US1104762A - Carbureter. - Google Patents

Description

G. A. F. AHLBERG.

.GARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED nov. 28, 1910.

Patented July 28; 19%

- UNITED STATES PATENT onrion GUSTAV A. F. AHLBERG, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Gus'rAv A. F. Annnnno, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and -'useful Improvements in Carbureters, of which the followin is a descrlpt on, referuse with internal. combustion engines, and

my object is to provide means whereby the quantity of combustible mixture introduced to the engine cylinder may be varied in coni i formity to the variations in the engine load while the quality may be suchas to insure complete combustion,

To these ends, my invention consists in providing a carburetor Comprising primary and secondary mixing chambers, each of which is provided with an air inletand a discharge outlet, the discharge outlet of the former leading into the latter chamber and a that of the latter into the combustion chamber of the engine, vacuum controlled means for automatically varying the admission of air-to said primary mixing chamber, said means being in communication with and controlled-by the vacuum in said secondary chamber, an induction fuel opening in said primary chamber adapted to communicate with a source of water supply, the feed from both of said openings being adapted to be varied in conformity to the varying degree of vacuum in said secondary chamber and means, preferably in the form of a valve in the latter chamber, adapted to be actuated from without for varying the quantity of fluid which may be admitted thereto; all of which is hereinafter more particularly described and definitely pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan viewof a carburetor and a portion of the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, the former being shown in horizontal section takenupon the line 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 2, is a vertical sectional view taken upon the line 2', Fig. 1, viewed in the direction of the arrow there shown, and Fig. 3, is a plan view of the carburetor case showing the graduated handwheels for rcgula ting the needle valves.

-tcfcrring to the drawings, 1 represents the main (cylinder of an internal combustion ichfamber respectively.

engine of the four cycle type, having an in: do a n openi 2, for the'passage of the .fuel. charge which 1s adapted to be closed by means of an inwardly opening check-valve ;3, the stem- 4, of which is mounted in a bearing wlthina pipe or casing generally designated by'5, while a light spring 6, tends Etq c se it. The casing 5 is, by preference, Esubstantially elbow-sha ,ed as shown and is pened at the end as in icated at 7, so as to jform a conduit or chamber 8 in communicaitlOIl with the atmosphere and combustion I Mounted upon a bracket pr support 9, which, in the example I Patented July 28, 1914. Application filed November 2;, 1810.. Serial No. 5944;22.

shown, s made-integral with the casing 5,

is a carbnreter, generally designated by 10,.

having a carburetmg chamber 11. A taepered nozzle 12, preferably circular in crosssection, is formed upon one end of the car-i bureting chamber, the opening in which forms the discharge from said chamber. =Said discharge nozzlefis projected through the opening 7, into the chamber d, which is intended to formnot only an air passage ibut likewise a mixing chamber for the pur: pose hereinafter described. Located within Zjsaid chamber is a valve 13, preferably of the butterfly tvpe, the shaft .or pivot of which is extended through the casing and is rigidly attached to an arm 14, adapted to be operated in any approved wa the purpos of said valve being to contro the quantity of air andfuel to be admitted to the enginecylinder. In order to enable the air opening 7, to be adjusted to provide for the admission of the requisite Volume of air needed for the maximum load, an adjustin ring 15, is fitted within the casing 5 aroun the nozzle 12.- Said ring is held in place by means of studs 16, projected through slots 17 in the casing and provided with adjusts ing nuts 18. The opening in said ring is tapered as shown to conform to the taper of the nozzle, and the movement of the ring forward or back, serves to vary the area of the annular spacebetween the two to any des red extent.

A horizontal partition 19 in the carbnreter, serves to separate the carbureting chamber 11, from fuel chambers 20 and 21 respectively, the former being for water and the latter for liquid-hydrocarbon. Hollow cylindrical casings 22 and 23 are located in the 'chambers 20 and 21 respectively being extended upwardly from the partition 19 to the top of the main casing. The openings in said casings are closed at the top by means of screw- plugs 24, 25, which are centrally bored for the reception of screwthreaded needle-valves 26, 27, the lower ends of which are adapted in the usual way, to regulate the passage of liquid .through valve openings 28 and 29 res ectively, leading to the mixing chamber. aid valves are provided with graduated hand- wheels 30, 31 having numbered notches 32, in the periphery thereof, adapted to be engaged by spring indicator stops 33, 34, which are attached to the casing to enable the operator to gage the valve-openings leading to the mixing chamber. A central vertical partition 35, serves to separate the chambers 20 and 21. Trans verse partitions 36 and 37, of limited height, are located in the chambers 20 and 21 re spectively, so as to form compartments 38 and 39 in the one chamber and 40 and 41 in the other.-

The compartment 38 is connected by means of a feed-pipe 42, to a source of water supply, not shown, while the chamber 39 is connected with a discharge-pipe 43. Like feed and discharge pipes 44, 45 serve to connect the compartments 40 and 41 with a source of liquid hydro-carbon supply not shown. This construction enables a supply of water to be maintained at a constant level in the compartment 38 and a like supply of liquid hydro-carbon to be so maintained in the compartment 40, a suitable pum being preferably employed to maintain sai levels.

Openings 46, in the casings 22 and 23, are located substantially upon a level with the tops of the partitions 36 and 37 to enable liquid fuel to be drawn from the compartments 38 and 40 respectively, into the valve chambers and thence to the mixing-chamber when a vacuum is produced in the latter, the quantity of fuel so drawn being proportion-ate to the degree of vacuum, assuming the valves to be arbitrarily adjusted to admit a predetermined maximum supply.

At the opposite end of the carbureter casing from that to which the discharge nozzle is attached, is a fitting generally designated by 47 having an air inlet channel 48. A throttle-valve-49 is located opposite to the inner end of the channel 48, being connected by means of a stem 50, with a piston 51. The valve-stem is projected outwardly through a central bore in a screw cap 53 and ,is provided with a light closing spring 54, upon the projecting portion, the tension of which may be adjusted by means of a washer and suitable adjusting nuts The valve 49 should never be entirely closed and hence the piston is provided with a stop 56. upon one end to abut against said cap, it being understood that the latter may be utilized to arbitrarily limit the extent of closure.- A stop 57, is also provided upon the opposite side of the oistonxte;,limit the maximum opening of the valve 49. A pipe 58, is arranged to connect the piston chamber 52, upon the side toward the mixing chamber, with the induction pipe or conduit 5, preferably at 59 or at some point below the valve 13 and near to the opening 2. An opening 60 in the cap 53, serves to place the outer end of the piston chamber in communication with the atmosphere so that a vacuum upon the opposite side of the piston may tend to actuate the latter in the manner hereinafter described.

The operation of said device is as follows: The ring 15 and valve 49 being adjusted with reference to each other so as to admit a quantity of air adapted to the maximum load of a given engine and the water and fuel feed valves having been set accordingly, the en ine piston 'upon its suction stroke serves, y the vacuum created in the cylinder to open the check-valve 3, and to draw in a charge of air through the annular opening 7 around the fuel discharge nozzle 12. This air entering with high velocity, acts as an injector to create a vacuum in the carbureting chamber, thereby drawing in air through the conduit 48 and fuel through the fuel openings. Assuming the engine to be working under full load the controlling valve 13 in'the mixing-chamber should be so adjusted as to permit a maximum quantity of air to be drawn thereinto through the annular opening 7 as a result of piston suction in the cylinder. stroke of the piston, a certain degree of vacuum will be produced in the engine cyl- During the suction inder and in that portion of the mixingpassage must increase the vacuum in advance of the valve in a corresponding degree. The general aim should be, while varying the relative volume, to obtain a satisfactory mixture at all loads. In order to accomplish this, admission of air to the carbureting chamber should be proportionately restricted. Such admission would be governed by the valve 49 and spring 54, modified by the relative degree of vacuum in the chamber 52, which would be controlled through the pipe 58, by that in the mixing-chamber in advance of thecontrolling valve. A minimum vacuum in the chamber 52 would permit the spring 54 to close the valve 49, to the dcsired degree so that but little air would enter the carburcting-chamber .and hence the fuel mixture drawn therefrom into the mixing chamber would be proportionately rich. It follows, therefore, that as the vacuum is varied in the mixing-chamber in advance of the controlling valve, the mixture in the carbureting chamber will be such that when commingled with the air in the mixingchamber the resulting product will be capable of complete combustion regardless of variations in load and speed. When the engine load is decreased, the regulating valve 13, should be moved so as to proportionately restrict the air passage in the induction-pipe or mixing-chamber. This action serves to decrease the quantity of air drawn in around the discharge nozzle. of the carburetingchamber and hence to proportionately decrease the vacuum in the latter, thus, in turn, decreasing the fuel feed in a corresponding ratio; At the same time, the vacuum in advance of the regulating-valve in the mixing-chamber, will have been increased which increase will be' communicated throu h the pipe 58, to the chamber 52, thus ten in to move the piston 51 to the right, against t e action of the spring 54, so as to increase the opening around the valve 49, and increase the volume of air admitted to the carbureting chamber so as to lessen the degree of richness of the mixture formed therein. It should be noted that this relatively diluted mixture is added to a proportionately decreased air volume in the mixing-chamber to form a relatively small explosive charge. The fluids in the chambers 20 and 21 being maintained under normal atmospheric pressure, any vacuum in the carbureting-chamber will cause a suction through the openings 28, 29 and 46, and cause a corresponding vacuum in the chainbers 20 and 21; thus raising the level of the fluids sufficiently to. permlt them to flow through the openings l6 and thence through the openings 28 and 29, to the carburetingchamber. Inasmuch as the source of liquid supply would be at normal atmospheric pressure, it would require but a slight variation in vacuum in the chambers 20 and 21,

to cause the requisite rise in liquid level to insure the desired feed; and inasmuch as the quantity of fluid required for each charge would be very small, capillary action would aid somewhat in causing such supply.

The valves 26 and 27 should be set to admit the maximum quantity of liquid.

It is manifest from what has-been stated, that the device described must serve to automatically vary the quantity of the explosive charge in proportion to the requirements of load and speed, while maintaining uniformity in quality. Moreover, in obedience to well known laws pertaining to the mixture of gases, the reduction of fuel and air to a gaseous mixture of excessive richness in the carbureting-chamber and the mixture in the mixing-chamber of the gaseous product so obtained with the requisite quantity of air, enables the final mixture or charge to be so thorough and uniform as to insure complete combustion, even with oils of so low a gravity as to be unsuitable for use under ordinary methods.

I do not wish to be confined to the specific features shown as it is obvious that they may be greatly varied without departing from the principle involved in the invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters-Patent is: i

1. A carburetor comprising carbureting and mixing-chambers, each having an air inlet and a mixture discharge outlet, the disfuel and air and thesecond for mixing the mixture so obtained with an increased volume of air, said carbureting-chamber being provided with an air inlet, a fuel inlet and a mixture outlet, the latter leading to said mixing-chamber, said mixing-chamber being in turn provided with an induction and a;

discharge opening, the former of which is open to the atmosphere, means, operable from without said carburetor for controlling the volume of fluid to be admitted to said. mixing-chamber, means for normally maintaining aminimum opening in the air passage leading to 'said carbureting chamber and vacuum controlled means governable by a vacuum formed in advance of the regulating-valve of said mixing-chamber for varying the area of said air-opening to said carbureting chamber.

3. A carbureter comprising carbureting. I

and mixing chambers, each having an airinlet and a mixture discharge outlet, the discharge outlet of said carbureting chamber leading into said mixing-chamber, said carbureting-chamber being provided with a fuel inlet and being adapted to vary its fuel feed in conformity to the varying degree of vacuum therein, means, operable from without said carbureter, for regulating the volume of fluid to be admitted to said mixingchamber, means for normally adjusting the relative area of the air openings leading to said respective carbureting and mixingchambers to produce an air and fuel mixture of predetermined quality when a maximum quantity of air is admitted to said mixingchamber and means controllable by the vacuum in advance ofs'aid regulating means in zle of said carbureting chamber being projected into the open end thereof with a space between the two to form an injector, a regulating valve within said mixing-chamber operable from without, for restricting the passage therein and regulating the volume of fluid admitted thereto, and means controllable by the vacuum in advance of said regulating-valve in said mixing-chamber for varying the area of the air inlet to said carbureting-chamber.

5. A carburetor, comprising a carbureting chamber having air and fuel inlets and a discharge nozzle, means for governing the maximum flow of fuel to said chamber, a conduit communicating with the atmosphere to form an induction passage as well as a mixing-chamber, the discharge nozzle of said carbureting-chamber being projected into the open end thereof with a space between the two for the inflow of atmospheric air, a regulating-valve within said mixing-chamber, operable from without, for restricting the passage therein and regulating the volume of fluid admitted thereto, and means,

controllable by the vacuum in advance of said regulating-valve in said mixing-chamber for varying the air inlet to said can bureting-chamber.

6. A carbureter comprising carbureting and mixing-chambers, each having an air inlet and a mixture discharge outlet, said carbureting-chamber having a fuel inlet while the mixture outlet is arranged to dis charge into said mixing-chamber and that of said mixing-chamber into a combustionchamber, a controlling-valve in said'mixingoneside of said piston, and a conduit connected with said cylinder u on the opposite side of said piston and lea ing to said mixin -chamber between its discharge outlet and said regulating-valve.

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 25th day of November, 1910.

GUSTAV a. F. AHLBERG.

' Witnesses:

DAVID H. FLETCHER, JENNm L. FISKE.

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