US1115804A - Gas-producer. - Google Patents

Gas-producer. Download PDF

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Publication number
US1115804A
US1115804A US80761113A US1913807611A US1115804A US 1115804 A US1115804 A US 1115804A US 80761113 A US80761113 A US 80761113A US 1913807611 A US1913807611 A US 1913807611A US 1115804 A US1115804 A US 1115804A
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chamber
gas
producer
top plate
fuel
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US80761113A
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Claude M Garland
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices

Definitions

  • My invention refers to producers of the type in which a. blast of air and an endo thermic reagent such as steam or carbon dioXid is passed through an incandescent bed of Vfuel whereby a combustible gas is generated.
  • rlhe object oi' my invention is to provide a producer of this type for the gasification of bituminous fuels in which the rotation of a central section of theproducer agitates the lower portion oi' the fuel bed to prevent the formation of clinker, and at the same time agitates the upper distillation o'r coking Zone to prevent or break up the formation of coke.
  • A. further object of my invention is to provide means for distilling ofi the volatile matter of bituminous fuels in such a manner as to convert a large portion of the volatile matter into fixed combustible gases. instead of condensible hydrocarbons and pitch.
  • rlhis latterobject is attained by causing non-oxidizing gases such as superheated ste-ain or steam mixed with a portion of the gases leaving the producer to pass downward through the green bituminous fuel so that the volatile matter is distilled oil at a lo7 temperature, that is, a temperature under 900o rlhis form of distillationA tends to prevent the formation of coke, increases the calorlic value oi the gas generated and consequently raises the efficiency ci" the producer.
  • Figure l shows a vertical sec, tion taken through the center of my producer While Fig. 2 shows a plan view in part section taken on the line A A of Fig. l.
  • ilhe numeral l indicates an intermediate rotating gasification chamber which consists ot the steel shell 6 lined with iirebrick 4. Near the top is the water seal 28 and near Specification of Letters Patent.
  • Athe bottom is the mantle ring 49 on Which 'ring 49.
  • FIG 3 indicates a lower stationary chamber which is made up of the ash cone 24 provided with dumping ⁇ valve 45 for the removal of ash, and the shell 26 which is provided with the supporting angle 25.
  • Y 19 is a blast hood mounted on the casting 52 which forms a part of the ash support 22.
  • the top plate 29 is formed by' the dished sheet l2, top sheet 10 and side .sheet 53.
  • brackets which are rigidly mounted on the shell 53.
  • the chamber 2 is smaller in diameter than the chamber 1 andis preferablymade oval or oblong in section While the intermediate chamber 1 is made circular.
  • the object of this arrangement is to'prevent the fuel in the upper chamber 2 from rotating with the fuel in the intermediate chamber 1.
  • the oblong section causes a shearing action to take place between the fuel in the two chambers which is yery beneficial in breaking up any coke that may form and in causing the descent of the fuel inthe chamber 2.
  • the walls of chamber 2 are ta ered to also facilitate the descent of the el. r1 ⁇ he chamber 2 is preferably located eccentrically with respect to the chamber 1 to make room for the gas exit13.
  • 1T indicates a steam nozzle extending into the pipe 16.
  • the 55 indicates a rotating shaft on which is rigidly mounted the eccentric 39 which operates to raise and lower the arm Li() through the rod 3S.
  • the arm 4G is loosely mounted on the shaft 48 which is journaled in the bearings e?.
  • v'The worm 43 is rigidly mount ⁇ ed on the shaft 48.
  • the operation of the producer is as follows: Fire is started in the producer in the ordinary Way and coke charged through the device 19 until it is ⁇ within a foot ofthe top of the. chamber 2, r1 ⁇ he chamber 1 is now n rotated through the Worm i3, and-bituminous fuel charged onto the coke.
  • the blast 'of air and steam enters through 21, passes up through the fuel contained in 1 and gen-V erates a combustible gas which passes out through the exit 13.
  • Steam is turned onto the nozzle 17 and passes -into the chamber this steam in the well' lmorvn manner,
  • Ato pipe 14 which draws gas from the chamber 1 and this gas which should have a temperature of about 1000o F. under normal conditions, mixes with the steam thus'superheating it and the mix- .ture of gas and steam is discharged into the chamber 2 and forced downward through the green bituminous fuel. Due to the low temperature of. the mixture the volatile matter in the fuel is distilled off largely inthe form of fixed gases although a small amount of pitch is formed and some light oils Which are readily condensable at room temperature and yield valuable by-products. The volatile matter distilled off mixes with the combustible gases from the chamber 1 and passes to the gas exit 13.
  • a gas producer having a horizon' tally divided casing, a top covering the upper portion of the said casing, a chamber of 'flattened section mounted on the said top ed above the said intermediate rotating chamber, an upper chamber of smaller diameter than the other said Achambers mounted on the said top plate, whereby an annular gas space of triangular section is formed between the 'said top plate, the walls of the said intermediate rotating chamber and thev fuel contained therein and a gas off-take pipe mounted on the said top plate and communicating with the said annular gas space.
  • a gas producer a lower stationary chamber, an intermediate rotating chamber, a stationary top plate mounted aboveY the said intermediate rotating chamber, an upper chamber of flattened or oval section mounted on the said top plate, whereby an annular gas passage or triangular section is formed in the upper part of the said inter-- mediate rotating ⁇ chamber, and a gas oiiI take pipe mounted on the said top plate and communicating with the said annular gas space in the upper part of the said intermediate rotating chamber.
  • a gas producer In a gas producer, a lower stationary chamber, an intermediate rotating chamber, a stationary top plate mounted above the said intermediate rotating chamber, an upper chamber of flattened or oval section mounted on the said top plate and eccentrically with respect tothe said intermediate rotating chamber whereby an annular gas space of triangular section is formed in the upper part of the saidintermediate rotating chamber and a gas off-take pipe mounted on the said top plate and communicating with the said annular gasspace.
  • a lower stationary chamber In a gas producer, a lower stationary chamber, an intermediate rotating chamber, an upper stationary chamber of liattened or oval section eccentrically mounted with respect to the said intermediate chamber, a top plate langing the bottom of the said upper stationaryv chamber, a water seal between the said top plate and the said intermediate rotating chamber and a water seal between the said intermediate rotating chamber and the said lower chamber.
  • a lower stationary chamber In a gas producer, a lower stationary chamber, an intermediate rotating chamber, an upper stationary chamber of flattened or oval section mounted eccentrically with respect to the said intermediate rotating chamber, a water cooled top-plate Hanging the bottom of the said upper stationary chamber, a water seal between the said top plate and the said intermediate rotating chamber, la water seal between the said intermediate rotating chamber and the said lower stationary chamber, a twyer at the bottom of the said lower stationary chamber, a charging device mounted on the top of the said upper stationary chamber, and a gas exit mounted on the said top plate.
  • a gas producer having a horizontally divided casing, a top covering the upper portion of the said casing, a chamber of flattened section mounted on the said top and eccentrically thereto, the lower portion of the said casing being revoluble with respect to the said upper portion, a pipe coinmunicating with the upper portion of the said chamber of flattened section and with the upper portion of the said horizontally divided casing, and a steam nozzle located in the said pipe and adapted to discharge steam into the upper portion oi the said chamber of flattened section.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)

Description

C. M. GARLAND.
GAS PRODUCER. APPLICATION FILED DBG.19.1913.
Patented Nov. 3, 1914. f l
2 SHEETS-SHEET l.
G. M. GARLAND.
j GAS PRODUCER. APPLIQALTIN FILED DBC.19. 1913.
1,115,804. Patented N0v.3,1914.
2 SHEETS -SHEET 2.
Mk1/765565.' l jme/violi einen CLAUDE M. GARLAND, F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
GAS-PRODUCER.
arianna.
TQ all 'inkom t mayV concern:
-Be it known that l, CLAUDE M. Gammo, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of illinois, have invented new and useful lmprovements in Gas-Producers, of which the following is a clear and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings. u
My invention refers to producers of the type in which a. blast of air and an endo thermic reagent such as steam or carbon dioXid is passed through an incandescent bed of Vfuel whereby a combustible gas is generated.
rlhe object oi' my invention is to provide a producer of this type for the gasification of bituminous fuels in which the rotation of a central section of theproducer agitates the lower portion oi' the fuel bed to prevent the formation of clinker, and at the same time agitates the upper distillation o'r coking Zone to prevent or break up the formation of coke.
A. further object of my invention is to provide means for distilling ofi the volatile matter of bituminous fuels in such a manner as to convert a large portion of the volatile matter into fixed combustible gases. instead of condensible hydrocarbons and pitch. rlhis latterobject is attained by causing non-oxidizing gases such as superheated ste-ain or steam mixed with a portion of the gases leaving the producer to pass downward through the green bituminous fuel so that the volatile matter is distilled oil at a lo7 temperature, that is, a temperature under 900o rlhis form of distillationA tends to prevent the formation of coke, increases the calorlic value oi the gas generated and consequently raises the efficiency ci" the producer.
VVFurther advantages will be brought out in the following` description and in the accompanying drawings which form a part of this specication.
Referring to the drawings in which like numerals refer to the same parts in the different views: Figure l shows a vertical sec, tion taken through the center of my producer While Fig. 2 shows a plan view in part section taken on the line A A of Fig. l.
ilhe numeral l indicates an intermediate rotating gasification chamber which consists ot the steel shell 6 lined with iirebrick 4. Near the top is the water seal 28 and near Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Nov. 3, 1914.
.application filed December 19, 1913. Serial No. 807,611.
Athe bottom is the mantle ring 49 on Which 'ring 49.
44 is a track which is formed on the rack 35 and which is supported on the rollers 3 mounted on the columns 30 and 82.
3 indicates a lower stationary chamber which is made up of the ash cone 24 provided with dumping` valve 45 for the removal of ash, and the shell 26 which is provided with the supporting angle 25.
27 is a water seal which preventsv the escape of the blast between the lower stationary chamber 3 and the intermediate rotating chamber l.
22 indicates a fuelor ash support which is rigidly mounted on the beams 21 is a blast pipe communicating with the interior of the chamber 3. Y 19 is a blast hood mounted on the casting 52 which forms a part of the ash support 22.
19 permits the blast to pass to the center of the fuel bed while the openingsv 51 in the bosh plates 7 permit blast to pass to the sides of the fuel bed.
20 indicates wings cast on the casting 52 water seal 28. The top plate 29 is formed by' the dished sheet l2, top sheet 10 and side .sheet 53.
11 indicates poking holes' which extend through the top plate.
31 indicates brackets which are rigidly mounted on the shell 53.
30 and 82 indicate columns which support The chamber 2 .is smaller in diameter than the chamber 1 andis preferablymade oval or oblong in section While the intermediate chamber 1 is made circular. The object of this arrangement is to'prevent the fuel in the upper chamber 2 from rotating with the fuel in the intermediate chamber 1. The oblong section causes a shearing action to take place between the fuel in the two chambers which is yery beneficial in breaking up any coke that may form and in causing the descent of the fuel inthe chamber 2. The walls of chamber 2 are ta ered to also facilitate the descent of the el. r1`he chamber 2 is preferably located eccentrically with respect to the chamber 1 to make room for the gas exit13.
14 is a pipe which communicates with the gas space in the upper part of the chamber 1 through the gas exit 13 and with the pipe 1G' which in turn communicates with the space in the upper portion of the chamber 2. lris a valve located in the pipe 14.
1T indicates a steam nozzle extending into the pipe 16.
18 is a cut off valve in the steam line 51 which supplies the nozzle 17.' By turning steam into the nozzle 1'? a suction is roduced in the pipe 1i which draws gas rom the chamber 1 and forces it, together with the steam. into the chamber 2.
55 indicates a rotating shaft on which is rigidly mounted the eccentric 39 which operates to raise and lower the arm Li() through the rod 3S. The arm 4G is loosely mounted on the shaft 48 which is journaled in the bearings e?. v'The worm 43 is rigidly mount` ed on the shaft 48.
41 is a pawl pivoted to the arm 110.
42 is a ratchet wheei rigidly mounted on the shaft 118. As the arm 10 rises and falls the pawl 41 moves the ratchet Wheei 42. which rotates the shaft 48 the Worm 43 and the rack 35, Which causes the rotation of the chamber 1.
The operation of the producer is as follows: Fire is started in the producer in the ordinary Way and coke charged through the device 19 until it is `within a foot ofthe top of the. chamber 2, r1`he chamber 1 is now n rotated through the Worm i3, and-bituminous fuel charged onto the coke. The blast 'of air and steam enters through 21, passes up through the fuel contained in 1 and gen-V erates a combustible gas which passes out through the exit 13. Steam is turned onto the nozzle 17 and passes -into the chamber this steam in the well' lmorvn manner,
is Aproduce a vacuum in the clue to its i-elocity of discharge, tends Ato pipe 14, which draws gas from the chamber 1 and this gas which should have a temperature of about 1000o F. under normal conditions, mixes with the steam thus'superheating it and the mix- .ture of gas and steam is discharged into the chamber 2 and forced downward through the green bituminous fuel. Due to the low temperature of. the mixture the volatile matter in the fuel is distilled off largely inthe form of fixed gases although a small amount of pitch is formed and some light oils Which are readily condensable at room temperature and yield valuable by-products. The volatile matter distilled off mixes with the combustible gases from the chamber 1 and passes to the gas exit 13. This mixture of low' temperature gases and distilled volatile matter descending through the upper chamber 2, maintains the top plate 29 at the mouth of the chamber 2 cool so that it does not Wear out readily. lf it were not for this the high temperature from the fuel in the chamber 1, combined with the chemical action of the gases' and the abrasion between the fuelv and the center ring of the top plate 29 would ,soon destroy the center ring. is the chamber 1 rotates the large mass of fuel in the upper part tends to remain stationary and rotate with the chamber. rJihe fuel in the chamber 2, due tot the flattened section of this chamber, is prevented from rotating, this results in a direct shearing of the fuei between the two chambers, which grinds up the coke that has been formed, causes the fuel in the upper chamber to descend and stops up any holes that may form in the fuel bed in the rotating chamber 1. is the chamber 1 .ro-- tetes the ash around the casting 52 is given a twisting motion' which entends up into the fuel contained in 1, thus tendingto prevent the formation of clinker and breaking up that which does form. During the rotation ofthe chamber the ashes resting on the support 22 tends to follow the rotation of the chamber. x 1n doing this they come-in contact `with the inclined ash bars 33 and slide along these until they are raked 0d into the ash cone 2a and at some convenient time dumped through the door 45.
Having thus described my invention, 1
1. 1n a gas producer having a horizon' tally divided casing, a top covering the upper portion of the said casing, a chamber of 'flattened section mounted on the said top ed above the said intermediate rotating chamber, an upper chamber of smaller diameter than the other said Achambers mounted on the said top plate, whereby an annular gas space of triangular section is formed between the 'said top plate, the walls of the said intermediate rotating chamber and thev fuel contained therein and a gas off-take pipe mounted on the said top plate and communicating with the said annular gas space.
3. In a gas producer, chamber, an intermediate rotating chamber, a stationarytop plate mounted above the said intermediate rotating chamber, an upper chamber of smaller diameter than the other said chambers mountedon the said top plate, and eccentrically with respect lto the said intermediate rotating chamber, whereby an annular gas. space of triangular section is formed in the upper part of the said intermediate rotating chamber, and a gas olf-take pipe mounted on the said top plate and communicating with the said annular gas space.
4. In a gas producer, a lower stationary chamber, an intermediate rotating chamber, a stationary top plate mounted aboveY the said intermediate rotating chamber, an upper chamber of flattened or oval section mounted on the said top plate, whereby an annular gas passage or triangular section is formed in the upper part of the said inter-- mediate rotating` chamber, and a gas oiiI take pipe mounted on the said top plate and communicating with the said annular gas space in the upper part of the said intermediate rotating chamber.
In a gas producer, a lower stationary chamber, an intermediate rotating chamber, a stationary top plate mounted above the said intermediate rotating chamber, an upper chamber of flattened or oval section mounted on the said top plate and eccentrically with respect tothe said intermediate rotating chamber whereby an annular gas space of triangular section is formed in the upper part of the saidintermediate rotating chamber and a gas off-take pipe mounted on the said top plate and communicating with the said annular gasspace.
-a lower stationary .6. In a gas producer, a lower stationary chamber, an intermediate rotating chamber, an upper stationary chamber of liattened or oval section eccentrically mounted with respect to the said intermediate chamber, a top plate langing the bottom of the said upper stationaryv chamber, a water seal between the said top plate and the said intermediate rotating chamber and a water seal between the said intermediate rotating chamber and the said lower chamber.
7. In a gas producer, a lower stationary chamber, an intermediate rotating chamber, an upper stationary chamber of flattened or oval section mounted eccentrically with respect to the said intermediate rotating chamber, a water cooled top-plate Hanging the bottom of the said upper stationary chamber, a water seal between the said top plate and the said intermediate rotating chamber, la water seal between the said intermediate rotating chamber and the said lower stationary chamber, a twyer at the bottom of the said lower stationary chamber, a charging device mounted on the top of the said upper stationary chamber, and a gas exit mounted on the said top plate.
8. In a gas producer having a horizontally divided casing, a top covering the upper portion of the said casing, a chamber of flattened section mounted on the said top and eccentrically thereto, the lower portion of the said casing being revoluble with respect to the said upper portion, a pipe coinmunicating with the upper portion of the said chamber of flattened section and with the upper portion of the said horizontally divided casing, and a steam nozzle located in the said pipe and adapted to discharge steam into the upper portion oi the said chamber of flattened section.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
CLAUDE M. GARLAND.
stationary
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