US110662A - Improvement in apparatus for the manufacture of bromine - Google Patents

Description

anni sane JOHN J. Juanan, or NArRoN'A, rniuvsrmANIA.`

" Letters Patent Ne. 110,662, dated January 3, 187.1.

IMPROVEMENT INAPPA-RA'rus Fon THE MANuFATuRE oFBRoMlNE.

The Schedule referred to in theselletters Patent and making part of the same.

To all whom 'it may concern.:

Be it known that I, JOHN J. JHLER, of Natrona, in the connty of Allegheny and State ot' Penn- Sylvania, have invented a new and useful Improve# ment in Apparatn's'for the Manufacture of Bromine; and I do hereby declare the following to be-a full,

clear, and exact .description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawing forming pai-tof this specification, which 'frepresents apparatus for manufacturing bromine, with the still which forms the subject of my invention shown in section.

My invention or discovery consists of a still or stills, made of wood, for the extraction of bromine from the mother-water of s. lines and other substances yielding bromine.

Hitherto, in the manufacture of bromine, the stills used for extracting that subst-ance have been made chiey of sandstone or of lead, or at least lined with lead. rlhe employment of these materials has beens'upposed to be indispensably necessary, owing to the fact that the bromine rapidly attacks and destroys most of the metals forming bromides, and thus rendering stills made of iron, copper, or ,other ordinary material utterly useless for the purpose.

Bromine forms a chemical combination with lead1 y less rapidly than with iron or copper and most other metals, and hence has been much 'used for 'vessels employed in making bromine, but even this'metal is attacked and destroyed by the vapors of .bromine :formed in the process of distillation, Iwhich attack all metals more speedily than does"'b1omine in a liquid state. v f l Vegetable substances, being speedily charred by the action of bromine, have been supposed to vbe entirely inapplicable as materials of which to make stills or other vessels to be used in manufacturing bromine; but I have discovered that, when the stills are made of-wood, without any lining of lead,

the effect of the bromine on the Wood is to charA it to a ycertain depth, varying with the kind of wood used, and that then the destructive action of the bromine ceasesfor becomes so slow as-n'ot practically to prevent the employment of Wood for the purpose stated.

The kind of wood to be used may be varied at pleasure, the harder sorts, such as oak and chestnut, being preferred.

The stills may be made of any suitable and couvenientsize and shape, according to the process and apparatus desired to be employed; and they may lbe conveniently heated by the introduction of naked steam, or by coils of steam-pipe made of .lead or otherwise, as may be desired.

rlhey may also be surrounded or inased externally with iron, lead, or other materiahtogive them strength althoughl prefer to use simply wooden ves sels made of staves bound together by iron hoops or ban ds.

In the accompanying drawing- A represents the still made ot'staves of wood about three or four inches in thickness. p

lhe form is that of a frustum of a cone, solas to be more readily bound together and rendered steam and water-tightby driving down' the iron hoops or bands'a a.

The'joints between the strips or staves may be calked with oakum, and further made tight at allL the joints by means of any suitable cement, such, for

instance, as asphaltum, made from the residuum of' the distillation Vof petroleum.

Common clay, made into a paste with hot bitternwater, may also be used as a luting for the joints and for the cover of the still.r

The steam-pipe B, for introducing steam into thev still, is inserted at one side of the vessel A near to the bottom,and may be fastened by a loaden flange, b, at-

A4.tached to the pipe, and fastened to the outside of the still. 'v

hasahole for the insertion of a stone-ware or glass funnel, D, which is longV enotigh to extend below the surface of the' lfluid contents of' the still, and which serves-for the introduction 'et' the bittern or motherwater, from which the bromine-is to Ybe, extracted, and the sulphuric acid and oxide of manganese or other chemicals used in .the process.

A glass tube, E7 is also inserted through the cover C for the admission of the chemicalsduring the process.

Aleaden pipe, F, also inserted into the coverl ofA the still, but not extending down below its under surface, carries off the bi'omine vapors to the 1'e frigerating apparatus G, constructed in the usual manner, with a receiver, H, below to hold the condensed'bromine. K

A plug,1l, near the bottom, closes an aperture for removing the residnum and cleaning outthe still.

The process of extracting the bromine maybe any which is rdinarilyknown and used, myimprovement being confined to the use of wooden stills, or stills having an interior wooden vessel or wooden lining.

- The advantages of my improvement 'over the use of stills of `lead orlined'with lead, are that the lead is more or less rapidly destroyed by the action ofthe bromine, while the wood, after charring to a small depth, resists, to a great degree, the further destruc- The top or cover O ofthe still, also made of wood,

tive action vof the bromne; and the adyantage of tially as hereinbefore described, and forthe-purpose the use of wood, instead of either lead or 'sandset forth. stone, is the very great cheapening of the apparatus In testimony whereof I, the said J OHN J .J UHLER,

employed. have .hereunto set my hand.

What I claim as my invention, and desire-to secure JOHN J. J HLER. by `Letters Patent, is i Witnesses: y

Stills, for the manufacture of bromine, made of R. C. WBENSHALL,

wood, or with an interior lining of wood, substan '11. O. FITLER.

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