US1094797A - Forging-machine. - Google Patents

Description

H. V. LOSS.

FORGING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 14, 1912.

NNN ww u. @NNN ATTORNEY FORGING LOSS.

MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 14, 1912.

Patented Apr. 28, 1914.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

w EssEs INVENTOR @ZM a, @m

ATTORNEY H. V. LOSS.

FORGING MACHINE.

APPLIGATION FILED MAY 14, l1912.

H. V. LOSS.

FORGING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 14, 1912.

Patented A131228, 1914.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Il I l INVENTOR JM /f/w MM Q. @za

ATTORNEY CDLUMHIA PLANGGRAPM cu.,wf\smmroN, D. c.

Patented Apr. 28, 1914.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

INVENTOR M QKJM.

H. V. LOSS.

FORGING MACHINE.

APPLICATION HLM) MAY14, 1912.

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HENRIK V. LOSS, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

FORGrING1VIA.CI-IINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 28, 1914i.

Application filed. May 14, 1912. Serial No. 697,151.

To ZZ who/n it" may concern Be it known that I, I-IENRIK V. Loss, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Forging-hflachines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvementsin forging machines and the object of my invention is to furnish a machine for forging an axle or other article from a bar or billet.

My invention, although I do not desire to confine it to any particular use, will be described in connection with the forging of axles.

The machine consists of a longitudinally separable substantially stationary central die, two sets of longitudinally separable movable dies and two header dies, each movable system operating hydraulically in any suitable manner. In the drawings the telescopic arrangement is shown and on account of the great size of the machine I prefer this arrangement as it economizes space, it will be understood, however, that any other arrangement of the operating parts s-erving my purpose may be used.

In the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification and in which similar numerals of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several views: Figure 1, is an end elevation of my forging machine; Fig. 2, a central longitudinal sectional elevation of one side of the machine; Fig. 3, a section of Fig. 6 on line tf1-10,' Fig. 11, a section of Fig. 3 on line u--u,' Fig. 5, a central longitudinal section, upon an enlarged scale, through the dies upon one side of the machine, the central stationary die being transversely split at its middle; Fig. G, a view similar to Fig. 5, the central die being split longitudinally; Fig. 7, a view similar to Fig. 2, showing arrangement when the central die is split transversely at its middle in addition to being split longitudinally; Fig. S, a section, upon an enlarged scale, upon the line 1/-y, Fig. 5; Fig. 9, a section of Fig. 7 on line :z2-m; Fig. 10. a section of Fig. 7 on line 2 2; Fig. ll, an enlarged transverse sectional view of the lower part of stationary die, Fig. 10, showing wedge for adjusting it vertically; Fig. 12, a longitudinal sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of one section of central die, Fig. 5, showing means for attaching removable worlring face thereto; Fig. 13, a section of Fig. 14 on line s-s,' Fig. 14, an end elevation of the inner end of the movable die blocks showing ends of bolts for operating the iin shearing device after the main upsetting stroke has been completed; Fig. 15, a section of Fig. i on line 1--r,' Fig. 16, a detached central longitudinal sectional elevation of the central die, the cutters 38 being omitted for the sake of clearness.

The central die is separable longitudinally into two parts, 1 and 2, and between these parts the body of the article to be forged is formed; in an axle the body would be represented by the part that is substantially included between the wheel seats.

The movable die systems consist each of a longitudinally separable die and a header which need not be split. 3 and l are, respectively the two parts of the movable dies and 5 is the header die.

Briey speaking the several separable dies being separated longitudinally, that is the upper parts being lifted away from the under parts, and the movable die systems being fully moved away from the central die, the bar or billet to be forged is put in place between them and the mechanism which controls the lifting and lowering of the upper die sections is operated to fully close the dies. During this closing movement the movable dies are preferably sunk into the bar or billet at some point, preferably that which is to form the journal of the axle, perhaps the central die also will partly engage the bar or billet but this is not essential. The dies having been closed the movable ones are moved inward until they engage the ends of the central die and the header dies are moved in to complete the forging. These several operations having been performed the dies are opened, the forged article is removed and a new bar or billet is placed in the machine.

Having thus briefly indicated the operation of the machine I will now describe its construction.

The main frame G, which is supported upon suitable foundations, carries the lower parts of the separable dies and also preferably the plunger or header die. lThe upper parts of the separable dies are carried by a frame 7 which is guided by and vertically movable upon rods 8 the lower ends of which are carried by frame 6 and the upper ends of which carry immovably a frame 9. The

trame D carries lined p'stons l0 which enter cylinders il formed in or carried by the inoyable trame i. its both ends oli the machine are precisely alike l have shown in most ot the drawings but one et' its ends and trein this, l believe, the tull construction will be easily understood.

l2 are cylinders carried by stationary :trame lf3 pistons ot these cylinders. lll the piston rods the lower ends ot which are secured to movable trame 7. It liquid under pressure be admitted to cylinders 1l it will act against the pistons l0 to lower traine T and the dies carried thereby. It .liquid under pressure be admitted to cylinders l2 under pistons 123 it will litt these pistons, the connecting rods lil, traine 7 and the parts carried thereby.

rthe means tor the admission and exhaust of liquid to the :bove cylinders are so well known that l do not think it necessary to illustrate them, any ot the well known means :tor this purpose may be used.

l have shown in the drawings two arrangements ot the central die. ltn Figs. 5, i', lil this die, in addition to being` separable longljitudinally is separated transversely at its middle the two parts7 during the first upsetting' operation., being' sepa 'ated and held apart by wedges which are atterward withdrawn to permit the ends ot the die to slide toward one another., during the latter part ot the stroke oit the header die. in order that cutters carried. by the ends et the central and mo table dies may sever the lin :termed between these dies by surplus metal which is squeezed out during` the forging at this point.

ln Figs. i?. and G the central die is split longitudinally only.

ille-terrine' now to l, 3, 4, 5, 7 and l5;

a block bolted to the movable frame T each side ot which is 'furnished with a lip lo which are engaged by hooks 18 et a key or wedge li'. ll) a die block, sepa 'ate from but carried by the wedge l? as shown. which :arries the upper part or parts l of the cen- 'l-ral die. rlfhe lower part Q o'l' the central die is sulistantially similarly carried and the several parts 'tor carrying' this lower part 2 are numbered similarly with corresponding parts can'yine` the upper pa 't l. Fig'. 3, is a cross section ot li" l: and 5 on the line f//:-i,/;; Figi'. et, a seccion ot Fig'. 3 on line w-i/ and l'ig. 153 a section ot Fig. et on line rFr. l? rom these 'figures it will be seen that the die-blocks surround the die-sections, both Yhe top and bottom dieiseetions and blocks being' similar in ciuistruction. The lie-sections are secured to their respective dic-blocks through the medium ot bars 20, which are carried in longitudinal slots in the li locks, 'lfhe die-sections themselves are tur lished with grooves :tor the bars Q0 and i. diese grooves are deeper than the bars so :meer/e7 that they may have a certain amount ot vertical play thereon this play being tor the purpose oil" 'facilitating the stripping ot the linished alle vtrom the dies. Ll are shoulders on the grooves in the die-sections to limit the vertical movement of these sections in relation to the die-blocks. rl`he bars 20 may be easily endwise withdrawn trom the dieblocks lll when it may be ne essary to re- 'move and replace the die-sections. lt not necessary thatthe bars 2O extend the whole length ot the die blocks, they must be long enough to carry t-he die-sections and need only entend part way ot the length ot the die-blocks as shown in Fie'. 4l. From liigg. l5 it will be. seen that the inside oli the .outer circular part ot the die-sections, represented in Fig. 3 by the outer circle and in li1 et by ai y, but short and that joining this circular iai-t is the angular part which can move slightly verticallyv in the angular recesses in the die-blocks, this angular construction being to prevent these parte turning one in relation to the other. 5L ll il, Lland l5, is a clearance to permit the diesections to move slightly vertically in the die-blocks tor the purpose ot moving 'the die-sections so that the 'forging may be stripped t'rom them. This strippingl moren ment may be given by the ends ot the rods 4l atter the tin is cut by the cutters or by any other suitable device.

The keys or wedges 177 best shown in Fig.

ll. are interposed between the die blocks l)v and the block lo carried by trame 7 and by setting` these wedges in or out the die blocks 19 and the die sections L-). carried thereby can be moved up or down tor purposes ot alinement. i a matter ot tact this alinement is only necessary when the dies are changed in the machine. lt permits the central die to be alined perlectly with the movable dies and once made usually requires no ifm-ther attention during' the use ot the dies.

2l) carried by the main trame F28 are rollers interposed between die block ll-l and wearing' plate 2S) carried by .trame t?.

'lbe mo'able dies QQ Q?) are secured to the trout end et a piston l() which is carried by a cylinder 32 is a pipe through which liquid under pressure admitted to cylinder ill.

lllithin the forward end ot piston Pill formed a cylinder which carries a piston Ell the trontvend ot which carries the header Cil lll() llt) die 5. To the rear of the piston 84 is secured a pipe 36 through which liquid is conducted to the cylinder to the rear of piston 34. This pipe moves to and fro with piston 84 and is suitably guided as at 37.

In operating the machine, the bar or billet having been placed between the dies, liquid .is admitted to cylinders ..11 to lower t-he frame 7 and with it the upper sections 1 and Q2 of the central and movable dies. When the dies are completely closed the movable ones grip the bar or billetpreferably at some little distance from its ends, in the case of an axle at the points to constitute the journal bearings for instance, and liquid is admitted to cylinders 31 to advance the movable dies until their ends engage the ends of the central die 1w2 upsetting the metal of the bar and causing it to completely fill the central die and that part of the movable die which is between its inner end and the part gripped by said movable die. The nio table dies having` completed their stroke liquid admit-ted to cylinder 38 causing piston 34 to advance and the header die to engage and form the extreme outer end or head of the axle, or the movement of this header die is simultaneously with that of the main movable dies.

The bar or billet having been forged the axle is completed by turning the wheel seats and the journal bearings in a lathe and this necessitates that the ends of the axle be centered to engage the centers of the lathe. To form the centers in the axle l furnish the header dies with centers 75 which when the header dies are operated sink into the center' of the ends of the axle and form center depressions which require but little additional work to fit them for the lathe. This centering device may or may not be used. The bar or billet is properly proportioned to form the lin'ished article but there will nearly always be a certain amount of surplus metal which will be forced out between adjacent ends of the central and movable dies.

in Figs. 5 and T the stationary and movable dies carry cutters 38-89 for seifering this surplus metal or lin and in order that these cutters may properly operate, the central dies are divided transversely into two parts 40 41 which are. during the first part of the upsetting` operation` held apart by wedges 42-43 carried on the ends of rods 44-45. These rods carry pistons 46-47, Fig. 'l' which operate in cylinders 48-49. If liquid be admitted to cylinders 49 the rods 44-45 will be moved toward one another and the wedges 42-43 will separate the central die transversely. lf it be admitted to cylinders 4S the rods will be separated and the wed 42 moved away from the central die lVe will suppose that the movable die blocks 22-23 have been moved in until their inner ends have engaged the ends of the central die blocks 19. During the movement which has resulted in this position the part of the bar included between the points that it. is gripped by the movable dies has been upset and a certain amount of metal has been forced between the ends of the dies forming a ring or fin upon the forging. To sever this ring from the forging the wedges 4?43 are moved away from die sections l-i. This being done the die sections are separated transversely at their middles and if their outer ends be pushed aga-inst they will be slid toward one another and over that part of the axle that has been formed in them and the cutters on the movable die-sections will complete the cutting of the fin, now very thin, from the forging.

It now remains to form the head of the axle and this is done by advancing the header dies 5 which are carried by the forward ends of pistons 34, one on each side of the machine, until the inner ends of the header dies have engaged and upset the ends of the bar or billet. then the header die 5 is moved in to engage the end of the bar or billet the outer end of the piston 34 engages the heads of bolts 120, not shown on the general plans on account of the small scale upon which they are made. These bolts are shown in Figs. 13 and 14 and pass longitudinally through the die blocks 2Q Q8 their inner ends being attached to the ends o o of the movable die sections 3-4 When the piston 34 pushes the rods 120 inward these rods push in the ends af?) of the die sections 3 4 which engage and push together the sections of the central die to sever the iin as before stated.

121 are springs surrounding bolts 120, see Fig. 13, which return these bolts and the ends a-Z) of the movable dies 3 4 to their normal position immediately the pressure of the piston 34 is released.

n Figs. 2 and 6 the central die is divided longitudinally only and in this case the rods 44-45 engage the outer sides of the central die sections 1 2 or wearing pieces S0 carried by these sections and are used as strippers to loosen the forged article from the movable dies after the forging` is completed. In this case the outer ends of the rods form pistons which enter cylinders 4f) carried by the stationary frame-work of the machine and are under constant pressure of the liquid in said cylinders hence as soon as the dies are separated by lifting movable frame 7 these rods move the central die a short distance toward each other. The superior pressure exerted upon the frame 7 b v the pistons and liquid of its operating means easily overcomes the pressure of the rods 44-45 on the central die sections when the dies are closed preparatory to the upsetting operation. Y

The adjacent ends of the central and movable dies, that is to say the outside ends of the central and the inside ends ot the movable dies, are subjected to very heavy duty consequently they ivear more or less rapidly, it is theretore desirable that these parts be so made that they can be removed and replacedy quickly'Y and economically. For this purpose the ends ot the dies are turned out to Yt'orm hools or ledges :32, best shoivn in Fie', l2 to receive pieces 53 ivhich are formed ivitli a groove (36 to engage with hook 52. The pieces 52% carry the actual Wearingv tacos bi' which are secured to them by bolts (itl and nuts U5). the heads 70 et the bolts 68 enter and completely till corresponding holes in the tacos; ot the nearing` pieces GT, their shanlts ai TS ivliere they rest in the pieces 523 are angular to prevent turning;` and their inner ends are rounded and threided to receive nuts (3S) ivhich are carried in slots 'Tl- 'liormed in the pieces 523. rl`he nuts (S9 are furnished with holes n to permit them to 0i) be turned ivith a pin or spanner to d aiv the bolts home and the nearing piece Gi tight against the piece 53. This assembling` is done previously to hangingl the piece 53 upon the hook The upper movable die section Q2 carries a pin .f3-lf ivhich l asses into a sleeve 55 can ried b v or forming part ot the loiver die section and this pin serves to couple the tivo die sections together and insures them alvfays retaining the came relative positions n'hether the dies are closed or open. lhe sleeve passes np throne'h a slot 5G in the )rejectine7 part ost the piston 3livhich cai'- the header' d'e, this slot beinel to per l riesI i it the movement oit the piston past. the sieere. The stalling; box 5T ot the piston Slt needs to be adjusted trom time to time and in order that it may be conveniently reached the longitudinally split can piece at the end ot the piston cylinder 33 ivhich forms a distance piece between the inner ends ol" the movable die1 and the piston cyliinlcr 'l is secured at its outer ends to tlanges on the cylinder il?) b v bolts Bil and its inner ends are united by a bolt (it) .vhich passes through the slot 5b in the piston 3st as does the sl eve 55. ly ial'iugY out bolts 5f! and (l0 the cap piece may be removed so as to permit a cess to stalling' box' 5i".

r,the rollers 135% beinplv beneath the article to 'red are. unless suitably protected, apt feed by scale or dirt Ytalliing` upon "To iin'evcnt this .l attach l i the inner rl ot the lie sections L?, an apron (3l the end ot which carries a weight (SE alivavs keeps the apron taut. 'lliis oit a tleiible construction, covers rollvvhen the movable dies are retracted.

lo' tpiliosite side;-A olf the machine are tied together bv l olts (311 which are carried by v ,de i o-t ivliich carry the c},f'llmlers and Lea-tyre? lnaving thus described my invention .l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

l. ln an upsetting' machine, in combination, ay stationary iframe enveloping1 a separate movable trame, said movable t'fame, mans for guiding and means for elevating and depressinv said movable trame ivithin said stationary frame, a central separable die one part ot which is carried by said stationary tr: me and the other part by said movable trame, separable longitudinally movable dies one part of which is arried by said stationary and the other part by said movable trame, a header die, a piston carryingi` said header die, a piston inclosintr` a cylii'ider in which said lirstpiston works. a cylinder in which said second piston Works, and means for admitting a .liquid under pressure to said cylinders.

2. fln a torgjinn machine, in Combination, a stationary traine enveloping a separate movable traine, said movable traine, guides arried by said ino 7able it nine, a diabloch carried by said guides and movable longitudinally thereon, an upper die section carried by said die block, rollers interposed between said movable 'trame and said diebloclt, a die-block carried by the statitniary trame, a die-section carried by and mo table longitudinally ivith said die-block, rollers interposed between said die-block and said trame, and means tor actuatingsaid liebloelts and connected parts longitudinally.

Il. 'the combination ivith a die substantially as set torth, ot a renievabl0 end com Sistine' of an inne and an outer part, means tor removably connectinle,` said tivo parts. and means 'for removaliily attaching` said parts to the die sections.

-l-. ln combination, a die section the end ot ivhich turned out to torm a hook, a ,erooved piece adapted to be carried by said hook, a wearing' tace ifuriiiished with longtitiidinal pertorations to receive bolts, bolts iliassing` through said pertorations their threaded end entering said grooved piece, and mits located in said lgroeved piece tor securing` said bolts and nearingf tace.

5. ina forging' machine, in combination, a longitudinally sepa able central. die, die blocks carrying said die.y and ivede'es transverse to and bach' ot said die vvherebv said die sections may be loivered and lilfted.

3. ln tornino,` machine, in combination, a ongitudinally sepa 'able central die,y die blocks carrying,` said die, lees transverse to back ot' and carryii j aid die blocks, and means Ytor carrying' said ivedees.

i'. ln a tornino machine, in combimitioifi, t cylinder, a pn on in said cylinder, separable dies actuated longitudiiially b v said piston. a transversely slotted piston :,arried in said piston-cylinder, a header die carried t i. 55 bv bolts (35 'missing` into the main trame G. i by said latter piston, i'neans 'tor anniitaiigg' liquid under pressure to said cylinders, and a means, passing through the slot in the slotted piston, for separably coupling the separable dies.

S. In a. forging machine, in combination, a central die split longitudinally and divided transversely, removable wedges for engaging and separating the inner parts of said central die sections, and die blocks slidingly carrying said die sections.

9. In a forging machine, in combination, a central die split longitudinally and divided transversely into four sections, upper and lower die blocks carrying the upper and lower sections of said die, bars carried by said die blocks, upon which the upper and lower sections of said die are hung and upon which they can slide, and movable wedges passing through said die blocks.

10. The combination with the stationary frame, t-he longitudinally movable die block carried by said frame, the die section carried by and movable with said die block, the rollers interposed between said die block and frame, of a pliable apron adapted to cover the rollers when the dies are retracted.

11. The combination with the stationary frame, the longitudinally movable die block carried by said frame, a die section carried by and movable with said die block and the rollers interposed between said die block and frame, of pliable apron, the upper end of which is attached to the die section and the lower end of which is weighted, adapted to cover the rollers when the die blocks are retracted.

12. In an upsetting machine substantially as set forth, in combination, a piston-cylinder, sliding dies, and a split distance piece or cap carried by said piston-cylinder, adapted to contact with said dies, said distance piece or cap being removably carried by said piston-cylinder as and for the purposes set forth.

13. The combination with the central longitudinally separable die of a forging machine, of die-blocks and means for carrying and means for operating the same, die-sections carried by said die-blocks so that they can have a. slight vertical movement therein, and means for moving said die sections vertically to facilitate the stripping of the completed forging therefrom.

14. The combination with the central longitudinally split die of a forging machine, of die bloclrs and means for securing said die sections to said die blocks and for permitting them to have a movement therein toward or away from one another.

15. The combination with the central die of a forging machine, said die being split longitudinally, its outer ends being circular in section and its inner part being rectangular and furnished with shoulders, of a surrounding die block and bars carried longitudinally by said block for carrying said die and permitting a slight vertical movement therein relatively to the die blocks.

16. In a forging machine, in combination, a longitudinally split central die, die blocks, means for securing said die sections to said die blocks so that they may have a movement therein in a direction at right angles 'to their longitudinal axis, and means for moving said die sections toward one another when said die blocks are separated.

17. In a forging machine, in combination, a. longitudinally split central die, die blocks, means for so securing said die sections to said die blocks that they may have a movement therein toward or away from one another, and hydraulically operated rods engaging and exerting a const-ant pressure upon the outer sides of said die sections.

18. In a forging machine, in combination, a longitudinally split central die, die blocks, means for so securing said die sections to said die blocks that they may have a movement therein toward or away from one another, hydraulically operated rods engaging and exerting a constant pressure upon the outer sides of said die sections, and wearing pieces interposed between said rods and die sections.

19. The combination with the movable longitudinally se aarable dies of a forging machine, of longitudinally separable die blocls the one carrying the upper section and the other the lower section of the die, a sleeve carried by one of said die blocks, and a pin carried by the other die block and entering said sleeve.

20. The combination with the movable longitudinally separable die sections of a forging machine, of longitudinally separable die blocks carrying said die sect-ions, and means carried partly by each of said die blocks for causing said die blocks and dies to close in register.

HENRIK V. LOSS.

Viitnesses CHARLES HEIMAN, CHARLES A. BUTTER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Eatents,

Washington, D. C.

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