US1109891A

US1109891A - Flying-machine.

Info

Publication number: US1109891A
Application number: US63304111A
Authority: US
Inventors: Lewis Ginter Young
Original assignee: MINNIE E YOUNG
Current assignee: MINNIE E YOUNG
Priority date: 1911-06-14
Filing date: 1911-06-14
Publication date: 1914-09-08
Anticipated expiration: 1931-09-08

Description

L. G. YOUNG.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE14.1011.

E 00 1S m SE dH es M B t a P WITNESSES ATTORIIEY I L. G. YOUNG.

FLYING MAGHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 14. 1911.

1,109,891. n ed Sept. 8, 1914.

, 6 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

INVENTOR WITNESSES 414, M 16m; 4% (%a/ 2 BY T'I ORNEY L. G. YOUNG.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION TILED JUNE 14, 1911.

ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 8, 1914.

e SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES L. G. YOUNG.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 14. 1911.

M m a 4 0 Wm M% M 7 E 0 00% V n no 4 A PS 1 m M :7 dm MW w v.

Egg.

L. G. YOUNG.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 14. 1911.

1 1 09,891 Patented Sept.8, 1914.

6 SHEETS SHEET 5.

Illllllllllllllll WITH/E8858 i uwmron L. G. YGUNG. FLYING MAGHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 14'. 1911.

Patented Spt. 8,1914.

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W/TNE88E8 INVENTOR (9M Jazz/1Z5 kizinyazzy BY 0% QM 5 M ATTORNEY I .Yotmo, a citizen of the United. State .;resident of New .York city, New

STATES PATENT F 'rnwrs emu. rouse, or New rank, n. Y., 'assrenon we miss; new. saw

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented se a-s, 1914.

Application medians 14, um. semi m. 633,041.

To all whom it may concern:

.Be it known that I, .Lnwxs Gm'rmz and ork, h'ave'invented certain new and useful Improvements in Flying-Machines, of which the following is a specification containing a full, clear, and exact description, refer encc being bad to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

,My invention relates to flying machines,- and the principal object of my invention is "to construct a flying machine which may be curved or adjusted in arcs of different circles, and have the sum of the supports,

regardless of any adjustment of the mabeincreased or chine, always perpendicular to the sum of the weights. Furthermore, the supporting surface, forccor ower of the aeroplane may e'creased at the will of the operator, so that during the ascent, descent or varied stability, the planes may be ven the maximum supporting surface or orce, or the supporting surface or force of the aeroplanes may be increased or decreased at "the willof the operator.

To the above purposes, my invention consistsin certain novel features of construction and arrangement of parts which will be hereinafter more fully set forth, pointed out .in the claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:-

Figure-1 is a side elevation of my ma-- tioniof -the triangular framework in w ic h "said plane is mounted, 1n section; Fig. 2 1s .an'elevation looking toward the front of the machine, the upper dotted lines in the left,

of, said figure indicating one plane elevated for maximum support; Fig. 3 is a top gplan' view, of the machine with a art of "one. of theside planes broken away; 1g. 4 IS a sectional perspective view of a part of two sections of the tail or. rear body portion of" the machine, illustrating the means by which: the fins o a a n P181195 are curved transversely, either upwardly or downwardly; Fig. 5 is a section taken entire line M of Fig. 3, illustrating one'plane in front elevation, also the triangular frame- ,workio'f one plane-in elevation, and showing the wiring, in dotted lines located in the framework for operating the plane, .andthe operatin mechanism for the lane, tail or rear y ortion of the mac 'ne in front elevation; ig. 6 is a vertical section of a portion of the framework showing the wires and pulleys for supporting, lowering and elevating the planes and the horizontal steering planes; Fig. 7 is a section taken on the line 7-7 of Fig. 5, looking toward the body portion of the machine; Fig. 7 is a detailed view, with parts broken awa showing the method of mountingthe si e planes on the trian ular framework; Fig. 8 1s a longitudinal, iametrical, vertical section of the tail or rear body portion of the machine, taken on the line 88 of Fig. 3, the metal bands of the tail sections not being shown; Fig. 9 is an enlarged transverse section taken through the tail sections on the line 99 of Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a vertical section taken on the line 10-10 of Fig. 5, showing wiring, rack and segment of a gear wheel in side elevation, and pulleys for the operation of the planes; Fig. 11 is a side e evation of the operating levers, the operating handles and sup orting shaft in section, and ratchet wheels. Fig. 12 is a sectionon the line 12-12 of Fig. 11; Fig. 13

is a section on the line 13-13 of Fig. 11; Fig. 14 is a top plan. view of the shafts which carry the 0 rating levers, pulleys and sprocket whee and connections between the shafts, and illustrating one-half of the mechanism for operating the planes and the tail or rear body portion of the machine; Fig. 15 is a section taken through one of the shafts and one of the cone pulleys, showing the method of ailixing the wire thereto;Fig. 16 is a diagrammatical perspective view illustrating the horizontal steering planes, wiring for said planes, and -aHf Ot lever for operating .is-a view similar to Fig'. 16 illustrating the the same; Fig. 16

wiring and two foot levers for tgierating the steering planes independently 0 each other; and Fig. 17 is a diagrammatical outline view in perspective. of the machine in flight, illustrating the fundamental principles of its construction. r

Referring by numerals to the accompan zingdrawings; .1. indicates the casing of t e body, madeof any suitable material, such as sheet alunnnnmwhiph is curved almost circular-in cross section. 'The for-- m the casing, and c h I passing longitudinally of the casing and at" the end of an egg and the lower surface iscurved inapproximately the are of a circle.

This casing is supported 'or'huilt around any suitable framework, and in the construction shown a portion of the framework comprises L-shaped bands 2, spaced apart, passing transverse] around the inside of liannel-shaped members up )roxiniate right angles to the bands 2.

- he casing 1 is'provided with an opening 3 forthe entrance and exit ofthe operator, and in front of this openin 3 a hood or shield 4. is formed or locate which has a curved front portion, and projects above the top ed e of t e'opening 3.

5 in icates a motor, of any suitable con-i struction or type, located within the casin 1, which motor is supported and mounte within said casing 'on any suitable support-I ing members, not shown.

7 indicates a propeller, of any desired form of OOIIStIllCtlOH.

8 indicates a. tube, which passes transversely across the t'op'of the casing 1 and above said casing, and projects an 'equa'l distance on each side of the vertical central line thereof, and has its terminal portions 9 M ing, and has its-terminalportions 11 curved upwardly,"as illustrated in Fig. 2. The curved

terminal portions

9 and 11 are connected or united in any suitable mechanical manner. The tube 8, located above the cas M ing, and the tube 10, located below the C831 ing, are connected at certain distances apart throughout their lengths, by means of tubu lar

members

12, 13, 14, 15, 16,117, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22. The ends of these tubular memhers 12 to 22 inclusive are connected to the

tubular members

8 and 10 in any suitable manner, as by being brazed together, or otherwise. In cross sectionthe

tubular members

8 and 10, and ia-to 22 inclusive,

should be such as to offer the least resistance to the air.

Passing transversely through the casing 1 and in the rear of the

tubes

8 and 10 is a tube 23." The terminal portions of this tube 23 are-curved, as at 24, and the ends thereof are secured-in any suitable manner at the points of intersection or joining of the tubu lar members 8 and 10 (seeFig 3 for illus t-ration). On each side of the casing 1 this tube 23 is curved upwardly, corresponding approximately with the longitudinal curva ture of the planes of the machine. The tube 23, passing. through the casing 1 of the machine and the tube- 8, passing above and .5 across the casing, are connected together at suitable, distances apart on each side. of the "casing; 1; by means of tubes25, 26,227, .28

and 29.. Onthe opposite side of the casing 1. similar tubes are employedior, connecting -thdt'ube 2310 the tube 8. The construction of the framework on each side of the casing 1 is identical.

. The tube 10, lying elow the body or casing 1, is connected with the tube 23byza series of tubular members 30, which connect the tube 23 and the tube 10 throughout their lengths at the points of intersection of the tubes 12 to 22 inclusive, with the tube 10.

It will thus be seen that the framework,

heretofore described, projecting on each side 'of the casing 1, is triangular in crosssection,

as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 7, and-in this -"frameworkthe planes of the machine are mounted. This triangular framework is securely fastened to the framework on the inside of the'casing 1 in any suitable mechanical manner, so that it will be SubSt&1l1-- tially secured to said framework and cannot be. moved or distorted relative to the eas- It will be seen by reference to Fig. 5 that the central tubular member 17 is cut away about centrally of its length, leavi two tubular branches, 31 and 32, the tub dTar branch 31 projecting downwardly within the casing-1 from the tube 8, and the tubular member 32 projecting upwardly within the casing from a the tube 10. These

tubular branches

31 and 32 are secured in any suitable manner 'to the framework on the inside of the casing 1.- The lower end of the tubular branch 31 has its walls perforated with a series of mrforations (see Fig. 10 for illustration), through which pass the wires leading to the planes. Likewise, the upper end of branch 32 has perforations in its Wall, through which the wires secured to the planes pass.

My machine is rovided with two planes which are identica in'construction and operation. These lanes are pivotall secured to the frameworh on the inside of t ceasing 1 and are each set at an angle of incidence of approximately 13? to the horizontal. The angle ofincidence is always fixed ,or constant. The center of support of each plane may be shifted by lowering and elevating the planes, and the supporting area or force of each plane may be varied at the will of the operator. In other words, the sup orting surface or force may be incred or ecrcased at the will of the operator, so that durin ascent, descent or varied stability the p ane may be given the maximum supporting surface or force. When flying in a straightline, the supporting surface may be decreased, thus re ucing t e friction er the air on the lanes. In the construction shown (each p ane bein identical in construction-I will dcscriw only one) the plane a rigid portion 33, which the rigid portion 33 and the flexible portion.

34 is cut away, forming an opening35. The flexible portions 34 and 35may be con-. structed out of any suitable material, and;

, are designed to bend with the operation of .the rigid ortion 33. The rigid portion 33 is provid with two hinged members, 36,. which are secured to the L-shaped bands 2; of the framework by means of pivot pins 37. The planes are capable of bemg swung upwardly and downwardly on these pivots,

and are supported and operated by themeche anism hereinafter described. The inner or forward margin of the flexible portion 34 of;

the plane is secured to the rear margin of the rigid portion 33* in an suitable and mechanical manner, and t e out er margin oi, the flexible portion 34 is secured to the tubular member 23 in any suitable manner; likeso wise, the flexible end margin 35 is secured. to the tube 23 and the end of therigid por-. tion 33. The ri d portion 33 of the plane is-curved u war ly and also has a transverse curvature m front to rear, as illustrated; 35 in F 2, 5 and 7. When the plane is down to its owest position, the flexi le portion 34 is curved upwardly and rearwardly, and the plane in transverse section would have 'sub-. stantially the transverse curvature from front to rear illustrated in Figs. 1 and '7. When the'rigi'd ortion of the plane 33 is elevated to give t e plane its maximum sup port, the rear flexible margin 34 is straightened out, and the plane would have substan- 45, tially the transverse curvature illustrated in dotted lmes in Fi 7 and its curvature longitudinally wo d be substantiall as illustrated in dotted lines in Fig. 5. en the plane is down, the flexible end-margin .5035 would have substantially the curvature.

illustrated in. Figs. 2 and 5. The plane is practically located in the triangular frame; work heretofore described, the tubes 12 to 22 inclusive of the framework throu h nin'gs formed through t e planes. e p no is'provlded with' a longitudinal curved 85", which carries a metal band 36*.

tubes connectin the

tubes

8 and 10 which use through t 'e' planes are provided so with s ets 37", and mounted in the slots 37? and in the slots 37 formed in the band 36' I are pins 88, to which ins the wires which rtand mov the anes are secured. It .wi heoheerved y re errin to Fig. 7' that as this construction permits e planes to be the rear margin of the rigid elevated upwardly and downwardly on the tubes without binding, as the pins 38 can move upwardly and,downwardly in the slots 37" and can move or shift laterally in the slots 37'. Each 0 ening through the planethat is, where t e tubes pass through the plane-is provided with a connection as described and illustrated in Fig. 7

As shown, I have illustrated only one row or set of tubular members passing throu h the planes a .short distance back from t e front edge of the plane, but if desired, an additional row of tubular members may be passed through the plane along the rear margin thereof, In such case, the tubes won (1 pass through the fixed portion 33 of the plane in proximity to its rear margin.

As heretofore stated, there are two planes, one oneach side of the machine, which are identical in construction and mode of op: eratlon and are operated simultaneously; that is to say, they are both operated upwardly for maximum support, whereby the center of support of each plane is moved outwardly from the casing, and they are moved downwardly to decrease the support.

'In other words, the supporting surface, .force or powermay be gradually varied and the center of support of each plane shifted inwardly and outwardly by the simultaneousoperation of the 'planes, but the angle of inc dence remains fixed 'and constant.

The machine may be adjusted or curved so that its longitudinal central line or axis describes the arc of a circle, and when so adjusted the supporting, planes may be swung upward to give maximum'support to the machine. a

The entire body portionof the machine from the casing 1 rearwardly isflexible and -made up of a series of tubular sections 39,. till, 41, 42 andf43 (see Fig. 8 for illustralOn made out of 'any'suitable material and covered with eloth or'any suitable fabric, is

movable relatively to every other, and the section 39. is movablerelatively to the casing I. Asheretoforestated, by such a construction, the entire body of the machine longitudinally, that is to say, from the propeller shaft to the end ofthe machine, may be. curved or adjusted to lie in or coincide withthe arc of a circle, as illustrated in Fig. 17

Projecting laterally from the sections 40-, 41, 42 and .43 are fins or balancing planes 44 and 45. These fins, 44 and 45*, are arranged to curve upwardly with the upward Each 'of these sections, which are curvature or adjustment ofthe sections 40,

41, 42 and 43, and to curve downwardly with the downward movement or adjustment of the same, the several planes on each side" forming in effect a flexible plane which flexes with the body either upwardly or downwardly.

I will now proceed to describe the con- &

struction of thebody and tail of the ma chine backward from the casing 1.

The rear end of the casing 1 is provided? on its inside with a bearing ring 43", and

5 the forward end of section'39 is slightly.

contracted. The contracted portion of the section 39 is located in the ring or band 43 of the casing 1.

The pivotal connection by means of WDIClT the section 39 is secured to the casing 1, section 40 secured to the section 39, section 41 secured to the section 40, and section 42 secured to the section 41, is illustrated .in Fig. 9, which-is an enlarged transverse section through the forward end of section 41 and the rear end of section 40, it being understood in this connection that in Fig. 8 the bearing rings passing around the ends of the section are not shown. The connection between the sections referred to, as above stated, is illustrated ,in Fig. 9, and consists of a tubular shaft 44 passing through the ends of the sections diametrically. In fact,- there are two tubular shafts, such as 44, the inner ends of which are spaced apart, and mounted on these tubes 44 is a rotatj ing sleeve 46. The rotatingsleeve has fixed to it two pulleys, 46 and 47, and formed through the sleeve between the pulleys is an elongated or oblong. opening .48. The pivotal connection between the-forward end of the section 39 and the casing 1,-the rear. end of section 39 and the forward end of section 40, the rear end of section 40 and the i 85 forward end of section 41, and the. rear end of section 41 and the forward end of section 42, are-the same, as above described. The connection between the rear end of section -42 and the forward end of section 43 is an miordinary hollow shaft or tube 49, passing diametrically through the mentioned ends of 'said sections. By such connection between the sections, said sections are permitted to move upwardly and downwardly relative to 45 each other, but do not permit of any lateral or side movement of the sections. In Fig. 8 I have shownalongitudinaldiai metrical vertical section ofa portion of the rear end of the casing, and the machine rear 60 ward of the casing, andIhaveishown one-i half of the wiring andconnections for adjust ing the sections, and beginning with the-last section 43, one end of the wire 48-is secured to the top or front end of section 43 and them said wire is passed forwardly and around, the rotating sleeve 45, and secured tosaid sleeve, and the free end thereof ispasscd backwardlyand secured to the lower portion" of the front-end ofsection .48. It will be understood ih thisconnection that'hoth ends of'two such wires-are secured to the iron} .end of the section 43-a'nd intermediate .0 their ends they are secured to. the rotating sleeve 45. Thus it will be seen that if-thd may be adjusted independently ofthe sec-. tions. 39 to 41. inclusive. By such an ar- '1 to 'section 43 may bewad'usteddn.

proximately .an S-shaped out me.

rotating sleeve 45 is turned or rotated to the left in Fi 8, the section 43 will be pulled u ward y. on its pivotal connection 49. If t e sleeve 45 is rotated in the opposite direction, the section 43 will be depressed or lowered. The wiring connected to the forward ends of

sections

42, 41, 40

. and 39 is the same, and, as heretofore stated,

the pivotal connections between said sections and section 39 with casing 1 are the same. In order to rotate the sleeve 45 at the connection between the forward end of section 42 and the rear end of section 41, two wires are placed over the

pulleys

46 and 47, and their free ends passed through the elongated opening 48 in the rotating sleeve 45, and carried through the openings formed in all the rotatingsleeves in advance of it, and then carried forward and connected to one end of the sprocket chain 103 (see Fig. 14). The other ends of said wires are connected to the opposite end of said sprocket chain. Similar wires are located on the pulleys at the connection between the forward end of section 41 and 'the rear end of section 40,' the forward end of section 40 and the rear 90. end of section 39, and the forward end of. section 39 with the casing 1. Th'ewires are brought forward, and one of the free ends of each is connected to one end of a sprocket. chain 103, and the op osite end to the other. end of said sprocket c ain. The wiring for these sections, 39 to 43 inclusive, isillustrated in Figs. 8, 11 and 14. By pulling one end of the wiring passed over the

pulleys

46 and 47, the

sections

39, 40, 41, 42and 43 may 100 be gradually curved. or adjusted upwardly, as illustratedin Figs. 8 and 17.

.The sections 42 and'43 arecapable of mdependent-downward movement or adjust: ment relative. to sections 39 to 41 inclusive, as illustrated by dotted lines in Fig. 8; or these two sections, 42 and 43, may be moved or adjusted upwardly simultaneously with the upward movement or adjustment of sec-- tions 3.9 to 41 nclusive. In other words, all 4 the-sections, 39 to 43 inclusive, may be simultaneously moved or adjusted upwardly or downwardly, and the. sections-.42 and 43 rangement, the machine may be adjustcdupwardly to form the arc ofacircle, or t e two

sections

42 and 43 may be adgusted downwardly;- or the machine from casing;

a This 5-- shaped outline is effected by first adjusting all the sections upwardly and thenv adjusting the sections42 and 43 downwardly,. without adjusting the other sections,: 39 to 41. inclusive. The independent adjustment of

sections

42 and 43 is controlled by a sprocket wheel 79 (see Fig; 14),.which may MQD be operated simultaneously with the sprocket wheel 62, or it may be operated independently.

In Fig. 14 I have shown a top plan view, and in Fig. 5 a front elevation of the mechanism for operating the wiring secured 'to the planes and the wiring of the sections 39 to 43 inclusive. Fig. 14 illustrates one-half of the mechanism for operating the planes and said sections. Suitably mounted in the framework within the casing 1 are two horizontally disposed shafts 50 and 51, the shaft 50 being mounted in front of the shaft 51. Keyed to the shaft 50 is a sprocket wheel 52, and a cone pulley 53. There are two cone pulleys, such as 53, on the .shaft 50, one of which controls the wiring for one of the planes on one side of the machine, and the other controls the wiring for the plane on the opposite side of the machine. In the construction shown, the wires which support and operate each plane are attached to the plane at five points longitudinally of its length. The wiring for each plane is concealed in the tubular members forming the framework. By such a construction, the wires offer no resistance.

The wiring for each plane is the same, and is as follows, (reference being had to Figs. 5, 6 and 7) The wire is attached to the pin 38, passed up through the tube 18 and over the pulley 54, over the pulley 55, down through the branch 31 and out through a small hole in the side of this tubular branch, and placed in the groove 56 of the cone pulley 53. The wire is wrapped once around said pulley and secured thereto, as illustrated in Fig. 15, brought down through a hole in branch 32 and over a-pulle located at theintersection of said branc with the tube 10, passed through-tube 10 to the left (Fig. 5) and up through the tube 18 andsecured to the pin 38. In other words, one end of the wire which is secured to the pin 38 where the tube 1.8 passes through the plane, is passed through the tubing and over the cone pulley 53 in the groove 56 thereof, and the oppositeend is carried through the tubing and secured to the same pin 38. In the construction shown there are four such wires for supporting and operating each plane at four points, namely, where the

tubes

18, 19, 21 and 22 pass through the'plane, these wires being located respectively 1n the grooves 56, 57, 58 and 59 of the cone pulley 53. At the center of support of the plane, that is, where the tube 20 passes through the plane, a similar wire is used, but one end of this wire, instead of passing around the cone pulley 53 is attached to a rack 60 (see Fig. 10). In other words, at this point there is a wire, one end of which is secured to the pin 38, led through the tube and its opposite end secured to one end of the rack 60, and leading conepulley 53 and the other wire from the lower end of said rack 60 is a simiwhieh passes downwardly and through the tube 10, and passes up through the tube 20 and is secured to the pin 38. In other words, as shown, five wires are employed to support and operate each plane, four of said wires being operated b the em operated by the rack 60. This rack 60 mounted on a tube 60, and is operated upwardly and downwardly by means of the segment of a gear wheel 61 mounted on the shaft 50. In other words, the rotation of the shaft 50 actuates the cone pulley 53 and the rack 60.

Mounted on the stationary shaft 51 is a double sprocket wheel 62, and the sprocket wheel 52 mounted on the rotating shaft 50 has a sprocket chain 63, passing over the double sprocket wheel 62. The segment of the gear wheel 61 is mounted on the rotating shaft 50, as stated, and secured to this segment of the gear wheel 61 is a heavy coil spring 64, one end of said heavy coil spring 64 belng secured to the rod 65, which rod is connected to a rod 66 by means of an internal screw threaded sleeve 67. The. rod 66 is secured to the framework on the inside of the casing 1. By turning the internally screw threaded sleeve 67 the tension on the spring 64 may be varied. The operating levers are mounted on the stationary shaft 51, as shown in Figs. 5, 13, and 14. The operating let'er 68 is keyed on the hub 70 of the double sprocket wheel 62 by means of a key 71. By operating the lever 68, the double sprocket wheel 62 is rotated on the stationary shaft 51. Keyed to the stationary shaft 51 are two

ratchet wheels

72 and 73, the teeth of which oint in opposite directions, and adapted to engage with the ratchet wheel 72 is a spring held pawl 74, and adapted to engage with the ratchet wheel 73is a s ring held pawl 75. The spring held

paw

74 and 75 are disengaged by pressing the member 76 toward the handle bar 77. (See Fig. 11.) The lever 69 is mounted on or connected to the hub 78 of the sprocket wheel'7 9 by means of a key 80. By operating the lever 69, the sprocket wheel 79 is rotated on the stationary shaft 51. The lever 69 is detachably secured to the lever 68b means of a spring held button 81 (see igs. 11 and 12). The stem of the button passes through the lever 69, and when engaged its free end 1s seated in the o ening 82 of the lever 68, it being held seate 'in said opening by means of. a spring 83 lying on the face of lever 69, and on the shoulder 84 of the stem of the button. The stem of ,the button 81 is released from the opening'82 by means of the lever 85, carrymg on its lower end a wedge-shaped member 86. By pulling the lever 85 toward the handle 87 of the lever 69, the wedge-shaped tube -20 member 86 will release the endof the-stem from the opening 82, thus rm-ittin' the lever 69 "to be operated ind pendently oi the lever 68. By this arrangement, the two

levers

68 and 69 may be operated together,

or the lever 69 may be operated independ-'- ently of the lever 68. When the two levers, 68 and 69 are locked together, by operating the lever 68 the doublesprocket wheel 62 and the sprocket wheel 79 'are' rotated together. It, said levers-are disengaged by pressing on the lever 85, the lever'69, and.

consequently the sprocket wheel 79, may be operated independently of the lever 68. The

' wiring which controls

sections

43 and 42 of thetail or rear body portion of the machine is ledto the sprocket chain 103 mounted on the sprocket wheel 79, and when it is desired to adjust these two sections, 42 and 43, independently. of the sections 41',

40 and 39, the lever 69 isdisengaged fromthe lever 68 andfoper'ated independently.

From. the foregoing description, it will be seen that when the

levers

68 and 69 are locked together. and pushed forwardly by the operator, the dou le sprocket wheel 62 and. the single sprocket wheel 79, and the double sprocket wheel 62, and the sprocket chain. 103 carried by the. single sprocket wheel,79, will move forwardly and" pull for wardly the wiring which adjusts the

sections

39, 40,41, 42 and 43. By pushing forward the

levers

68 and 69,as heretofore stated, the rig'd portions33' of the planes areelevated and the sections 39 to 43 inclusive are moved or adjusted upwardly. When it is desired to give, the machine the maximum support, the rigid portions of the planes are. elevated and the sections 39 to 43 inclusive are simultaneously adjusted or curved upwardly. It will be understood wardly, the segment of the gear wheel61 is rotated to the and the rack'60 is moved downwardly and will consequently pull the wire which leads fronithe top end of said rack to the center of "support ofthe lane that is, where the passes t oug' the plane. The sheavedcone pulley 53 and the rack 60 operate the wiring for the planes. 'The' double sprocketwwheel 62 and the single sprocket wheel 79' operate thewires for the tail or in this connection that when thelevers. 68 and 69 are pushed for-- eft, as illustrated in Fig. 10,.

rear body sections 39 to 43 inclusive. If it is desired to lower the rigid portions 33 of the planes and straighten out the sections 39 to 43 inclusive, the operator pulls the lever 68 with the lever 69 locked thereto, toward him. This operation is performed when it is "desired to decrease the su port of the planes. By such construction it will be seen that the increase and decrease of the supporting area, force or power of the planes and'the adjustment of the sections 39 to 43 inclusive, are under the positive control of the operator, and practically by means of one lever.

In Fig. 4 I have illustrated the construction by means of which, when the sections 40 to 43 inclusive, are curved or adjusted upwardly, the fins or balancing planes 44 and 45 are curved upwardly. The fins or balancing planes 44 and 45 are carried by the sections 40 to 43 inclusive, and are constructed by the use of flexible ribs 87 passing through the tubular pivotal connection between the sections, and secured to the ends thereof is a wire 87, which wire is brought through a hole 87 in the end of section 41, and connected to the edge of the end of sec tion 42. There is a similar connection below and on the, opposite side of the sections. When the section 42 is moved upwardly, the wire 87" will be pulled downwardly in the middle, or shortened, which shortening of the wire 87 will pull upwardly the ends of the flexible rib 87*, and consequently curve upwardly the fins or balancing planes 44 and 45. If the section 42 is moved downwardly, the wire beneath the'section will be shortened, and the ends of the flexible rib 87 will be pulled downwardly, consequently the fins 44 and 45 will be curved downwardly. By such a construction, when the sections 39 to 43 inclusive are moved or adjusted upwardly, the fins 44 and 45 will be slightly curved upwardly, and when the

sections

42 and 43 are curved downwardly, said fins will be slightly curved downwardly.

90 indicates horizontal steering planes, and in Fig. 16 I have shown the wirin and foot lever for operating said steering p anes.

These steering planes are loosely mounted on the tube 230i the trianguliw framework of the planes, and the wiring is led through the tubular framework down through the branch 31,. and is connected'to' the lever 91 which is pivotally securedto the fra work on the lIlSldB of easing 1. These horizontal. steering planes are positively suprted in horizontal position by the wiring, as illustrated in Fig. 16, and are operated by the foot of the operator acting on the pivoted foot lever 91. Whenlone end of the foot, lever 91 is pressed downwardly to the right, as in Fig. 16, the horizontal steering plane 90 on the right will 'be depressed, and the horizontal steering plane on the left will be elevated an equal distance. If the pedal or foot lever is pressed down on the left, the movement of the horizontal steering planes will be reversed. It will thus be seen that the horizontal steering planes are positively controlled and when one is pulled downwardly the opposite one is elevated an equal distance, and vice versa. If it is desired to operate the steering planes 90 upwardly or downwardly independently of each other two foot levers, such as 91, are employed and the planes wired separately to each foot'lever, as illustrated in Fig. 16.

The machine is Supported by three wheels. The wheel 92 is mounted in the U-shaped frame. 95, which is secured and yieldingly mounted on section 39, which U-shaped frame is braced by a rod 96. Each of the

wheels

93 and 94 is mounted or carried on a yielding framework 97, and lying intermediate of these wheels is a skid or slide 98, one end of which is slidin ly and pivotally mounted on a rod carried by the triangular framework, and secured to its forward end is a rod 100, seated in a tube or cylinder 101, provided with an opening for the admission of air when the rod or plunger 100 is moved downwardly. When the rod 100 is moved downwardly, air is sucked in through the opening in the tube or cylinder 101, which forms an air cushion for the rod or plunger 100 when the same is pushed upwardly. Thus it will be seen that the machine is yieldingly supported by springs and air cushions to minimize the shock when the machine alights on the ground. i

The operation of my improved flying machine is as follows: The 0 erator or aviator takes his seat in the mac line through the opening 3 and the motor 5 is started, and when .the motor has reached sufiicient speed the operator pushes forward the lever 68 (it being understood in this connection that the lever 69 is locked to the lever 68), and the forward movement of said lever will,

elevate the rigid portion 33 of the planes and straighten out the flexible

rear margins

34 and 35 thereof. \Vith this operation, the I sections 39 to 43 inclusive will be curved upwardly. This operation will give the machine the maximum support, .which is ad vantagcous in rising, and the longitudinal curvature of the machine will cause the machine to ascend upwardly in a curved line of flight. When the rigid portions of the side planes are elevated, and the tail or rear section of the body portion is curved, the longitudinal axis of the machine from the tip of the tail'to the pro eller shaft, will dealtitude, the rigid portions of :theqflancs may be depressed or lowered, and .tlie'ftailor the operator oraviator pulling towv aiii him the lever 68.. By operating the lever 68,

mg and depressing the planes, the support ing area, force or power of the planes may operator. Thus'it will be seen that the supporting area, force or power of the planes will be decreased with the lowering of the rigid portions 33, and by elevating said rigid portions the supportingarea, force or power will be increased, and assuming the speed of the machine to be constant with the increase of supporting area, the resistance will he increased, and with the decrease of the sup porting area the resistance will be lessened, and it will he undelstood in this connection that the lowering and elevating of the rigid portions 33of-the planes does not change the angle of incidence-the angle of incidence being always fixed or constant. It will be further understood that with the elevation of the rigid portions 33 of the planes, the center of support of each plane moves out- \vardly from the body of the machine.

It is apparent from the description hereto fore set forth that the support of the machine may be gradually varied and controlled at the will of the operator, and that when the center of support of each plane is moved outwardly by the upward movementof the plane, the supporting area is increased. It is believed that with the for ward and rearward operation of the lovers 6S and 69, when locked together,- and the consequent elevation of the rigid portion 33 of the planes, and the upward curvature of sive, and the lowering of these rigid portions and the straightening out of the sections, the machine will travel forward in an undulating line of flight if the motor should-stop, because if we assume the machine supported in the air by its maximum support-that is, when the rigid portions of the planes are elevated-by depressing the rigid portions the support will be decreased, the friction lessened, and the machine will byits own momentum go forwardly in a downwardly inclined curve.

planes. 44 and 45 curve upwardly with the upward movement or adjustment of the tail sections 39 to 43 inclusive, and curve downwardly with the downward movement or adjustmentof the sections 4'2 and If it is desired to change the direction of flight laterally, the operator. elevates the rigid portions of the planes and curves the tail or rearhody sections 2391;043 inclu which actuates the siemzed .cone'pulley and the rack 6?, on which is mountcdgor, secured the wiring for supporting, filQVfl-ilfl' be increased or decreased at the WillOftllt l As heretofore stated, the fins or balancing upwardly the an sections 39 to is inelusive. This adjustment will cause the machine to-first move in an arc of a verticalcircle and then by manipulation of the horizontal steering plane 90 by means of the pivotal foot lever 91, the direction of flight changed from a vertical circle to an oblique circle, corresponding, or course, as to which side of the pedal 91 is dep'ressed. It will thus' be seen that the direction of flight is changed from the are of a vertical 'circle by means of the horizontal steering planesfio to-the arc of an oblique circle or orizontalcircle. It will thus be seen, from the foregoing description, that the machine, when it rises from the ground, ascends in the arc of a circle; in flight it travels in the arc' of a circle; in changingthe direction of flight it travels inthe are ofa circle; and in descendin to the earth it travelsin' the are of a circ e. Of course it will be understoodin thisconnectio'n that thearcsof circl'es" described in rising, in flight, in changing the direction of fii 'ht and indescending, vary, depending on the adjustment ofthe machine. 4

The practical advantages arising from my invention in -a general way, are as follower the will of the operator'by adjustin the machine back to its curved form. y being able to curve the machine, the changing of the direction of flight is rendered more safe. By being able to gradually curve the machine and vary the support in descending to alight, the gliding may be more uniformly and easil controlled. In curved line flight, the re ations between the center of support and the center of weights always remain the same, so that if the machine is inclined to the horizontal, the weights are not displaced from the line joining the center of support. a

The principle of construction, of my machine is diagrammatically illustrated approximately in Fig. 17, being a perspective view of the machine in outline in flight. Referring tothis illustratioii, the'point f indicates the sum or center of the weights of the entire machine. The line d'--.cindicates the machine in a straight line, having the center of the sum of the weights at t indicates a line struck from f perpendicular to d--c'. m-b is-a line connecting the center of the sum of the supports of the equal. intersects the line f-t at the point 0, WhlCh machine.

planes om each side ofthemachine which are This line H passes through or point represents the-total sum of the supports in the-adjustment as illustrated, and which is perpendicular to the line f--t. The point 0 is not fixed-on-the line .-f--t but is variable along the line. ft, depending on the are made by the machine when curved and the consequential change in position of the center f of the sum of the Weights. G-. -H indicates an arc of an assumed circ e where fagain indicates, for the urposes of this description, the center 0 the sum: of the weights, having its center at some point on the. line f--t extended. The

machine is curved to coincide with the arc Greys-H, and it 'takes the position d-f-c along the same are. Atthe point 0 the line a is drawn perpendicular to the arc G--f- H, which cuts or intersects the 'extended line -f--t at the points, and determines the geometrical center. of the circle of which G--f-H is an arc. The are d-f-c has a chord dc. This chord l -c passes through the radius f-a at the point 0'. 'lhepoint 0' of intersection is the lowest point that the sum of the supports can be raised when the machine describes the arc al-f-c. But the support can be raised along the radius; for example, to the'point 0 on the chord 0-0, or higher along the same radius, but not higher than that point where the chord becomes perpendicular to the radius f--a. If the su port 0 is originally set abovethe sum of t e weights f when the machine is in a straight line d-f-c', then the sum of the supports will take a relative position above the point 0' if the machine 18 curved, rising relatively, for example, to the point 0 on the radius f--a, and if the su ports 0' or o are set at f when the machlne is in a straight line d'-f-c', the support can be raised to the point 0, but in all cases the center of supports 0 or o is on the variable radius f-s and perpendicular to the sum of the weights f on the line l'--f-c--it being understmd that the angle of incidence of the planes never varies relative to the center of the sum of the weightsyr rdless of any adjustment'oa. t

In the diagrammatical illustration relerred to, it will 'be understood, of w: that l \have shown only one adjustment oi the machine, and consequent-,1 one line c-b, connecting the centers 0 support each plane in such adjustment, wherein the center of support is set relatively ave f when the machine occupies -the ption d-f-c'. It will be appreciated that w the point f is shifted,- ue to the curving of the relatively heavy flexible tail ortion, the point 0 will shift corresponding y alo h maintaining the demribed relation to t e are point f. It is the structure by which this mvariable relation of the points 0 and f is secured that is of importance and it is onl by the employment of aweighted flexible tall and the flexing lanes that the invention can be realized an 'the desired stability automatically maintained.

From the above description and the illustration referred to, it will be seen that the sum of the weights. or the center of the sum of the weights of the machine always occupies a fixed relation to the center of the sum of the supports of the planes, regardless of the position of. the machine relative to the horizontal or the adjustment of the machine.

By being able to curve the balancin planes or fins 44 and 45 downwardly an to adjust or curve downwardly the

sections

42 and 43 independently of sections 39 to 41 inclusive, the speed of the machine in descending may be checked, said fins acting, as it were, as a kind of brake.

I claim: 1. A flying machine, comprising arigid body portion, a flexible rear body portion of substantial weight, a pair of supporting planes secured to and carried by said rigid body portion, and means for gradually flexing said flexible rear body portion during flight and maintaining it in a straight or curved form, whereby the center of the sum of the weights of the machine is maintained in the line which passes through the center of the sum of the supports, and stability is restored or maintained regardless of the adjustment of the machine or its inclination to the horizontal. 2. A flying machine, comprising a rigid body portion, a flexible rear body portion, a horizontal balancing plane disposed on each side of said flexible rear body portion and capable of relative angular movement therewith, a pair of sup'portin planes secured to and carried by the sai rigid body portion, and means for curving the flexible rear body portion and maintaining the same in the'desired curvature.

3.-In a flying machine, a pair of supporting planes disposed at a dihedral ang e and movable on, axes runnin approximately parallel with the body 0 the, machine, a flexible tail, means for elevating and lowering said supportin planes and simultaneously therewith a justing said tail, to lie on or describe arcs of circles of diflerent radii.

4. Ina flying machine, a flexible body portion capo le of being adjusted to arcs of diflerent circles, a pivoted supporting plane,

and means for simultaneously 1 operating said supporting plane and said body portion for increasing or decreasin the supporting force of said supporting p ane and adjuming said body portion in area of diflerent circles.

5. In a flying machine, a movable suporting plane having a rigid ortion curved on 'tudinally upwardly an downwardly an curved transversely upwardly and downwardly, and having secured along its rear margin a flexible portion and along its end margin :1 flexible portion, and means for elevating and lowering said ri 'd portion and straightenin out said flexi le portion, lowering said rigid ortion and curving said flexible portion, w ereby -thesupporting force of'the plane may be increased and decreased at the will of the operator.

6. In a flying machine, a casing, a framework for said casing, planes pivotally carried by said framework, a sectional body portion, balancing planes carried by said sectional body portion, means for elevating said planes and simultaneously adjusting upwardly the sectional body ortion and lowering said planes and 'straig tening out said body-portion, means for curving upwardly the balancing planes with the upward ad'ustment of the sectional body portion, an means for adjusting one or more of the motions of the sectional body ortion independently of theremaining sections thereof.

Ti. A flying machine, comprising a framework, a casin inclosing said framework, a triangular tu ular framework carried by said first mentioned framework, a pair of pivoted supporting planes mounted in said triangular tubular framework, each ofsaid supporting planes rovided along its rear margin and its end margin with a flexible portion, a sectional body portion, balancing planes carried by some of the sections of said flexible body portion, wiring for supporting, elevating and lowering the lanes, wiring for adjusting the sections of the sectional body portion relative each other, and a lever for raising the planes simultaneously therewith, adjusting the sections of the flexible .body portion relative each other, and a lever for adjusting two of-the sections of the sectional y portion relative to the remaining sections 8. In a'flying machine, a supporting plane mounted on an axis running approximately parallel with the body of the machine and provided alon its rear and end margin with a relative y movable transversely flexible portion, a rigid support for the margin of said flexible portion, and means for elevating and lowering said plane and maintaining the same in the desired adjustment, whereby the center of support of the plane is shifted and the supporting force thereof is varied. 4

9. In a flyin machine, a supporting plane having a rigi portion normally cambe longitudinally and transve ly, and provided along its rear and end mars with a relatively movable flexible portion and havin a rigid support for the margin oisaid exible portion, in combinationwith means for elevating said plane and changing its center ofsupport outwardly, and; simultaneously therewith increasing t e supthe operation of the said supporting plane having ed to its' tral ammo rear margin and its end a flexible portion, a. support for the outer margin of the flexible portion, and means for lowering and ole-1 vating said rigid portion, whereby said margins curve upwardly with the lowering of t e rigid. portion and the supportin force is decreased, and with the. 11 war movement of said rigid portion the erible; margin is curved downwardly -in a direction with the normal camber of the rigid portion. 11. A fiyin machine, comprising a cen-z and a casing therefor, a tri-i angular fISLHlBWORk CSLITlGd by said central framework, 'a'pivoted aeroplane carried on each side of said central framework and; practically mounted in said triangularf framework, a sectional rear body portion,: a supporting shaft carried by said central, framework, sprocket wheels mounted. on; said stationary shaft, a rotating shaft mo in said central framework, a sprocket wheel and cone pulley mounted on i said rotating shaft, a connection between said rotating and said stationary shafts, a

pair of levers mounted on said stationary shaft, means for ice and unlocking said levers so that they may be operated together or independently, sprocket chains carried by sprocket wheels on the stationary shaft and flexible connections between said-sprocketchains carried by the dationary shaft and the-cone pulley carried by the rotating shaft and the planes and rear body sections.

12. A flying machine, comp a 04311? tral framework and a cas'u therefor, a biangular framework carried by said central framework and projecting on each side that an equal distance, a pivoted aeroplane carried on each side of said central framework and practically mounted in the said triangular framework by having a part of the framework pass through the aeroplane, a'sectional rear body portion, a stationary shaft carried by said central framework, sprocket wheels mounted on said stationary shalt, a rotating shaft carried by said central framework, a sprocket wheel and cone pulley mounted on said rotating shaft, a flexible connection between said rota and said tion'ary shafts, a pair of lovers mean on said station shatt, m a for w:

J and unlocking said levers dol -99mi so that they may' orated together or independently, sprocket chains carried b the sprocket wheels on the stationary sha t and flexible connections between said sprocket chains carried by .the stationary shaft and the cone pulley carried by the rotating shaft and the planes and the rear body sections, whereby, by the operation of said levers when locked together, the planes and sectional rear body portion may be simultaneously adjusted, and by the operation of one of said levers independently of the other, certain sections of the sectional rear body portion may be operated independ' ently of the other sections thereof and the planes.

13. A flying machine, comprising a body portion, the major part "of the longitudinal axis'of which is capable of being flexed to lie on or describe arcs of circles of difi'erent radii to form a curved body, a pair of supporting planes, a series of balancing. planes capable of being flexed with thebody portion, and means for flexing said arpis during flight and maintainingthe same in straight or curvedform.

It. 'A'llying machine, comprising-a rigid body portion, a casing therefor, a flexible rear body portion provided with a mries of balancing planes capable of flexing there with, a transversely disposed framework carriediby said rigid body portion, a pair of'supporting planes mounted practically within said framework, a suitable motor and p propeller, and means for gradually dam" theflemble rear body portion, and maintain ing the same in the desired adjustment during ht. o

15. In a flying machine, a rigid y portion and a flexible rear body portion provided with a series of balanc pable 0t flexing therewith, a pair of supporting planes having a fixed angle of incidencecarried byjsaidgrigid body portion and set at, an angle to the horizontal, and means lorlowering and elevating said planes simultaneously for varying the angle and increasing and decreasing the supporting force thereof.

16. In a flying chine, a supporting plane mounted to swing up and down on an axis disposed in a direction approximately arallel with the body of the machine, a amble tail, means for elevatand lowerplanes caing said supporting plane on mid axis, and 1 simultaneously therewith curving said tail,

to lie on or describe arcs of circles of diderent radii.

17.111 a it machine, a supporting plane movable ly up and down on-an axis dispels a direction approximately parallel withthe body of themachine, a dem'ble tail, bal' w planes carried by said tail, on for adjwry said plane with means for simultaneously operating said supporting plane and said body portion for increasing or decreasing the supporting force of said supporting plane and adjusting said body portion to arcs of diflerent circles.

19. In a flying machine, a flexible body portion, a pivoted aeroplane, a horizontal steering plane carried by said aeroplane, a

pivoted foot lever and a flexible connection etween said foot-lever and said horizontal steeringplane for supporting the steering plane normally in a horizontal position and operating the same upwardly and downwardly.

20. In a flying machine, provided with a suitable motor and ropeller for'lifting and propelling said mac ine, a supporting aeroplane, a flexible tail provided with aplane, means for curving said tail to different degrees of curvature, and simultaneously therewith changing the angular relation of the longitudinal axis (transverse to the longitudinal axis of the machine) of the supporting plane to the horizontal.

21. In aflying machine, a supporting aeroplane having a fixed angle of incidcnceand set on the machine at an angle to the horizontal and mounted 'on'an axis disposed in a direction approximately parallel with the body of the machine, a flexible body portion, and means for gradually flexing the flexible body portion and simultaneously therewith changing the angular relation of the longitudinal axis (transverse to the longitudinal axis of the machine) of the supporting plane to the horizontal.

22. In a flying machine, a rigid body portion. supporting planes pivotallycarried by said.bod v portion and arranged at a dihedral angle to each other, a flexible rear body -ongitudinal central axis may assume a straight line or be curved so that said axis may assume or describe arcs of circles of different radii, supporting planes arranged at a dihedral angle, and means for gradually ad usting said rear body ortion at thewill of the operator and simultaneously there with varying the angle of the supporting planes.

24. In a flying machine, supporting planes pivoted on axes running approximately par allel with the body of'the machine, a flexible rear body portion capable of being curved or adjusted so that its longitudinal central axis may describe arcs of circles of different radii and provided with a series of balancing planes capable of flexing therewith, and means for curving or adjusting said rear body portion during the ascent, flight, or'descent of the machine.

25. In a flying machine, having a body portion capable of being adjusted or curved so that its longitudinal central axis may lie on or describe arcs of circles" of different radii, a suitable motor and propeller for lifting andpropelling said machine, a supporting plane, and means. for adjusting or .ourving said machine during ascent, flight or descent, and simultaneously therewith varying the angle of the supporting plane.

26. In a flying machine, having a suitable motor and propeller for lifting and propelling said machine, a supporting aeroplane arranged at an angle to the horizontal, a flexible tail'provided with balancin planes and capable of being given a double reverse curvature, and means for varying the angle of the supporting plane and simultaneously therewith adjusting the flexible tail to a compound reverse .-urvature.

27. In a flying machine, a rigid body portion and a flexible body portion, a trans versely disposed triangular framework carried by the rigid body portion. a supporting plane carried by the rigid body portion and set at an angle and on an axis running in a direction approximately parallel with the said rigid body portion, and means for varying the angle of the supporting plane without changing its angle of incidence, and simultaneously therewith adjustingthe flexible body portion.

28. In a flying machine provided with a suitable motor and propeller for lifting and propelli said machine, a flexible body tion capa 1c of being flexed so that its gitudinal central axis may assume a straight line or be curved to assume or describe arcs of circles of different radii and provided with a series of planes capable of flexing therewith, a supporting plane and means for uniformly flexing said, flexible body portion during flight.

29. In a flying machine, a flexible body portion, a pair of supporting planes capable of having their supporting force increased without varying their superficial area, and

sitely disp having a fixed angle of incidence and set at an angle to the horizontal, and means for gradually flexing the flexible body portion and simultaneously varying the angle of the supporting planes.

30. In a flying machine, a rigid body portion, a sectional body portion, the sections whereof are pivotally connected together, a

tached to the flexiblebody portion at difflexi le connections atmanner ferent points throughout its length, and means for operating said flexible connections whereb the axis of the flexible body portion may be adjusted to lie on or describe arcs of circles-of different radii, or ma be maintained in a straight line during flight.

32. In a flying machine, a flexible rear body portion 0 substantial weight, and means for adjusting and maintaining dur: ing flight the longitudinal axis of the flexible rear body portion in straight or curved form, whereby-the center of gravity of the machine may be. shifted durmgi flight regardless of the adjustment of t e machine or its inclination.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, presence of two subscribilnfiwitnesses.

WIS GI-NTEE YOUNG Witnesses:

AsnnnGownn', ALEXANDER Foneram.