US1112756A - Fireproof arch. - Google Patents

Description

P. H. BEVIER. PIREPROOF ARCH. APPLGATIoN FILED JUNE 11, 1908.

1,112,756. Patented 0011.111914.

Flm gy THE NORRIS PETERS CO1, PHOTOYLITHO.. WASHINGTON. DA C.

narran smarts ranma* ortica PHILIP H. BEVIER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

FIREPROOF ARCI-I.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that l, PHILIP H. BEVIER, a citizen of the United btates, residing in the city of N ew York, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Fireproof Arch, of which the fo-llowing is a specification.

This invention is an arch for use in the construction of reproof buildings.

At the present time two methods are in use for setting' the blocks or tiles of terra cotta arches; first, in narrow spans, say up to (5 or 8 feet, the arch blocks are set with all joints bedded with mortar by brick layers using a trowel, and, second, in wide span arches, wherein metal reinforcements are used, the Iblocks are set in dry condition by unskilled laborers, the blocks being set with ends tightly abutting, a wide joint, usually about et inches, being left between the sides of the block, into which joint is placed a plastic material, the latter being' valso put over the tops of the blocks. No allowance has heretofore been made in the wide span arch for the compressive strength of the blocks themselves (although this is considerable), the entire dependence being placed upon the reinforced concrete con-v struction, wherein the hollow tiles or blocks serve simply as convenient forms for the purpose of molding the concrete ribs; said hollow tiles or blocks operating to support the wet slab of concrete material during its installation, and serving, also, as a flat surface for the reception ofthe plaster material for the ceiling. a f

Experience has shown that hollow tiles or blocks, when set in a dry condition to form an arch between two rigid surfaces, such as the parallel beams of a building, possess about one-half the crushing strength as compared with similar blocks or tiles which are embedded in mortar. The reason for such disproportionate load carrying capacity of dry set tiles or blocks results from the fact that the ends, or end faces, of the blocks are irregular in outline, and when the blocks are set end to end, their end faces engage at their highest points only, instead of engaging throughout the height and width of the hollow blocks. Now, when said blocks are subjected to a certain load, the engaging high portions thereof crush or break down, with t-he result that the block Specication of Letters Patent.

Application filed June 11, 1908.

borough of Brooklyn,y

splits andL Patented Oct. 6, 1914. sei-iai No. 437,807.

crushes, and is easily destroyed, beginning with such points of disintegration.

My invention permits narrow span arches to be set by unskilled labor, instead of by lbrick layers, and at a saving of one half the cost of the labor of setting the blocks, and in wide span arches, while the blocks are set .1n the same manner as at present, very great strength is secured by utilizing the compressive strength of the tile.

The present invention overcomes these objections by providing a novel construction of mortar joint formed by and between the tiles or blocks, whereby said blocks or tiles of an arch are so united as to utilize the full compressive strength of the tiles or blocks.

My arch consists of hollow tiles or blocks each having its top and side walls provided with a continuous out away portion, preferably at one end and in the form 'of a bevel, although a bevel may be provided at each end of the tile. The edge of a beveled portion at one end of the tile, in one embodiment of the invention, is adaptedto contact with an unbeveled Hat face on an adjacent tile when a row is laid in an arch. rlhis relation of the tiles produces spaces between them, which spaces are filled with suitable plastic material for the purpose of uniting the tiles into a solid homogeneous structure.

My new construction possesses, among others, the following advantages z-The tiles may be set, by unskilled labor, in a dry condition to form an arch; the plastic material, such as mortar, may be poured into the spaces, or otherwise deposited therein, subsequent to setting the tiles, this operation being performed easily and quickly; the strength of the arch does not depend solely upon the use of the plastic bonding material, nor is it aected by the contact of the irregular end faces of the tiles, for the reason that the tiles are bound and united at their meeting end faces, along the sides and top, by an unbroken line of plastic material, whereby the full compressive strength of the tiles is utilized; and provision is made for the employment of a metal reinforce ofl any preferred construction.

Another important feature of my arch is a filler block at one or both ends of a row of tiles, said filler block being positioned between the end block and an adjoiningy metal beam. Said ller block is provided with ribs or other projections on that side which faces the beain, thus spacing` the surface of the block relative to the beani, whereby plastic material may be used to lill in the spaces, such plastic material serving to bind the 5 filler bloclr to the beain, and also, as a 1nediuin for ininiiniaing corrosion ot the nietal.

in are to be iinderstooffl as illustrative, only,

and not as deiining` the liinits ol the inveir tion.

Figure l is i a side view of a tile arch, the

bloclrs olI which are constructed and assein# bled yin accordance with this invention, a row or blocks being illustrated in coperative relation to parallel beanis. Fig. 2 is a plan view of one row el co'niplete blocks shown in cooperative relation to portions et two adjoining rows blocks, the inetal beanis being` shown in horizontal section. Fig. 3 3-3 oit Fig. l. Fig'. @l is a vertical cross section on the line sind oli Fig. l. Fig. 5 is an end view of one or the tiles or blocks. Fig. 6 is a perspective view on an enlarged scale oli' one of the tiles or blocks, showing the beveled portions on the sides and the dat top ot' said tile. Fig. is a sectional view illustrating); a lille'r block positioned between a nietal` beain and an end block or slievio back of a row of tiles. Fig. 8 is a plan, 4o with the inetal beain in horizontal section,

showing portions of three liller blocks in cooperative relation to a correspoiiiding nuinher of end tiles or t slewbaclrs or' an arch. Fig. il is a horizontal section through the part shown in Fig. S. Fig. l0 illustrates another torni of tile embodying niy invention adapted ttor use in connection with wide arches wherein it is desirable to use a inetal reiii'lforceinent, and Fig. ll is an end view of one olf the tiles or blocks in the construction of the arch shown invFig. l0.

'llhe example oit the invention shown in Figs. l, 2 and 3 of the drawings consists in an arch composed et live blocks or tiles, A,

li, C, D, and F1, placed in a row between adjacent parallel beaius or girders, F; but it will be understood that the nninber ot blocks coinposing;- each row inay be changed. The block, il, is the keyoblock of the arch,

and prelierably, the ends et this key-block are 'inclined on. divergiiig lines Afrom the bottoni upwardly. The end blocks, D, E, of the ,row are 'technically terine'd the skewbacks;7 and, preferably, the blocks, E, C,

D, and E, are constructed in accordance is a horizontal section on the line` with this invention. Each block embodying iny invention .is cellular in construction substantially as shown in Figs. 5 and '6; that is to say, each block consists ot' a bottoni, o, o, a top, Z), parallel side walls, c, c, and intersecting` webs, d, e, which 'forni the cells that extend lengthwise of the block. rlhc construction of the bloeit, however, in so liar as concerns the cellular features thereof, niay be inodilied or changed as desired, for the reason that niy invention inay be incorporated in non-cellular blocks, that is to say, blocks which are not provided with webs, such as, d, e, or either of thein. Generally speaking, the blocks, B, C, E, are provided with inclined faces at ineeting end portions thereof; thus the blocks, B, C, have their end Jraces inclined. on diverging lines so as to correspond to the end portions et the interposed key-block, A, whereas the slewbaclis, D, are provided. with an in 'clined tace at one end and a vertical face at the other end, the vertical tace et end blocks, D, E, being next to parallel beanie, F.

@ne of the distin.Ouishinfr features of in f contruction consists in the provision et a cut-away portion on one end tace of each block, such as blocks, lil), C, l), lil. rllhis cutaway 'iortion is shown in Figs. 5 and (i, incre particularly a bevel, li, which is provided on the top, l), and the side walls, C', 0'; said bevel running contiiniously troni the lower edge ot one side wall, c, up to and across one edge of the top wall, d, and thence downwardly to the other lower edge of the wall, e. rllhe bevel does not occupy or take up the thickness of the wall at the end portion of the block, but within the bevel is a bearingedge, the latter beine; iliish with the end tace or the bottoni, o, and the webs, d, e, provided the latter are eniboiilied in the construction oi the block. Freni this description it will be seen that each block provided, preferably at one end, with a bevel around a bearing enge; said bevel being clearly diii'erentiated 'troni the inclined end tace or the block. its shown, the bevel is on one end tace ol each block, whereas the other end face of each block is l'lat, so that this flat end resembles the ordinary tiles or blocks, but it is obvious that a bevel, G, niay be provided on each end of the block or tiles.

The arch shown in F l., 2 and 8 docs not embody the bevel, G, on the inclined. ends of hey-block, il, but unless filler blocks, il, are used between the blocks, D E, and the -beains, F, as shown in Figs. 1, 8 and 9, said blocks, l), E, are provided with bevels, lili, at the ends thereof next to beains, F.

Each block is provided with flanges, 71 on the respective sides thereof, said llanges running lengthwise of the block and beine` in the plane of the bottoni, o, lheieof. Fnrtherniore, the parallel side walls, c, c, are,

orv may be, provided with the grooves, 2 but said grooves, 2, may be omitted, if desired.

In laying the blocks of a wide span, a temporary stage or platform is positioned below the beams, and the blocks, A, B, C, D, E, are placed, in a dry condition, on said stage and in proper alinement between the beams. It should be noted that blocks, D, E, are rst placed in position, then blocks, B, C, and finally key-block, A, is inserted. The end portions of blocks, B, C, with their bevels, G, are in abutting engagement with inclined ends of key-block, A. The end portions of blocks, D, E, having bevels, Gr, are in engagement with non-beveled ends of blocks, B, C, respectively. In some forms of arches, the ends of the blocks are cut square, or at right angles to the length, 'while in other forms of arches, the ends of the blocks are inclined. I have elected to show the latter form of blocks (with inclined ends) in the drawings, but the invention may be used with blocks having squared ends. In the arch shown in Figs. l, and 3, end blocks, D, E, have bevels, H2, on the ends next to beams, F, as well as on the ends which abut blocks, B, C, but bevels, H2, may be omitted when filler blocks, II, shown in Figs. 7, 8 and 9, are placed between beams, F, and blocks, D, E. After laying one row of blocks, other rows are laid in like manner, and the fianges, z, of the blocks in adjoining rows engage with each other, as shown in Fig. 4e, whereby the blocks in adjoining rows are spaced, as at e', relative to each other in the operation of laying the blocks, and the meeting fianges, 71., close the spaces, z', between the adjacent tiles, at the bottom thereof.

The asembling of every two blocks in ende wise engagement, with the beveled portion, G, of one block next to a non-beveled end face of the adjacent blocks, provides a space, gt, at the abutting faces (see Figs. l and 2), which space extends, preferably, across the tops and down the side walls of the blocks. Said spaces, g4, are adapted to receive the plastic material, G, such as mortar or cement, and the spaces, z', are filled, also, with mortar or cement, I", whereby the tiles of each row are bound to each other by the material, G, and the adjoning rows of tiles by the material in the joints, I.

It is to be observed that the tiles may be placed in position easily, quickly and by unskilled labor; that the plastic material may be poured on or otherwise deposited in the spaces, g4, e', between the tiles; and that the fianges, 7i, between the sides of the tiles and the engaging faces at the ends of the tiles preclude the loss of the plastic material by leakage at the bottom of the tiles.

Practical tests of an arch embodying this invention have shown that it possesses greater' strength and load carrying kcapacity thanarches employing other forms of tiles. This is due, mainly, to the beveled end portions of the tiles receiving the bonding material, G', that operates to unite the tiles end to end, whereby irregularities in the abutting end vfaces of the tiles do not allow for lines of weakness, but cn the contrary, the tiles are so united as to utilize the full compressive strength thereof.y

Filler blocks, H, are each composed of a comparatively thin slab of fireproof material, each block being adapted for use between a beam and one end block or skewback, D or E It is preferred to provide means, such as the ribs, r, on `one face of the filler block for spacing it relative t0 the web of beam, F, thus producing intermediate spaces, h2, between beam, F, and block,

H, which spaces are filled by plastic ma-l terial, such as cement or mortar, whereby the filling of plastic material operates as a protective covering in minimizing corrosion of the metal beai It is preferred, also, to provide each filler block with a bevel, its, on that edge of the face which engages with the end of the end block or skewback and the space formed by saidv bevel, Areceives a filling of plastic material, the latter uniting the filler block and skewback 7 crease the strength of the arch.

In case of wide arches, or archesihaving an increased span, it is preferred to employ blocks or tiles, B, having the side walls inclined at top and bottom atv 02,03, see Figs. l0 and ll. Said blocks have the same general structural features as the blocks heretofore described, but it is preferred to make the upper parts, c2, of the side walls of increased thickness as compared with the lower parts, c3, wherebythe strength of the compressive portion of the tile is increased. An arch composed of rows of blocks, B, is provided with double tapered spaces, i, between the side walls of the blocks, see Fig. l0, and this space, z", as well as the other spaces between the blocks, are filled with the plastic material; such material in the spaces, el, forming a double key. Furthermore, the arch may be reinforced by metallic tension members, such as, J. The tension member may be composed' of any suitable material, and said member may be dropped or inserted into the space, z', or z, so as to lie close to the bottom of the tiles, said tension member being embedded in the bonding material between the tiles.

Having thus fully described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. In a fireproof arch, tiles assembled in wedging engagement into rows, the adjoining tiles of each row abutting at their bottom edges, thereby producing any arch the bottom of which is continuous, said adjoinso as to insuch as,

ing tiles having certain parts of their ends abutting and each tile being .provided above the bottoni edge and on the side walls and the top wall with a cut away portion positioned exteriorly of said abutting parts, whereby a mortar or cement receiving space is formed between each pair of abutting tiles.

2. ln a fireprooitl arch, tiles assembled in wedging engagement into rows, the adjoining tiles of each row abutting at their bot toni edges, whereby the resulting arch is provided with a bottoni wall which is unbroken or continuous from side to side of the arch, each tile liaviiig at one end all the surfaces in substantially the same plane, the other end of each tile being provided with a cut away portion which is exteriorly to the abutting end surface, tending continuously along the top wall produce a free or unobstructed mortar or ting end faces and above toni edges thereof.

3. ln a i'ireproof arch tiles assembled ini u v i l r wedging engagement into rows, the adjoinbottoni of the arch,

end an abutting surface all the parts of?,y the saine plane and the other end of said'tile having a sur-1 which are `in substantially face some of which is cut away and other parts of which surface yare positioned fori engagement with the abutting surface of the' next tile, said cut away surface of the tile continuously along the top wall' and the side walls of each tile but not along@y eX tending the bottom edge thereof, whereby a mortar receiving space is providedbetween each pair of tiles exteriorly 'to the abutting surfaces thereof and above the abutting bottoni edges of said tiles.

et. .ln `a tireproof arch, tiles wedging engagement into rows, the adj oining tiles of each row abutting at their bottoni edges lengthwise 'of the row, thereby producing a continuous tile surface the bottoni of the arch, each tile side and top walls a beveled surface positii'ined exteriorly to an abutting surface on'A the end of said tile, whereby two adjoining tiles are positioned iii ing of the tiles, each row of tiles being spaced relative to an adjoining row spaces between adjoining rows of tiles so as to result in transverse concrete ribs and said cut away portions eX-. and the side walls but not at the bottom edge,` whereby the adjoining tiles are assembled to` ing tiles of each row abutting at their bot-5` toni edges lengthwise of the row, thereby;

each tile having at one assembled in j having on the j abutting engagement at their ends and a mortar or cement receiv?` space islprovided between a part only ofE the ends of said tiles, which space extendsA continuously along the top and side wallsy but is interrupted at the bottom end edgesl or rows of tiles,` and bones of mortar or cement filling the iaiavae said bonds of mortar or cement filling the spaces exteriorly to the abiiitting end faces of each pair of adjacent tiles.

5. ln a. ireproof arch, a series of ytiles assembled into rows, the adjoining rows being spaced apart to produce a substantially wide cement-receiving space between said rows, the adjoining tiles of each row being positioned for their ends to abut, the sides and top of each tile, at one end thereof, being beveled eirteriorly of said abutting end face, whereby a ceiiient-i'eceiving space is provided next to the abutting faces of two adjoining tiles, said spaces extending continuously across the top and along two sides of each tile and said spaces being in communication with the substantially wide spaces between adjoining rows of tiles, the bottom edges of adjoining tiles in each rowv being unbroken at their ends and contact-nig' with each other, thereby producing a bot tom wall or under surface which is continuous from side to side of the arch.

6. ln a lireproof arch, a supporting beam, a row of tiles, and a filler block positioned intermediate the beam and an end tile of said row, said filler block being provided on its side next to the end tile with a face abutting said end tile and with a cut away pori tion exteiioily of the abutting' surfaces, said. filler block being provided on the surface opposing the beam with projections which contact with said beam. and operate to produce spaces between the filler bloclr and the i, beam, said spaces being filled with bonding material.

7. ln a ireproof arch, a supporting beam, a row of tiles, and a filler block positioned intermediate the beam and an end tile of said row, said filler bloclr being provided on. l its side next to the beam with a series of ribs which project beyond the normal face of the block, said ribs being in contact with the beam and operating to space the face of the block with relation to the beam, said spaces being filled with bonding material.

8. rl. tile having at one end an abutting surface in. the same plane as the bottoni edge of said end and a cut away portion ei;- teriorly of the abutting surface and ei;- teiiding along the sides and top of said. end, the bot-tom edge of said tile being unbroken, and the other end of the tile having its top, i bottoni and sides in the saine plane.

9. A hollow tile having webs ii'iternally thereof and provided at one end with an abut-ting surface in the ine plane as the bottom edge of said end and a cut away portion ei-:teriorly of the abutting surface and extending along the sides and top of said end, and a second tile having an end face in the same plane with the bottom, sides and top, said end face of the second. block abutting engagement with the abut bein in ting surface of the first tile, whereby 'a mortar receiving space is provided around the sides and across the top of the abutting faces of adjoining tiles, the bottom edges of said tiles being unbroken and in Contact, thereby producing a continuous bottom wall or under surface on the tiles.

l0. A tile having an unbroken bottom edge at one end, and an abutting end face in substantially the saine plane as said bottom end edge of the tile7 the sides and top of said tile having above the unbroken end edge certain inclined cut away portions positioned exteriorly of said abutting end face.

l1. A tile having at one of its ends an abutting face on its base, sides and top, a bevel exterior to said abutting' face and eX- tending along the sides and top of said end, the bevels on the side terminating above the base, and Llanges projecting from the respective sides of the tiles and lying in the plane of the base thereof.

l2. In a iireproof arch, rows of tiles separated from each other in sidewise relation by spaces extending lengthwise of the arch, the tiles of each row abutting at their end faces and each tile being provided with a bevel exterior of the abutting end face, thereby producing between the abutting ends of adjoining tiles a space which communicates with the lengthwise extending spaces between the rows, and mortar bonds filling the spaces between the rows and also filling the spaces adjacent to the abut-ting faces between the sides and top of the pairs of adjoining tiles.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

PHILP H. BEVIER.

lVitnesses: f

HENRY STRUBE, CHARLES REIER.

Copies of this patent may 'be obtained for ve cents each., by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.

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