US11149783B2 - Assembly with tolerance absorbing spacer - Google Patents
Assembly with tolerance absorbing spacer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US11149783B2 US11149783B2 US15/947,833 US201815947833A US11149783B2 US 11149783 B2 US11149783 B2 US 11149783B2 US 201815947833 A US201815947833 A US 201815947833A US 11149783 B2 US11149783 B2 US 11149783B2
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- spacer
- tolerance
- assembly
- socket
- component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
- F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
- F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
- F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
- F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
- B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
- B60D1/01—Traction couplings or hitches characterised by their type
- B60D1/06—Ball-and-socket hitches, e.g. constructional details, auxiliary devices, their arrangement on the vehicle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
- B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
- B60D1/58—Auxiliary devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
- F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
- F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
- F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
- F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
- F16C11/0647—Special features relating to adjustment for wear or play; Wear indicators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
- F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
- F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
- F16C11/0685—Manufacture of ball-joints and parts thereof, e.g. assembly of ball-joints
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
- F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
- F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
- F16C11/0695—Mounting of ball-joints, e.g. fixing them to a connecting rod
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tolerance absorbing spacer for controlling manufacturing dimensional tolerance variation in products made with multiple internal components, each requiring unique dimensional tolerance allowance.
- an automobile socket such as a ball joint or tie rod end, for use as a chassis pivot, and made up of several cooperating components, whether the primary bearings are constructed of rigid metal bearing surfaces or less rigid, polymer bearing construction, or a combination thereof, there is a problem of controlling the cumulative clearance within the socket, due to required tolerance considerations of each internal component. It is well known in the industry, that for sockets used in this environment to survive a long life, and to possess the required initial rotation and articulation torque characteristics of the stud relative to the socket housing, the initial clearances within the socket must be well controlled from the initial use, and consistent from one part to the next. This is necessary to avoid components from being compressed against one another too tightly and creating abnormally high friction during movement of the ball stud relative to the socket, if clearance is insufficient, and from internal components impacting upon one another from forces encountered during severe use, if too loose.
- a manufactured assembly of more than one component wherein each internal component requires tolerance that can affect axial positioning within the assembly, includes a wave shaped tolerance absorbing spacer, which during the assembly process, is pre-compressed by an external tool prior to final assembly, to plastically deform said wave shaped tolerance compensating spacer in cooperation with the other components in said assembly, in order to remove all undesirable accumulated internal clearance between components, and accurately set and maintain desired assembly operating clearance to any level, and maintain this within a very limited range of variation from one part to the next, and from one production run to the next.
- an automotive chassis socket for use as a ball joint, tie rod end, idler arm, or the like, that must allow pivoting motion in a rotary and/or spherical manner, with cooperating components as per above and including a housing with one or two primary openings, at least one of which allows for passage of a stud member for cooperation with a cooperating chassis component, and which includes one or more bearing components or bearing surfaces in contact with the head of the stud to support the rotation and/or spherical pivoting motion, a closing plate or closing ring, and optionally, an elastic preload member wherein said wave shaped tolerance absorbing spacer is pre-compressed to a plastic state, to remove all undesirable cumulative axial component tolerance prior to final closing of the socket, by providing a limited and constant resilience over the full operating range of expected, axial tolerances, created by allowable tolerance limits required for manufacture of each component within the assembly.
- the wave shaped, tolerance compensating spacer is composed of a series of evenly spaced waves, with constant amplitude from OD to ID for each wave, composed of one or more blended radii in and around the wave peaks, extending from the plane of an initially flat disc and blended evenly with additional extended length radii or with straight wave segments, above and below the original plane of the disc.
- the force required to compress said the tolerance compensating spacer to the point of plastic deformation can be adjusted by varying the number of waves, the thickness of the base material used to form the component, the ratio of OD to ID of the disc used for form the waves, the grade and type of the material used for construction of the component, the amplitude of the waves, or any combination of these parameters.
- the tolerance absorbing component for use in the above embodiments due to its unique geometry, demonstrates greatly improved resistance and stability to applied force after reaching the point of plastic deformation, and maintains this level of resisting force for an extended range of operation sufficient to compensate for cumulative tolerance variations of the assembly socket and all components therein.
- the tolerance absorbing component for use above due to its shape, demonstrates significantly reduced change in OD and ID as it is plastically deformed, compared with prior art devices of similar function, allowing it to be used in narrow passages without tendency to expand and stick against the sidewall confines of its operating space.
- the wave shaped, tolerance absorbing spacer due to its shape demonstrates reduced, and significantly more consistent elastic spring back as compared to prior art configurations, after reaching the plastic deformation region of its compression, and within the full required operating range of tolerance absorption, as dictated by the cumulative tolerance for all components used in said socket assembly, thereby providing for improved capability to control variation of clearance in each socket assembly within a production run, and from one production run to the next.
- the spacing between waves can be uneven and where individual wave shapes can have varying amplitude and can have various single, or multi radii profiles from one peak to the next including but not limited to a sine wave shape.
- socket assembly in which the bearings or bearing surfaces can be composed of metal or polymer materials, or a combination of both.
- each internal component requires tolerance that affects axial positioning within the assembly, and which includes a tolerance absorbing spacer with multiple cylindrical or conical extended protrusions extending vertically from a base, or elevated intermediate platform, which during the assembly process, is pre-compressed by an external tool prior to final assembly, to plastically deform the tolerance compensating spacer in cooperation with the other components in said assembly, in order to remove all undesirable accumulated internal clearance between components, and accurately set and maintain desired assembly operating clearance to any level, and maintain this within a very limited range of variation from one part to the next, and from one production run to the next.
- an automotive chassis socket for use as a ball joint, tie rod end, idler arm, or the like, that must allow pivoting motion in a rotary and/or spherical manner, with cooperating components as per the manufactured assembly described above, including a housing with one or two primary openings, at least one of which allows for passage of a stud member for cooperation with an adjoining chassis component, which includes one or more bearing components or bearing surfaces in contact with the head of the stud to support the rotation and/or spherical pivoting motion, a tolerance absorbing spacer with multiple cylindrical or conical extended protrusions from a base, or elevated intermediate platform, a closing plate or closing ring, and optionally, an elastic preload member wherein said tolerance absorbing spacer is pre-compressed to a plastic state, to remove all undesirable cumulative axial component tolerance, by providing a limited and constant resilience over the full operating range of expected, axial tolerances, created by allowable tolerance limits set for each component within the assembly.
- a tolerance absorbing spacer for use in the manufactured assembly or automotive chassis socket has multiple cylindrical or conical extended protrusions from a base, or elevated intermediate platform in which the force required to compress to plastic deformation can be adjusted by varying the number of protrusions, the thickness of the base material used to form the component, the number of generally annular rings of protrusions contained between OD and ID, the grade and type of the material used for construction of the component, the amplitude of the protrusions, or any combination of these parameters.
- the tolerance absorbing spacer may have multiple cylindrical or conical extended protrusions from a base, or elevated intermediate platform that due to its unique geometry, demonstrates greatly improved resistance and stability to applied force after reaching the point of plastic deformation for an extended distance sufficient to compensate for the accumulation of all combinations of individual component tolerances that make up the assembly.
- the tolerance absorbing spacer for use in the manufactured assembly or automotive chassis socket may have multiple cylindrical or conical extended protrusions from a base, or elevated intermediate platform that due to its shape, demonstrates significantly reduced change in OD and ID as it is plastically deformed, compared to prior art devices of similar function, allowing it to be used in narrow passages without tendency to expand and stick against the sidewall confines of its operating space.
- the tolerance absorbing spacer has multiple cylindrical or conical extended protrusions from a base, or elevated intermediate platform that due to its shape, demonstrates minimal and more consistent elastic spring back as compared to prior art configurations, after reaching the plastic deformation point within its required operating range, thereby providing for improved ability to control the amount and variation of clearance in every assembly within a production run, and well as from one production run to the next.
- the socket assembly for use in the manufactured assembly or automotive chassis can be composed of metal or polymer materials, or a combination of both.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first tolerance absorbing spacer in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a metal or combined metal-polymer joint in a housing with a first concave bearing in the housing and a second concave bearing surface in a bearing plate, said first and second concave bearing surfaces axially aligned in the housing, and with the tolerance absorbing spacer inserted between a housing cover plate which rests on a fixed shelf inside the socket and the concave bearing surface in the bearing plate shown prior to conditioning;
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a method of assembly of the components of the joint shown in FIG. 2 to show the pre-conditioning of the tolerance absorbing spacer;
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the joint shown in FIG. 2 after pre-conditioning and with the housing cover plate sealed in the housing with undersized, but within tolerance internal components, depicting a low axial stack height condition;
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the joint shown in FIG. 2 after pre-conditioning and with housing cover plate sealed in the housing with oversized, but within tolerance internal components, depicting a high axial stack height condition;
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a different type of joint with metal bearing surfaces or a combination of metal and polymer bearings as used in some regular or heavy duty, compression loaded ball joint applications;
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a second tolerance absorbing spacer
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a third tolerance absorbing spacer
- FIG. 9 is a Finite Element diagram of a wave shaped tolerance absorbing spacer of FIG. 1 , both in a unrestricted compression environment, and in a confined space with vertical walls near both the OD and ID of the spacer, the force displacement curves show the output in each case, one with ID/OD confinement, and the other without; and,
- FIG. 10 is a comparative Finite Element diagram of a tolerance control spacer of similar geometry to that shown in the Moog patent discussed above showing the same surrounding constraints (with and without ID/OD confinement), and resulting force displacement curves associated with each.
- FIGS. 1, 7 and 8 an improved tolerance absorbing spacer is shown in FIGS. 1, 7 and 8 that will plastically deform to an appropriate height, under sufficiently high applied force, thereby controlling cumulate part-to-part assembly height variation or “axial stack height” caused by non-uniform component variation in manufactured assemblies, thereby making each finished assembly, which is composed of multiple components of slightly different dimensions from one part to the next, essentially identical and controllable, regarding final assembly internal operating clearance.
- tolerance absorbing spacer 6 formed as a flat annulus with a plurality of wave forms in the axial direction and extending around the annulus.
- the wave peaks are composed of equal radii top and bottom the part is symmetrical such that it can be installed with either face up.
- the wave peaks may be connected by straight sections which blend into each radius, or by radii of generally greater length approaching a straight surface.
- tolerance absorbing spacer 6 is shown in an unassembled and uncompressed socket arrangement along with housing 12 .
- Other cooperating components include cover plate 10 , Belleville preload spring 8 , upper bearing 16 , partial view of ball stud 14 used for rotary and articulating connection to a cooperating chassis part, and which is resting on an integral, hardened lower concave bearing surface 18 of housing 12 . Stud 14 exits the housing for attachment to cooperating chassis part through aperture 32 .
- these components depict a chassis part socket that can be assembled through opening 11 and processed as will be described in the following description to minimize part to part variation in cumulative internal clearance, and thereby maintain very consistent performance characteristics from one part to the next.
- This style of ball joint is used in tension loaded applications where the socket must carry the weight of the vehicle in a direction that pulls the stud away from the socket, in addition to the added required function of locating the wheel for pivoting action of the vehicle suspension during steering and during vertical articulation of the wheel.
- This general style of socket is also used for follower ball joint applications with a function only to locate the wheel for pivoting action during steering and vertical articulation of the wheel.
- FIG. 3 the components are shown in a fully compressed position under the applied force of an external pressing tool 20 to plastically deform the tolerance absorbing spacer 6 leaving a consistent amount of spring back to remove cumulative tolerance cause by non-uniform component variation from one part to the next.
- a small step 22 is included on the end of the external pressing tool 20 to provide a clearance space for a small, consistent amount of spring back of the tolerance absorbing spacer 6 and additionally to provide a small working space for the Belleville or other elastic preload device 8 , if used.
- the pressing tool 20 advances in the housing 12 until outer, lower edges 24 make contact with a fixed, cover plate resting step 26 .
- the tolerance absorbing spacer 6 has been plastically deformed to remove all undesirable, excess assembly clearance within the socket, and the pressing tool 20 is withdrawn.
- Elastic preload device 8 such as a Belleville spring or wave spring for instance will recover to its unloaded state.
- the tolerance absorbing spacer 6 will also rebound a very small, but consistent amount.
- the small step 22 on external pressing tool 20 provides a small, desirable space 28 ( FIG. 4 ) for the elastic preload device 8 to operate.
- the sum of the slight resilience from the compressed tolerance absorbing spacer 6 and the desired additional operating clearance 30 for the elastic preload device 8 determine the needed height of step 22 on external pressing tool 20 .
- FIG. 4 shows the socket in finished condition for components depicting an extreme cumulative axial tolerance condition that creates the lowest overall component axial stack height, and therefore the least amount of plastic deformation within the tolerance absorbing spacer 6 .
- the socket has been mechanically closed as by crimping, metal spinning or welding of the upper edge of the housing initially depicted by 18 A in FIG. 2 , to lock the cover plate 10 against step 26 to a condition depicted by 18 B after the socket closure in FIG. 4 .
- the final socket operating clearance space after closure is noted as 28 .
- the socket is shown in finished condition for components with an extreme tolerance condition that creates the highest overall component axial stack height and therefore the greatest amount of plastic deformation within the tolerance absorbing spacer 6 .
- the final height of the wave shaped tolerance absorbing spacer 6 in this view is depicted by 31 .
- an important function of the tolerance absorbing spacer 6 is to maintain desired operating space 28 as consistent as possible, for all cumulative component tolerance combinations.
- This tolerance absorbing spacer compensates for maximum material condition dimensions for each and every individual component specification and for minimum allowable material condition dimensions for each and every component. It can be seen in comparing FIGS. 4 and 5 that although the wave shaped tolerance absorbing spacer 6 has been compressed to different final heights 29 and 31 , the final socket clearance space 28 remains the same.
- the socket has been mechanically closed locking the cover plate 10 against step 26 as by crimping, metal spinning or welding of the upper edge of the housing 18 A to a condition noted as 18 B after socket closure.
- FIG. 6 shows an alternative ball socket in finished condition where the aperture 32 for the ball stud 14 is created by the inside edge 33 of closure ring 34 rather than cover plate 10 .
- Closure ring 34 is locked against step 26 as with the other socket styles discussed previously.
- the opening for initially inserting components into the socket for assembly is therefore shared with the aperture for ball stud 14 to exit the housing and attached to a cooperating chassis part by various means.
- This socket configuration it can be seen that there is limited space between the OD and ID for the elastic preload device if used, and for the tolerance absorbing spacer 6 in this configuration.
- This style of joint carries the weight of the vehicle by pushing the stud into the socket.
- this type of ball joint socket also has the function of locating the wheel for pivoting action of the vehicle suspension during steering and vertical articulation of the wheel.
- FIG. 7 An alternative tolerance absorbing spacer 6 is shown in FIG. 7 . Cylindrical or conical shaped pins with a flat top are extruded vertically from the base of disc 38 . Like the tolerance absorbing spacer 6 shown in FIG. 1 , the alternative tolerance absorbing spacer accomplishes the same improved results of limited OD and ID change during compression, constant and limited resilient after plastic deformation of the pins under applied external force, and stable force once the minimum required force for plastic deformation has been met.
- FIG. 8 another tolerance absorbing spacer 6 is shown.
- the radial waves may be viewed as square waves and as a variant on the pins in the tolerance absorbing spacer 6 shown in FIG. 7 .
- extruded pins 36 are placed on a flight of raised planes 40 about the base plane of disc 38 .
- These planes may be formed of straight raised segments between OD and ID or alternatively by curved or partially circular platforms extending between the OD and ID of the tolerance absorbing spacer 6 .
- the force resistance of the wave shaped tolerance absorbing spacer shown in FIG. 1 is significantly greater and more consistent for both constrained and non-constrained OD cases as compared to a tolerance control spacer of geometry similar to that shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,667,789.
- One of the important features of the tolerance absorbing spacers 6 is the ability to support and resist a sufficiently high applied force before non-elastic yielding occurs. This provides a socket wherein the tolerance absorbing spacer 6 will not be further compressed during any foreseeable normal condition of use, or that it would fracture from fatigue, over the expected life of the socket.
- any elastic return or spring-back of the tolerance absorbing component be consistent over the entire operating tolerance range of the socket as determined by cumulative axial tolerance possibilities of each components that makes up the socket assembly stacked together in their combination of normal axial extremes.
- the tolerance absorbing spacer It is a further requirement of the tolerance absorbing spacer that it be designed to perform in a narrow space of ID/OD as is required for some styles of sockets for example as in FIG. 6 . It must also function in a stable and predictable manner in all extreme normal sets of tolerance conditions without sticking.
- an additional requirement of the tolerate absorbing spacer 6 is that the outside and inside diameters expand and contract by a limited and predictable amount for all tolerance compensation positions within the required range of operation.
- the tolerance absorbing component must also provide stable functioning even when the presetting force is applied at a slightly oblique angle (e.g. up to 3 degrees) to the center axis of the socket assembly.
- the tolerance absorbing spacer 6 In use, it is important that the tolerance absorbing spacer 6 not plastically deform until a specified minimum external force is applied. This is necessary to provide a component that cannot be further compressed during normal use, which could lead to premature loosening and failure of the socket assembly.
- the force required to deform the tolerance absorbing spacer 6 is significantly more consistent and stable as compared to a part with geometry similar to that of the prior art configuration in U.S. Pat. No. 3,667,789.
- the present tolerance absorbing spacer 6 is useful in assemblies with very narrow operating confines of ID/OD where the prior art component-style geometry could not be reliable used.
Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/947,833 US11149783B2 (en) | 2018-04-08 | 2018-04-08 | Assembly with tolerance absorbing spacer |
DE102019108310.9A DE102019108310A1 (en) | 2018-04-08 | 2019-03-29 | Assembly with tolerance absorbing spacer |
CN201910269585.XA CN110345152A (en) | 2018-04-08 | 2019-04-04 | Component with tolerance-absorbent spacer |
MX2019004075A MX2019004075A (en) | 2018-04-08 | 2019-04-08 | Assembly with tolerance absorbing spacer. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/947,833 US11149783B2 (en) | 2018-04-08 | 2018-04-08 | Assembly with tolerance absorbing spacer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20190309793A1 US20190309793A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 |
US11149783B2 true US11149783B2 (en) | 2021-10-19 |
Family
ID=67992013
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US15/947,833 Active 2040-05-05 US11149783B2 (en) | 2018-04-08 | 2018-04-08 | Assembly with tolerance absorbing spacer |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11149783B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN110345152A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102019108310A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2019004075A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20230258225A1 (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2023-08-17 | Zhejiang Ruitai Suspension System Technology Ltd | Socket assembly with antirotation spring washer |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11326641B2 (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2022-05-10 | Federal-Mogul Motorparts Llc | Ball joint assembly |
CN114029886B (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2023-08-15 | 徐州徐工液压件有限公司 | Bidirectional screw pair guide rail type clamping device |
CN114014200A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-02-08 | 徐州徐工液压件有限公司 | Double-screw auxiliary guide post type oil cylinder assembly platform |
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-
2018
- 2018-04-08 US US15/947,833 patent/US11149783B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-03-29 DE DE102019108310.9A patent/DE102019108310A1/en active Pending
- 2019-04-04 CN CN201910269585.XA patent/CN110345152A/en active Pending
- 2019-04-08 MX MX2019004075A patent/MX2019004075A/en unknown
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20230258225A1 (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2023-08-17 | Zhejiang Ruitai Suspension System Technology Ltd | Socket assembly with antirotation spring washer |
US11795994B1 (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2023-10-24 | Zhejiang Ruitai Suspension System Technology Ltd | Socket assembly with antirotation spring washer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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MX2019004075A (en) | 2019-10-09 |
CN110345152A (en) | 2019-10-18 |
US20190309793A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 |
DE102019108310A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 |
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