US1106207A

US1106207A - Balance-spring having elasticity increasing with rise in temperature.

Info

Publication number: US1106207A
Application number: US67930312A
Authority: US
Inventors: Charles Edouard Guillaume
Original assignee: FABRIQUES DE SPIRAUX REUNIES SOC D
Current assignee: FABRIQUES DE SPIRAUX REUNIES SOC D
Priority date: 1912-02-20
Filing date: 1912-02-20
Publication date: 1914-08-04
Anticipated expiration: 1931-08-04

Description

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES EDOUARD GUILLAUME, or snvnns, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR 'ro SOCIETE DES rumours nn'srmaux owns, or LA'CHAUX-D-E-FONDS, SWITZERLAND.

BALANCE-SPRING HAVING ELASTICITY INCREASING WITH RISE IN TEMPERATURE.

Patented Aug.4, 1914.

1,106,207. Specification of Letters Patent.

No Drawing. Application filed February 20, 1912. Serial No. 679,808.

To all whom it may concern: 3

Be it known that I, CHARLES EDOUARD GUILLAUME, doctor of philosophy and as-' sistant director of the International Oflice of 5 lVeights and Measures, a citizen of the Swiss Republic, and resident of Sevres, Department of Seine-et-Oise, France, have invented new and useful Improvements in Balance-Springs Having Elasticity Increasing with Rise in Temperature, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

For some years escapements for watches, clocks, etc., have been used comprising a balance wheel which is not cut and a spring of elasticity increasing wit-h the temperature so that it compensates for the variations of the inertia of the balance wheel with variations of temperature. Hitherto there have been used for this purpose practically only balance springs of nickel-steel containing 2728 per cent. of nickel as specified in United States Letters Patent 669,763 dated March 12, 1901. This steel being very soft springs made of it have a very low elastic limit and consequently are very easily deformed, especially if they are not made with great care; moreover, the soft character of this alloy makes the construction of the cs- 30 capement and the operation of regulating it very delicate. It follows that these escapements cannot be used for accurate watches intended for chronometric computations in observatories.

This invention relates to a balance spring having elasticity increasing wit-h the rise of temperature, which possesses a high elastic limit. This result is obtained by making balance springs of an alloy of iron and 40 nickel containing from 2731 per cent. of nickel, 0.3 to 0.6 per cent. of silicon, 0.3 to 0.6 per cent. of carbon, at least one metal of the sixth group of the classification of Mendeljefi, as for instance, chromium, molybdenum or tungsten and at least one metal of the fifth group of the said classification, as for instance, vanadium or tantalum, the said metals being each employed in a quantity of 0.2 to 4 per cent. in such a manner that the total amount of them and of the carbon and silicon comprises between 3.5 to 10 per cent. of the whole alloy. The alloy can also contain 1 to 4 per cent. of manganese, in which case the total amount of carbon, of silicon, of manganese and of the other metals added to the alloy of nickel and iron must always remain between 3.5 to 10 per cent. of the whole alloy. When so made the balance spring has a high elastic limit and also the property of increasing in elasticity as the temperature rises; consequently it may be used in the construction of the escapement without risk of undergoing any deformation and lends itself to the operation of regulating the escapement as easily as the steel springs of ordinary escapements do.

By way of example the composition of an alloy for balance springs according to this invention is' given hereafter:

Nickel 30. 5 parts by wei ht, Ir0n 61.6

nganese 4 ,7 a Chromium 1. 8 n Vanadium 1.0 n Carbon 0. 6 a, siliC0n 5 n a, a:

What I claim is: 1. A balance spring, of which the elasticity increases with the rise of temperature and with a high elastic limit consisting of an alloy of iron and nickel containing between 27-31 per cent. of nickel and besides of small quantities of carbon and of silicon at least one metal of the sixth group of the classification of Mendeljefl' and at least one metal of the fifth group of the said classification, each of these metals being in such a proportion between 0.2 and 4 per cent. that the total amount of these metals and of the carbon and silicon in the alloy is between 3.5 and 10 per cent. of the whole alloy.

2. A balance spring of which the elasticity increases with-the rise of temperature and which has a high elastic limit made from an alloy of iron and nickel containing between 27-31 .per cent. of nickel and besides of small quantities of carbon and of silicon and of 1 to 4 per cent. of manganese at least one metal of the sixth group of the classification of Mendeljefi' and at least one metal of the fifth group of the said classification, each of these metals being in such a proportion between 0.2 and 4 per cent, that the total amount of these metals and of the carbon manganese and silicon in the alloy is between 3.5 and 10 per cent. of the whole alloy. I

3. A balance spring, of which the elasticity increases with the rise of temperature and which has high elastic limit consisting of an alloy of iron and nickel containing between 27-31 per cent. of nickel and besides of small quantities of carbon and of silicon chromium and a metal of'the fifth group of the classification of Mendeljefi, each of these metals being "in such a proportion'between 0.2 and 4 per cent, that the total amount of these metals and of the carbon and silicon in the alloy is between 3.5 and 10 per cent. of the whole alloy.

4. A balance spring of which the elastlcity increases with the rise of temperature and which has a high elastic limit consisting of an alloy of iron and nickel containingbetween 27 31 per cent. of nickel and besides of small quantities of carbon and of silicon and of l to 2 per cent. of manganese chromium and a metal of the fifth group of the classification of'Mendeljefl, each of these metals being in such -a proportion between 0.2 and 4 per cent, that the total amount of these metals and of the carbon, manganese and silicon in the alloy is between 3.5 and 10' per cent. of the whole alloy.

5. A balance spring of which the elasticity increases with the rise of temperature and which has high elastic limit consisting of an alloy of iron and nickel containing between per cent, that the total amount of these metals and "of the carbon and silicon in the alloy is between 3.5 and 10 per cent. of the whole alloy.

6. A balance spring. of which the elasticity increases with the rise of temperature and 'WhlCh has high elastic limit consisting of an alloy of iron and nickel containing between 2731 per cent. oi nickel and besides of small quantities of carbon and of silicon and of 1 to 4 per cent. ofvmanganese, chromium and vanadium, each of these metals being in such a proportion between 0.2 and 4 per cent, that the total amount of these metals and of the carbon, manganese and silicon in the alloy is between 3.5 and 10 per cent. of the whole alloy.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name this 7th day of February, 1912, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

5 CHARLES EDOUABD GUILLAUME.

Witnesses:

CHARLES ALBERT VUILLE, BARTL'EY F. Yos'r.