US1109555A - Extrusion-machine. - Google Patents

Description

D. L. SUMMEY.

EXTRUSION MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JANA, 1913'v 1,109,555, Patented Sept. 1, 1914.

6 SHEETSSHEET 1 D. L. SUMMEY.

EXTRUSION MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JANA, 1013.

Patented S63E11]. 1, 1914.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2 D. L. SUMME-Y.

EXTRUSION MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JANA, 1913.

1,109,555, Patented Sept. 1, 1914.

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D. L. SUMMEY.

EXTRUSION MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JANA, 191s.

Patented Sept. 1, 1914.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

D. L. SUMMEY.

EXTRUSION MACHINE. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 3.

1,109,555, Patented Sept. 1, 1914.

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EXTRUSION MACHINE,

APPLICATION FILED JANA, 1913. 31G955 Patented. Sept. 1, 1914.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

UNITED STATES PnaENT QFFICE.

DAVID'L. SUM-HEY, OF WATERBUEY, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO CHASE ROLLING MILL 00., OF WATERBURY, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION.

EXTRUSION-MACHINE.

Specification. of LettersPstent.

Patented Sept. 1, 1914.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that 1, Devil) L. SUMMEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at YVaterbury, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Extrusion- Machines; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawin s and the characters.

-' ing the sectional container in its assembled position. Fig. 5 a broken View in central, horizontal section, of the center of the machine, showing the sectional container mits disassembled position. Fig. 6 a broken view in vertical central section on the line (r -b of Fig. 1, showing the sectional container in its assembled position, and the right-hand extrusion cylinder the pivotal right-hand ram of WllHlll is shown in its retired or billet-feeding position by broken lines.- Fig.

7 abroken view inzvertical. central section on the line o--d of Fig. Lshowing the mandrel cerryin and die'c'arrymg sections of a the sections container in their assembled positions. Fig. 8e broken view on the line e-f of. Fig. 1, lookin from left to right toward the left hand bil etmeoeiving section of the sectional container and toward the left hand cross-head in which the said container Section is; carried. Fig. 9 a corresponding view showing the several sections of the container in their open or retired positions. Fig. 10 a view in vertical section on the line 9- -72, of Fig. 1, showing the several sections of the sectional container in their assembled or closed positions. Fig. 11 a corresponding view showing the several sections of the sectional container in their disassembled or open positions. Fig. 12 a 12m view of one form of single billet that may extrude in my machine. Fig. 13 a view thereof in lon-- gitudinal central section on the line i-j of Fig. 12. Fig. 14 a view thereof in central cross section. Fig. 15 a broken VIGW Of thev machine in central horizontal section of the right and left hand billet-receiving membore, the die-holding member and the mandrel-holding member drawn to a larger scale than the corresponding parts shown in Fig. 4 and showing the die and mandrel in operative positions, and the rams advanced for the extrusion of the billets of metal.

My invention relates to animprtved machine for extruding metal tubes, rods and the like, the object being to produce amachine constructed with particular reference to increased capacity for work, reduction in the amount of scrap, and ability to produce tubes and kindred forms of larger diameter and greater length than has heretofore been possible.

I may here state that my present invention is an improvement .11 on, and represents an evolution of the -disc osure of United States Patent No; 1,011,522 granted December 12,

1911, to the Chase Rolling Mill Company,

on my ap lication, I

With tiese ends in View, -m-y invention consists in a machine for extruding metal as will'be hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims.

In carrying out my invention,- I employ a sectional container of separate poweroperated parts in place of the solid container heretofore employed in: machines of this character.

My improved sectional container consists, as herein shown, of a left hand billet-receiving member 2, a'corresponding right hand billet-receiving chamber 3, a. die-holding member 4, and .a corresponding mandrelholding member 5. The billet-receiving members 2 and 3 which have the members 4 'andli interposed between them, are formed with heavy circumferential retaining-ribs 6 adapting them to be solidly mounted by heavy, exteriorly threaded annular nuts'l', in recessed cross heads 8 and 9 formed near their corners with large. circular openings 10 for the reception of massive tie rods or columns 11 upon which the said cross-heads 8 nd 9 ride back and forth in assembling and disassembling the sectional container.

' Forr'eciprocation upon thetie-rods 11, the

cross-head 8 is formed upon its upper and lower edges with integral lugs 12 located diagonally op osite each other on a line passin j throug the center of the cross-head. These ugs 12 mount piston-rods 13 carrying pistons 14 operating in cylinders 15 fastened to the top and bottom of the maincasting 16 forming the core of the machine.

ater under pressure is admitted to the cylinders15 through pipes 17 suitably con nected therewith. The said cross-head 9 is formed with corresponding lugs 18 mountment of parts the billet-receiving sections 2 and 3 of the sectional container are moved back "and forth in line with each other, toward and away from the die-carrying section 4 and the mandrel-carrying section 5 of the container which sections are moved toward and away from each other in a line at a right angle to the alinement of the billet-receiving sections 2 and 3.

The die-holding container-section 4 is formed in its inner face with a centrally threaded recess 22 for the reception of a suitable die 23 the particular form of which will depend upon the character of the product to be extruded. At its outer end the sec tion 4 is formed with a threaded recess 24 for the reception of the inner end of a hollow coupling-spindle 25 passing outward through a cross-head 26 and receiving upon its projecting threaded outer end, a nut 27 by means of which the die-holding section 4 is firmlyY attached to the said cross-head 26 which isforin'ed at its four corners withsockets 28"" receiving four horizontally arranged tie-rods 29 the inner ends of'which are supported upon the main-casting 16, and the outer ends of which are supported in a frame 30 mounting the hydraulic cylinders 31 employed for reciprocating the diecarrying section 4. The said die-carrying section 4 is also formed with a central discharge-passage 32 in line with the bore of the spindle 25 which latter opens into a discharge-pipe 33 the inner end of which is threaded into a nut 27, and the outer end of which is supported in any suitable manner in a frame, it being understood that the extruded product, whether tubular or solid, is discharged from the machine through the passage 32, the spindle 25 and the pipe 33. The hydraulic cylinders 31 contain pistons 34 carried by the outer piston rods 35, 35,

drawn from the cylinders ,31 through pipes 36, whereby the cross-headf26 isireciprocated for moving the die-carrying member 4 of the container into and out ,of place.

The mandrel-carrying section 5 of the container is formed inits" inner face with a recess 37 having a concentric threaded counterbore for the reception of the mandrel 38 which willbe conformed in character to the die 23. At its outer end the section 5 is formed with a central threaded opening 39 for the reception of the threaded lnner end of a hollow spindle 40, corresponding to the spindle 25 aforesaid, and passing outward through a cross-head 41 corresponding to the cross-head 26. The spindle 40 connects the section 5 with the cross-head 41 in the same manner in which the spindle 25 connects the section 4 with the cross-head 26. As shown-in Fig. 7, the section 5 is formed with a central opening 42 for the cooling of the mandrel, if that is desired.

The cross-head 41 is formed upon its four corners with sockets 43 receiving four tierods 44 supported at their inner ends u on the main-casting 16 and entered at t eir outer ends into a frame 45 mounting two hydraulic cylinders 46 which correspond in every way to the cylinders 31 shown in Fig. 7. The cylinders 46 receive piston-rods 47 corresponding to the piston-rods 35. The cylinders 46 have water under pressure admitted to, and withdrawn from them through pipes 48 corresponding to the pipes 36 aforesaid. The'cylinders 46 are thus emplcyed for moving back and forth the crosshead 41 and hence the'mandrel-carrying section 5 of the sectional container.

It will be understood from the foregoing that the billet-receiving container-sections 2 and 3 are advanced into the main-casting 16 and retracted therefrom in line with each other, and that similarly the die-receiving section 4 and the mandrel-receiving section 5 are advanced into the main-casting 16-and retracted therefrom in a line at a right angle to the line of movement of the billet-receiving container-sections 2 and 3. The timing of the advance and retraction of the container parts 2 and 3, and 4 and 5, will be described later on. After the said'sections 2 and 3, and 4 and 5, of the sectional container have been hydraulically assembled, as described, in the main-casting" 16, heated billets are introduced into the outer ends of the billet-receiving container sections 2 and 3 in any approved manner and by any approved mechanism. After the billets have been positioned, the metal contained in them is extruded by subjecting their outer ends to pressure by means of rams 49 and 50 which are simultaneously advanced from opposite directions under tremendous hydraulic powen As shown, the rams 49 and 50 are mounted at their outer ends in yokes 51 suspended at their upper ends from pins 52 in the cross-heads 53 and. 54. The said cross-head 54 (Figs. 4' and .6) slides upon the heavy tie-rods 11 upon which it is moved forward y "by means of "a piston 55 bolted to its outer face and operating in afcylinder 5b to which water under pressure is admitted 'througlifa pipe 57 oentrallya plied to the outer end of the cylinder 56.- or the retraction of the cross-head 54, and hence oat the rain 56, I emphty four retracting-rods 58 connected atftheir inner ends with the cross-head 54,;ifxid at their outer ends with yokes '59 mounting the outer ends of two 'ston-rods *66' operating in retracting-cylinfilers '61 mounted upon the outside oi the cylinder 56 and having water under pressure admitted vto them through pipes 62. The left hand ram 49 corresponding to the right hand ram 50is mounted in a yoke 51 ivotally suspended in vertical position i rom the iimenface of the said cross-head 53 which corresponds in all respects .to the cross-head 54, and is operated in the same way by means of connections which dupli-- cate the connections of the cross-head 54 and which are, therefore, not shown in full detail, but which comprise a heavy cylinder 63 corresponding to the cylinder 56 and receiving a piston, not shown, but bolted to the cross-head 53 and operating to move the cross-head 53, and therefore the ram 49, in ward upon the tie-rods 11 with great power. The cross-head 53, and hence the ram 49, are retracted by means of four tie-rods 64 connected at their inner ends with the said cross-head and at their outer ends with a yoke 65 mounting two pistons 66 entering cylinders 67 corresponding to the cylinders 61 aforesaid. An inlet pipe 68 corresponding to the pipe 57 admits water to the cylinders 63.

For the purpose of retiring the rams 49 and 50 to provide free access to the outer ends oi the billet-receiving container sections 2' and 3, the said ramsare mounted, as has already described, in pivotal yokes 51. For the purpose of retiring the rams,

they have operating links so connected with .them, and with anyconvenient source of power, none being shown. By applying power to the links 69, the yokes 51 will be swung into horizontal positions, as shown by broken linesin Fig. '6, causing the rams to be swag through a quarter circle, leaving' the space immediately adjacent to the enter ends oi the containers Zand 3 and in line with the bores thereof, clear for the and convenient handling of the heated biliets.

As shown, 4 provide for the actual insertion of the heated billets into the containersec tions 2 and 3, two small auxiliarypistons 7 9' one of which is shown in Fig. 6. This is mounted in the center or the cross-head 53 in line with the bore of the billet-receiving container section 3, and extends into asinall cylinder 71 to which air under pressure is supplied by pipes 72, the said cylin (lots 71 being located centrally within the piston 55 which is hollow. A heated billet temporarily supported in line with thebore of the container-section 3 is pushed into the same by the piston when air is admitted through one of the pipes 72 into the pnen matic cylinder 71. Just as soon as the billet has been pushed by the piston 70 into the container-section 2', the piston 7 0 is withdrawn by the admission of air into the oppc'site end of the cylinder 71 after which the ram 49 is restored to its normal position through the medium of its power link 69. It will be understood, of course, that the piston within the cylinder 63 on the epposite side of the press also receives a prion- 2.1a tic cylinder for the o eration of a piston for pushing heated bil ets into the billet receivin container-section 2 in the manner descri In order that the rams 49 and 50 may be adyanced at exactly the same speed, and that any tendency to depart from synchronism may be immediately corrected, I preferably, and as herein shown, employ two pairs of speed-controlling cylinders 73, 73, and 74, 74, which are exact duplicates of each other. The cylinders 73, 7 3, are located on opposite sides of the cylinder 56 containing the piston 55- employed to operate the crosshead 54 carrying the ram 50, while the cylinders 74, 74', are located on opposite sides "of the cylinder 63 employed to operate the cross-head 53 carrying the ram49. The two cylinders 73,78, are fur,- nished with, istons 75 mounted u piston-rods '76 tie forward ends ofw ich are connected withthe opposite sides of the (Poss-head '54 which "thus servcsto couple together the pistons 7 5 and tliepis'ton 55. Similarly the speed-controlling cylinders '74, 74, are furnished with pistons (not shown), but correspondin' to the pistons 75 and mounted upon? ton-rods 77 the inner ends of which are connected with op' posite sides of the cross-head '53 which thusv serves to couple togetherthe' pistons upon the rods 77 with the piston within the cylinder'63. The outer ends of the speed-controlling cylinders 73, 73, are connected by pipes 78 with the inner ends of the speed controlling cylinders 74, 74, while the. outer ends of the said speed-controlling cylinders 74, 74, are connected by pipes '79 with the inner ends of the speed-controlling cylinders 73-, 73. The pipes 78 and 79 are nor'- mally kept full of water which acts ash;- solid connection between the said two pairs of speed-controlling cylinders and their pis tons. Now as the pistons 75 are coupled with the main piston 55 through the crossiio head 53, and as the pistons of the rods 77 are coupled with the piston within the main cylinder 63 through the cross-head 53, the pistons 75 and their complementary pistons on the piston-rods 77 must advance at ex-. actly the speed of the main piston 55 and its complementary main-piston within the cylinder 63, which they cannot do unless the water displaced by the inward movement of the pistons 75 is precisely equal in amount to the amount of water displaced by the inward movement of the complementary pistons of the piston rods 77, all of the speedcontrolling' cylinders and their pistons and rods being of the same size. If, for any reason, one of the main rams 49 or 50 meets with less resistance than the other, the tendency will be for it to move faster than the other. Thistendency, however, will be immediately checked and corrected for the reason that the ram 49 meet,-

ing with less resistance, cannot move faster than the water in the speed-controlling cylinders 73, 73, connected with it can be transferred to the outer ends of the complementary speed-controlling cylinders 74, 74:, and this cannot take lace "untiLthe two speed-controlling cylin ers 73 can be We lpared to accommodate the excess of water y the forward movement oftheirpistons 75. In other words, the water the pipes 78 and 79, acts, as above stated, in effect as a solid, body to transfer energy from the main ram moving. too rapidly to the main ram moving too slowly, whereby the ram moving too rapidly receiving an excessive load is thus checked in speed, while the other ram is accelerated in speed. In this way, when one ram tends to gain in speed, the load is immediately put upon it which synchronizes it with the other ram, and vice versa. a

In order to keep the pipes 78 and 79 at all times filled with water, I provide them with waten-supply. check-valves 80 of any approved construction, which automatically open to permit thewatertoflow into the said pipes to make up for any loss by evaporation or leakage, and automatically close to prevent any escape of water during the closing of the .said apparatus. The said pipes are also provided with relief checkvalves 81 opening outwardly, but normally heldgclosed by a predetermined external water pressure equivalent to a maximum water pressure above which it is designed that the pressure of water in the pipes 78 and 7 9 and in the cylinders 73 and 74 shall not be carried. In case the water pressure .in the'said cylinders 73, 73, and 74, 74, and

pipes 73, 7 9,;passes this predetermined maximum pressure, ,the relief check-valves 8t automatically; open outwardly and afi'ord elief. 2' The reason ;why it is highly important that the main rams 4:9 and 50 shall advance at a uniform speed is, that it is desirable that the two billets in the billet-receiving container-sections 2 and 3 shall be extruded at uniform speeds so as to produce the highest quality of extruded Having described my improved machine, I will now proceed to set forth the method of operating it in the production of extruded stock. i

In the first place, the valves controlling the hydraulic I cylinders operating the die and mandrel container-sections 4 and 5 are manipulated to cause the said sections to be advanced into their assembled positions in the main-casting 16, as shown in Figs. 4 and 7. The valves controlling the cylinders 15 and 20 are now manipulated to cause the billet-receiving container-sections 2 and 3 to be advanced into position in the maincasting 16', the inner ends of the said -container-sections 2 and 3 being at this time jammed home upon the opposite faces of the die and mandrel holding container-sections 4 and 5, which are thus solidly held in place during the extrusion operation. The rams 49 and 50 are then swung into their clearance or billet-feeding positions. Heated billets are now introduced into the machine and held in alinement with the bores of the billet-receiving container-sections 2 and 3, while the pneumatic valves controlling the auxiliary billet-inserting pistons, 70 are operated to cause the same to advance and push the billets into the said sections 2 and 3, as well as steel dummy blocks, so

i called, which follow the billets into the container during the extrusion process. The pistons 70 are now pneumatically retracted into their retired positions after which the rams l9 and 50 are swung back into their operating positions as shown by full lines in Fig. 6. The valves admitting water back of the main piston 55 and its'complementary piston in the cylinder 63 are howmanipulated to cause the said pistons to move inward with great power, whereby the respective rams are entered into the respective container-sections 2 and 3 causing the metal of the billets to be extruded around the mandrel 38 through the die 23 and expelled from the machine through the passage 32, the spindle 25 and the discharge-pipe 33. When all of the metal formin the mass of both billets has been extrude leaving merely a small mass of unextruded metal around the mandrel, and the dummy blocks aforesaid, the rams 49 and 50 are then withdrawn from the container-sections 2 and 3, and

moved into their retired positions by the proper manipulation of the valves controlling the Water pressures in the cylinders 56 and 63. The water pressures in the two pairs of cylinders 15 and 20 is then released so as'to relieve the die and mandrel-holding peated,-Zaiid soon.

this operation, the stump or unextruded bit of metal, and both of the dummy blocks, will follow the die-holding container-section ito which theywill be attached by. the last end of the extruded tube, which will'be contained within the section a from which the stump dummy blocks must now be cut or brolrsn away. In the ordinary operation of theniachine it not be necessary to systematically retract the billet-receiving containensectionsfl and 3 from the main-castingg-since it will sutlice, in ordinary practice, :to move them inward just enough to clamp them upon the sections land 5 after the same have been moved into position, and move-them outward just enough to relieve the said sections 4 and 5 preparatory to the retraction thereof. However, the machine will at any. time be inreadinessfor the retraction'ot the sections 2 and-3 into the po sition imwhioh they areshown in Figs. 5 and Hit tori any cause whateverthis shall seem =eitherfinecessary or desirable. The cycle ot-cperations above detailed is new re- While my improveo machine is primarily vdesig'ned; for the simultaneous extrusion of two billets .of equal length, as already described, it is also adapted to be advantageously fused as a single-billet machine. In such --use' of the machine I may employ a cylindrical billet and pierce the same in the machine by means" of the mandrel, or I may employ a special billet pierced prior to its introduction into the machine which may be used without alternation for the extrusion of single billets pierced as aforesaid prior to introduction into the mach1ne,.

' means for moving the sa d sections into or thereafter.

In usin the machine as a single billet machine, t e container-sections 2 and 3, as well as the die-holding and mandrel-holding sections 4 and 5 will be moved into their retired positions as shown in Figs. 5 and 11, whereby the central portion of the main-casting will be left unoccupied. The single billet will then be introduced diagonally or otherwise maneuvered into the main casting 16 from one side or the other thereof, and then swung into alinement with the bores of the container-sections 2 and 3 which will then be advanced and sleevedover it, as it were. If the billet is a solid billet, the container-sections will be advanced toward each other nearly to the limit of their inward movement, but suficiently short of the same to permit the die-holding section 4 to be first positioned, after which the mandrel-holding section assembled and clearance will be moved into the main-casting for action in conjunction with the die-holding sections to pierce the billet after which the container-section's 2 and 3 will have their inward stroke completed ,for clamping the die-holding and mandrel-supporting sections in place. In case the single billet has been pierced prior to its introduction into the machine, the method is the same except that the die-holding and mandrel-holding sections l and 5 of the container will be simultaneously, instead of successively. advanced. The advantage of using my improved machine as a single billet machine is, that it permits the use of single billets nearly as long as the total stroke of the two rams 49 and 50, and therefore substantially equal to the'length of both billets when the machine is used as a double billet machine. There are some advantages attending the use of a single billet over two billets, particularly in connection with the subject of material, as some materials extrude better than others. In case the billet is pierced prior to its introduction into the machine, it may be otherwise than u iform in cross-sectional form, and may takg some such shape as shown in Figs. 12, 13 and 14, in'which the billet 81 has corresponding cylindrical ends and an. enlarged perforated central portion 82.- v I claim:

1. In an extrusion machine, the combination with a sectional container comprising several movable cooperative sections adapted to be assembled and disassembled, of means for moving the several sections of the container toward each other into their extrusion positions and'away from each other in their clearance positions.

2. In an extrusion machine, the combination with a sectional, container comprising two billet receiving sections, a die-holding section, and a mandrel-holding section; and

their assembled and clearance positions.

3. In an extrusion machine, the combination with a skeleton main-casting having its opposite sides correspondingly recessed and formed with a transverse slot or open- 'openings of the casting, and a die-holding and a mandrel-holding section entering the transverse opening of the casting, and means for moving the several sections into their ositions.

5. In an extrusion mac ine, the combination with a skeleton main-casting having recessed sides, and a transverse opening or slot, of a sectional container comprising two billet-receiving sections, and a dieholding and mandrel-holding section, two crossheads respectively fitting into the recessed sides of the main-casting and carrying the respective billet-receiving container-sections, means for operating the said cross-heads means for carrying and operating the said die-holding and mandrel-holdinm sections which enter the opposite ends ofiihe transverse opening vor slot in the main-casting, and pressure rams arranged in line with the bores of the said billet receiving container sections 6. In an extrusion machine, the combination with a main casting, of a sectlonal container comprising a plurality of movable parts, means for moving the parts of the container into their assembled and clearance positions, and a hinged pressure ram adapted to be swung into a retired position for the introduction of a heated billet into the container.

7. In an extrustion machine, the combination with amain casting, of a sectional container comprising two billet-receiving-container-sections, means for synchronously moving the said container-sections toward each other into their cooperation extrusion positions and away from each' other into their stump-extrusion and charging positions, and two movable ressure rams adapt ed to be retired for the introduction of heated billets into the respective billet-receiving container sections.

8.- In an extrusion machine, the combination with amain casting, of a sectional container the parts of which are movable into and out of the said casting, and includin two billet-receiving container-sections, an two hinged pressure-rams adapted to be swung into retired positions for the intropressure rams, cross-heads upon which the.

said rams are pivotally mounted, hydraulic pistons for operating the said cross-heads, and pistons located within the main pistons in line with the said rams for pushing heat ed billets into sections of the container when the rams are swung into retired positions.

10. In an extrusion machine, the combination witha skeleton main-casting, of a sectional container the parts of which are adapted to be assembled in thesaid casting and congarising two billet-receiving sections and'a ie-holding and a mandrel-holding section, two main rams, movable cross-heads with which the said rams are pivotally connected, main pistons for the operation of the said cross-heads and rams, and pneumatic pistons located within the main pistons in position to push the heated billets into the billet-receiving container-sections when ,the rams are swunginto their billet feeding positions.

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

DAVID L. vSUMMEY.

Witnesses:

CLARA L. WEED, Gnonon D. SEYMOUR.

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