintenance 0 a vacuum tendency, or less than atmospheric pressure within the evaporator. In efforts heretofore made to line eva-porators with sheet lead this fact has caused trouble in that under the vacuum tendency existing within the evaporator the lead often manifests a tendency to separate from the supporting iron, to the ultimate destruction of the integrity of the leadcoating. Effort has been made to overcome this difiiculty by channeling the rear surface of the lead, or the supporting iron, with a view of maintaining, throughout parts of the structure, the same sub-atmospheric pressure on both sides of the lead, but this is manifestly expensive, difiicult, and not particularly efiicacious, and furthermore the weight of the lead sheets causes themin time to sag.

and break. Some efforts have been made toward providing evaporators with lead sociated with its ferrous reinforcing or foundation structure as to form substantially a mechanical unit therewith, free from the disadvantages heretofore referred vto, and capable of being made at relatively small expense.

In the drawings wherein I have illustrated an embodiment of my invention Figure 1 is a side elevation, with parts broken away, of an evaporator constructed in accordance with the teachings of my invention. Fig. 2 is an end elevation thereof with parts broken away. Fig. 3 is a section on line 3-3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a vertical section on line 4-4 of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a vertical section on line 55 of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a vertical longitudinal section on line 6-6 of Fig. 2'; Fi 7 is a transverse section on line 7-7 0 Fig. 1 and Fig.8 is a sectional detail on line 8-8 ofvFig. 2. Fig. 9 is a sectional detail on line 99 of Fig. 2'. In the drawings the evaporator is shown as of a horizontal vapor tube type, consisting in general of a shell 10'comprising side members 1111, top and bottom members 12 and 12', usually arched, and end members 13, all appropriately connected. The general nature of such an evaporator is well.

understood, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that 15 and 15Zrepresent the steam or vapor chests connected to the opposite end members and respectively provi ed with usual inlet 16 and outlet 16', said chests communicating with each other through the horizontal tubes 17 which extend through the end walls of the shell proper andare usually secured to tube plates 18 in groups of four.

19 represents the liquor outlet, and 20 the vapor outlet, these two communicating with the interior of the shell through the bottom arch 12 and to arch 12 respectively.

21 indicates t e usual man hole construction in the lower part of the rear end wall,

and 22 the customary peep hole structures let' into the end walls.

All of the-parts exposed interiorly in the shell should be lead surfaced for protection against the action of the liquor, and I will therefore describe in detail an embodiment 11 I preferably employ a plurality of oblong plates 25 each comprising an apertured ferrous foundation with appropriate reinforcements, and a lead covering for the foundation. Specifically each plate preferably comprises a rectangular border frame consisting of end members 26 and top and bottom members 27, each made of angle iron with one leg lying parallel with the face of the completed plate and the other forming an edge-flange extending at ri ht angles thereto, these two limbs constituting what I may term the face leg and the edge leg. Such border frame is preferably braced 1n the direction of its narrower dimension, by braces 28, which are preferably T-irons, riveted to the frame members 27 with their heads formed to lie in the same plane with the face legs of the frame, and their central limbs constituting outwardly projecting ribs, preferably extending to the same distance outwardly as the edge legs of the border frame.

To the face members of the frame and braces is riveted an apertured ferrous foundation plate 30, preferably continuous throughout the plate-unit and formed of sheet steel or other adequatel stron material, provided, throughout su stantia y its entire surface exposed between the frame members, with suitable perforations 31 at short intervals. Other forms of apertured foundation might leased to more or less advantage. Upon this foundation I cast a 35 body of lead, preferably an antimonial allo in which, in practice, the antimony may a vantageously amount to say 3 per cent. of the composition, to give to the alloy considerable hardness and strength, said lead covering, as indicated at 33, extending over the entire interior surfaces of plate, through the perforations 31 and over and around, preferably completely to embed, the ed e flanges of the foundation frame, so that t e foundation is entirely covered inside and substantiall covered outside with the lead which bon s through the apertures 31 integrally to unite the inner and outer layers of the lead. Y In molding such coverings on so the foundation I prefer that fillets 33' of lead shall extend partway up the projecting. ribs of the T-bars 28, and I prefer that the portions of the reinforcing irons embedded in the lead covering shall be perforated to some extent so that lead. covering may bond therethroulgh. Such construction makes a substantia y inseparable union between the reinforcing foundation and the lead, .at-

many points, and the lead, particularlyif it be of an antimonial alloy, is adequately strong and durable to withstand all requirements of use.

As best shown in Fig. 4 the relatively narrow, 10 plates from which I construct the side wal are secured together by bolts 35 taking through the edge flanges of the frame members 27, the confronting and contacting lead bodies which cover said flanges insuring air tight connection between plates when the bolts are drawn up. To

prevent the bolt heads and nuts from sink-' ing into the lead I preferably provide along each bolt-receiving surface of the plate pressure-distributing means for receiving the bolt heads and nuts, such means preferably taking the form of continuous iron strips 36 each suitably apertured for the reception of a plurality of bolts, the strips, of course, being divided into lengths appropriate to accommodate any interrupting projections such as the ribs formed by the T iron 28.

The upper and lower arches forming the roof and bottom of the structure may be made substantially alike, and each is shown as providing at its two ends arcuate frame members 40 of angle iron, each having its edge flange or leg curved in a plane parallel with the end lane of the structure and having its face eg bowed on the appropriate arch. The feet, or lower end of these extreme arches 40 are connected together by longitudinal angle iron 41 each having an outwardly extending edge limb and having its face limb extendin along the arch, so completing a border ame for the arch. Arched T-bars 42, each with its central rib extending outwardly, are secured to the edge members 41 at relatively short intervals, preferably on centers about half as far apart as are the reinforcing T-bars of the side plates, each such arched'T-bar preferably having in its several limbs appropriate apertures through which the lead covering may .bond.

On acount of the inherent strength of the arch formation, the strength of 'a suitable lead alloy, and the closeness of spacing of the reinforcing T-bars, I am able to dispense with the erforated foundation-plate in-the roof andh ribbed frame directly in a lead wall which covers the edge frame completely, inside and out, invests the heads of all of the T- bars, and preferably extends in fillets up the ribs'formed by t as best shown in Fig. 6.

ottom structures, and I mold the e stems of said T-bars,

To provide for the connection of-the out- I let ducts- 19 or 20, or the formation of other suitable apertures in the top or bottom arches, I preferably employ the construction illustrated in Fig. 7 where 45 indicates a metallic foundation of a connection neckf orrim having a base flange 45' which is riveted to the extremities of any T-bars 42 which it magmintercept, said rim/45 ha suitable bon g apertures made therein being molded, together with the frame skel eton which carries it, in the: lead body preferably so that it is in inside out in the lead, and so that the lead extends ,over the upper end of the part 45 to form a.

compressible seat for the piping to be connected thereto. Y

It will be understood that the horizontal edge limbs of arch-frame members 41 are bolted to the contiguous edge flanges of the side walls by; bolts 36, .in the same manner heretofore described with respect to the connection of the unit plates of the side walls.

Owing to the fact that only the lower portions of the end wall are perforated to support the pipes or tubes 17 I prefer that the pipe supporting portion of the end wall be made in one section and the upper portion of the wall in a separate section. Specifically each lower section 13 is preferably made of a foundation plate 30 having thereintube receiving apertures 47 larger than the diameter of the lead covered tubes 17, said plate also being perforated, in the same manner as the side wall plates, throughout the portions thereof which lie above and below the tube receiving area and said plate being provided at its upper edge with an angle iron 48 having an outwardly projecting edge flange. The vapor chest 15 attached to the end plate, and the connection of the end plate structure to the side wall, gives adequate strength to dispense with further reinforcing. As shown in Fig. 8, the plate 30 is molded in its lead covering, inside and out, the lead being allowed to cover the edges of the apertures 47 to such extent that a lead packing is interposed between the lead covered tube 17 and the ferrous foundation plate 30.

The upper section 13 of each end plate is provided with an apertured foundation plate 30 having on its lower edge an angle iron 48 and it is preferably transversely braced by T irons 4:9 bolted thereto, the whole being covered with lead layers bonding through the apertures in the manner heretofore described. The lead covered abutting flanges formed by the angle iron 4:8 and 48 are bolted together, as at 36, and bolts 36 taking through the erimeter of the end plates 13 and 13" an into the end flanges of the arch members and side members complete the union of the shell members.

; For carrying the shell, suitable feet 50 may be bolted to the ribs 42 of the bottom arch so that the same may be mounted upon suitable supports 51.

able apertures 55 may in the ferrous-foundation. These struts are of suflicient length to span the interior of the structure lengthwlse or crosswise as the case may be, and

. each strut is detachably positioned in cleats 56. Each such cleat structure, as best shown in Figs. 3 and 5, consist of a U shape foundation strap 57, of iron bolted to the foundation plate at a point where the latter receives support from one of its braces, the cleat foundation being completely invested in lead in the molding operation and the clearance between its lead-covered legs being just sufficient to receive the lead covered rib of the T bar, so that the head of the T bar rests on the edges of the projecting limbs of the cleats. 1

While I have herein described in some detail a particular embodiment of my invention for purposes of full disclosure, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous changes in structural details of ar rangement might be made Without departure from the spirit of my invention and within the scope of the appended claims.

Having described my invention, what I claim is:

1. An evaporator structure providing a shell wall consisting of an apertured ferrous foundation having angle-ironf-edge strips, and a lead covering therefor, said covering constituting the entire interior surface and part of the exterior surface thereof, comletely investing the edge-strips and-bonding through the openings.

2. In an evaporator, a shell comprising a plurality of sections, each consisting of a ferrous foundation having openings therethrough and having flat edge portions disposed to confront all of the contlguous members when the sections are, assembled, and

a lead body constituting the entire interior 'surface of each section and part of its ex terior surface and bonding through the openings in the foundation, said. lead-body extending continuously from the interior covering to a bonded portion of the exterior lead covering and so completely investing the ed e; said sections being secured together Wltl'l' a lead-covered edge portion of each receiving in contact therewith a lead covered portion of the adjoining sections 3. A plate for lead lined evaporators comprising an apertured ferrous foundation plate, apertured ribs secured to said plate at intervals between its ends and extending outwardly therefrom, and a lead body covering the inside and outside exposed portions of said ferrous plate and bonding through the apertures therein and through the rib-apertures; I

4. A plate for lead lined evaporators comprising an apertured ferrous foundation plate, a border frame therefor, ribs secured to said plate and extending outwardly therefrom, and a body of antimonial lead covering the inside and outside exposed portions of said ferrous plate and bonding through the apertures therein.

5. In an evaporator, a shell comprising a plurality of sections forming end walls, side walls and top and bottom walls, one of which is arched, said arched wall comprising an arched edge frame, of ferrous material, ribs of ferrous material connecting opposed portions of said edge frame, anda body of lead uniting said frame members and ribs and constituting the interior and exterior surfaces of the structure, said lead body being solid between the ribs.

6. In an evaporator, a shell comprising a plurality of sections forming end walls, side walls and top and bottom walls, one of which is arched, said arched wall comprising an arched edge frame, of ferrous material, ribs of ferrous material connecting opposed portions of said edge frame and a body of antimonial lead uniting said frame members and ribs and constituting the interior and exterior surfaces of the structure, said lead body being solid between the ribs.

7. In an evaporator, a shell comprising side members, top and bottom members, and end members, each said member comprising a'ferrous foundation having apertures therein and a lead body constituting the exposed surfaces interiorly and exteriorly cast on said foundation and bonding through the' apertures therein, the contiguous edges of all of the members being lead invested continuously from the interior surface to the exterior surface, and secured together lead to lead.

8. A plate for a lead lined evaporator comprismg in combination an apertured ferrous foundation-plate, edge frame members having outwardly projecting edge flanges, and strengthening ribs secured to said plate and extending from flange to flange thereof, and a lead body covering the inner and outer exposed surfaces of said plate and completely enveloping the edge flanges thereof and the bases of the ribs, said body bonding through the apertures in the ferrous foundation plate.

9. In an evaporator, a shell comprising side members, top and bot om members, and end members, each said member providing a ferrous foundation having openings therein and a body of lead forming inner and outer exposed surfaces of the members and bonding through the openings in the foundation, lead covered struts interposed between opposing members of the shell and cleats to receive such struts, each said cleat comprising a ferrous foundation member secured to the ferrous foundation of its appropriate shell member and invested with a lead covering in common with said shell member.

10. In an evaporator of the character described providing end members having tubes extending therethrough, a tube receiving end member comprising a ferrous foundation plate having apertures therein larger than the diameters of the tubes to be received, and a lead body covering the inner and outer surfaces of said ferrous foundation plate extending through the tube receiving apertures to bond the inner and outer portions of the lead, and leaving through each said bond a tube receiving opening surounded by the lead, combined with tubes lead-covered throughout their mid portions to their hearings in the plate, and gaskets e06 crating with the lead covered portions 0 the tubes and the contiguous lead-covered plates.

11. In an evaporator, a shell comprising side members each comprising an apertured ferrous plate, angle-iron border flanges around its four sides, ribs secured to the plate traversing it from flange to flange, and an interior lead covermg bonding through the apertures and investing the outwardly extending surfaces of the borderflanges; top and bottom members having angle-iron border frames, one of said mem bers being arched and comprising ribs of ferrous material connecting the sides of the border frame and a body of lead uniting said frame members and ribs solidly between the ribs, and investing the outwardly extending surfaces of the border-frame;

and end members each consisting of a plate for flat contact with said outwardly extend ing surfaces and comprising an apertured flat ferrous foundation, exterior ribs traversing said foundation, and a body of lead covering said foundation to coact with the contiguous lead-covered surfaces and bonding through said apertures.

12. In an evaporator shell, contiguous plates, one thereof comprising a ferrous foundation with apertures therethrough, border flanges projecting therefrom, a lead body covering the interior surface of the plate, completely investing its border flange and bonding through sa d apertures, and

-means for connecting said contiguous plates comprising spaced bolts, and a-bolt-receiving strip overlying the lead invested flange of said plate. I

In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

1 FRANKLIN M. on BEERS.

In the presence of- Foni'm BAIN, MARY F. ALLEN.

Images