US1098130A - Flying-machine. - Google Patents

Description

J. T. SIMPSON.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED AUG.22, 1911.

Patented May 26, 1914.

2 SHEBTSSHEET 1.

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APPLICATION FILED AUG. 22, 1911.

Patented May 26, 1914.

mvenior K? I Max A I) M 21 4 42? I I Attorneys.

Wiinesws igay 6d i ff JOHN THOMAS SIMPSON, F NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

. FLYING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Ma as, 191a.

Application filed August 22, 1911. Serial No. 645,360.

planes 14, and also to the frame, by means which the following is a specification.

' The object I have in view is the production of a flying machine having a superior frame work than heretofore suggested.

A further object is to produce fl ClEVlCG in which the angle of the rear plane can manner, but preferably in the manner illus-' be changed, as desired, and a further object is to produce an arrangement in which the steering and stabilizing'can be accomplished by superior means. 4

Theseand further OlZ) ]GClLS w1ll appear more fiilly from the, following specification and accompanying drawings in which- Figure l is a'sideelevation of the complete apparatus. Fig. 2gis a plan view of the rear end thereof, Fig. 3 is a detznl, in front elevation, ofv therontrolling dev ce. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the same, and Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are diagramniatical views'of the stabilizing devices.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the body 1, extends from the front of the machine to a short distance behind the seat of the aviator, ending at the third upright, measured from the front. This body is carried in the front end of an elongated skeleton frame 2, rectangular in cross section, but higher and wider in the front than at the rear. This frame is built up of longitudinal members 3, vertical members or standards, 1 and cross members a.

5, 5 are the planes; 6 is the tractor arranged in front, and 7-7 are the propellers arranged behind; 8 is the engine, connected to the tractor and propellers in any. suitable trated in my copending application filed of even date herewith, Serial No. 645,359. Below the body is a lower extension 9, having runners 10 and wheels 11, connected to the ,runners by links 12.

12 are elastic members such as rubber bands connecting the runners and links.

The frame and lower extension are rendered more rigid by diagonal braces 13.

On the rear end of the frame are the horizontal rear planes 14. One ,of these is on each side, and behind and between .them is a single horizontal rudder 15. This rudder is pivoted to the rear ends of the horizontal of a horizontal rod 19, which is carried in suitable bearings in the frame. At the rear of the extension are two vertical rudders, 16. These rudders are tied together by suitable links. The horizontal rudder 15 has an arm 17, to which wires 18, 18 are connected. The rear edges of the rear planes are pivoted to the rod 19 by suitable fastenings 19. Zontal planes are held in position by adjust-- able pins 20, adapted to fit into suitable openings shown in the uprights adjacent to the plane. The two vertical rudders are connected together by a link 21, which, in turn, is connected to a-bell crank 22, pivoted to the frame. This bell crank is connected to wires 23, 23. I prefer in practice to form the structure in duplicate, putting two bell cranks one at the top and one at the bottom, as shown, and also putting two arms 17, 17, with a duplicate set of control ling wires. Below the rudder is a rear skid 24, connected to the frame by a spring, as shown.

In the body is a steering wheel 25, mounted upon a steering shaft 26. This shaft is connected to the wires 18, 18 as shown, so that as the steering wheel is lifted up and down, the rudder 15 will be similarly moved. An extension on the shaft 26 is connected to it by a universal joint 26; this extension carries a drum 26 to which the wires 23 are attached. By turning the shaft 26 one way or another, the vertical rudders will be similarly moved.

Between the planes 5, 5 are mounted ailerons 27. These ailerons are similar to those The forward edges of the hori- V opened simultaneously witha lower one on the opposite side, as described in my application before referred to. The devices for controlling these ailerons are shown in Figs. 3 to 7 inclusive. The shaft 26 plays in a vertical slot 29, said shit being formed in a lever 30. This lever 30 is pivoted'at 31 to a fixed shaft. This lever 30 has a side arm 32 on each side, and in this side arm isa curved slot- 33,this curved slot being formed upon a circle, the center of which is the pivot 31. In connection with the slot is a radial extension 34:, this extension extending toward the pivot 31. The slot and the extension constitute an L-shaped opening. On each side of the lever 30 is pivoted a lever 35 to a pivot 36. Each of these levers carries a pin 37, which pivots within the curved slot and extension 34-. The lever 30 is moved from side to side on the pivot 31 by the movement of the shaft 26. The levers 35 have the wires 28 controlling the upper ailerons connected to their upper ends, and the wires 8 controlling the lower ailerons connected at their lower ends. It will be noted that the right-hand lower wire 28 connects to the lower end of the lefthand lever-.35, and the lower wire 28 on the left side is connected to the lower righthand lever ln stabilizing, the operator throws the shaft 26 from side to side. Assuming that he throws it to the right, it moves the lever 30 to the right. The pin 37 normally rests on the end of the curved slot above the radial extension, shown in full lines. The lever 30 moves to the right without in any way affecting the right hand lever 35, its pin 37 remaining stationary within the curved slot. The lever to the left, however, will have its pin 87 engaging with the end of the curved slot, consequently, that lever will be turned upon its pivot to the dotted line position, the pin 37 sliding in the radial extension. The effect of this will be to move the upper left hand wire 28 to the right, and the lower right hand wire 28 to the left, opening the upper left-hand aileron and lower right-hand aileron, as is shown in Fig. 6. A movement of the shaft to the left will have precisely the opposite effect, turning the right-hand lever 35 while the left-hand lever 35 remains stationary. This will open the upper right-hand aileron and the lower left-hand aileron, as shown in Fig. 7.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I have described the principle of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have'it understood that the apparatus shown is merely illustrative and that the invention can be carried out in other ways.

incense Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1 An aeroplane having a frame with an opening extending therethrough, a rod passing through the frame and extending on each side thereof, a single horizontal rudder connected to the rod and lying within the opening and a horizontal plane on each side of the frame, pivoted to the rod, and connections for securing the forward ends of the planes to the frame.

2. An aeroplane having a frame, two vertical rudders thereon, links connecting the rudders, and a bell crank lever above and a bell crank lever below the rudders, connections between the bell crank levers and the links, and separate wires for moving the two levers.

3. An aeroplane having stabilizing ailerons, two in number, adjacent to each extremity, means for actuating diagonally opposite ailerons in opposite directions, said means comprising a lever secured to a fixed pivot, said lever having slots curved on-a circle, the center of which is adjacent to the pivot, levers mounted on fixed pivots having pins which engage with-the slots, and connections between thelevers and the ailerons.

if. An aeroplane having cont-rolling mechanism which comprises a lever, with a vertical slot therein. a rod mounted to move in theslot, the said lever also having Lshaped slots, auxiliary levers on fixed pivots, a pin on each auxiliary lever engaging with an L-shaped slot whereby, as the lever is moved in one direction, it will actuate one of the auxiliary levers by the engagement of the pin thereof with a wall of the slot, but will not actuate the other auxiliary lever, the pin thereon not engaging with the wall of the slot, and when moved in the other direction it will actuate the other auxiliary lever in the same manner.

This specification signed and witnessed this 17th day of August, 1911.

JOHN THOMAS SIMPSON.

\Vitnesses ,Lnoxxnn ll. Dyna, GUSTAV Sruncnxoit.

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