US1091781A - Still. - Google Patents

Description

L, TURNER.

STILL.

APPLzuA'zuox' Fl LLB Ali/L10, i912 Patented Mar. 31, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

G. L. TURNER.

STILL.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 10, 1912.

1,09 1,781 Patented Mar. 31, 1914.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

N 5 Cues-3cm: JHUWHM' (K (Z Q 77 (bail .L. Turner enrrnii s ATES PATENT OFFICE.

CECIL L. TURNER. or new YORK, N. y, sszsnon or ONE-HALF TO SIDNEY H. HART,

' 0F noesron. TEXAS.

STILL.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented B1313 31 1914.

Appiieation filed April 10. 1912. Serial No. 689,700.

presentinvention has in view are: To provide a still wherein fractional and continuous. distillation may be perl'flrmed; to pre *vide a still adapted for the production at frartienal distillation ot' the hydro-carbon ()llS Ol other volatile liquids: to provide means for conserving the heat employed in the distillation: and to provide means for iIHTtUSlHg the output ntsti'lls adapted for practical distillation. I I i ytet'erenre is to be had tn the accompanying drawings forming a part of thisspecifirafinn. in \\'llllill llflllflf characters of ref ereiv-e indicate eorres 'mnding,parts in all the views. and in \\-'l'1ieh" -'Fignre l a front view of *ais'i' ll emxstrwted and hrranged in aeeordnnfib ith the presentinvention: Fig.

2 is a harhriew t the shine: Fig. 3 is a vertiezii seelion taken on the line 23-h in Fig. 4; Fig. l; a tep plan view of the. end section of the stiil: Fig. 1': a (let-ail view,

on enlarged .srale. sheiviug'a siqiport and a rress Fig. 5.

drain gutter for the emporatingtables em ipleyed in the present invention: and Fig. sertion taken on the line (5 in As sheivn in theat-mmpnnyingdrawings. the still is eniplowid in thedistillation' er refining oi hyi'lr'o-rawhen and crude oil. In

the operation of the invention. the oil is deposit d in a tank ll. which disposed atany suitable height. The eilis thence delivered to a basiii'IC-B. beinglthe first of a series of similar basins. lhenre the oil. (lows through a dividing wall. by means an overflow pipell'i. in, a second basin 14, "and thence through a dividing-wall. by

means of an UCEI'HOYV pipe '17. to a "his basil:-

it will be andersiemjl that this series may be extended. in each of said ehaml'ier. except as the 'Oil fl to the other over 'aum-evtipor basins, the oilis subjet'ed tij tlie ajetibn of a preheating system, later described. From the last basin oftheeer-iesfin the present instance the basin 15, the oil is conducted by an overflow pipe 18 ton pump 19, to be thence delivered by way of a. pipe 20 to a heat-transfer tank 21. From the tank 21, by way of a delivery pipe'22'," the oil is deposited in'a trough 23, which is theinilial member of a series of troughs, each connerted by a spreading or draining table. The seeond trough of the series-referred to is designated by the numeral '24,fwhieh-, as best seen in Figs. 1 and 4 ofdrawings, is disposed at. the opposite side ofr-the first. evaporatingchamber. I

The. troughs 23 and 2.4 am discbnnected, exeept as the .oil is passed-from th' said series. are similarlyijc nnect ed; the troughs 25 and 2(i: -27]and"2 8. net-ted. though mounted. Within he From the trough Eli-Bethe finaljof e series;

the oil is eonducted by alpipe 3O Fig.1) "t e ihi eyl inder seetion 31 of the t ensf a The rylindef' section; dr pipe 32. ivhieh leads "the heavier "for body portion of the oil oil to arreseryeir ordecanting" station. v

Disposed between each .pairi bfytroughs, I

such as 23 and 24 and 25mid2e; is 'a-"table 33. The tables 33 are supportedby the troughs 23. Q4, 25, 26', 2] and 28 "nd are each provided ivitha steai11'b0x3' the table 3P is heated. Zach ofth is supplied by a steam-heating sy Y m, said boxes being eonneefed l) iTi8?lI1 S Qf Ilippl(-3S 3G, l i;1. -l. Io a supply-pipei35, and a,ch box being provided with a steam-delivery pipe 217 Fig. 3. The pipe 37 is returned to" the boiler steam generator to mainttiin the circulation of the heatsysem.

y means of suitable valves 38Fig. 4'dis- 'over the table 33 therein.

posed on the steam-supply pipe35, the degree of heat produced in each of the boxes 34 is predetermined and -maintained. It will be. observed-that the flow of the heated steam-through the boxes 34 is transverse to the flow of the oil from between the troughs 23 and 2.4, and between the troughs 25 and r 2G and the troughs 2 7 and 28; or, in other words, the flow ofthe heating medium is perpendicular to the progression of the oil under treatment. This insures that the oil is, during the passage through each evaporating chamber, subjected constantly to one degree of heat; therefore, the gravity of the distillate may-be accurately predetermined by regulating the heatin each of the boxes 34 by manipulating the valves 38 to increase or diminish the flow of steam in the said boxes.

Each evaporating chamber is separated from'the other bydomes 39. 40 and 41, which rest upon the flanges 42 of the troughs contained within said *chambers. Each dome is. suitably constructed to provide a sufficient area to promote the evaporation of the lighter gases from thebody of the oil v or liquid passing over the table 33mounted in each chamber.. The vapors, as evolved,

. rise to the upper portion ofthe domes, and

are there drawn oil through pipes 43 and bonnet's 44, (Fig. 3) one rafwhich each' dome is provided with. The'bon'nets 44 are Preferably elongated horizontally, to removefthe vapors evolved in the chambers at a certain level. & 1 The vargousrpipes 43 are each extended through the walls of the basins .13, 14am x 15, and are operatively connected-"with a,

crosshead drum 45, into which the vapors are delivered, and from which they are extracted by. cooling coils 46. The coils 46 are disposed substantially as shown in the drawin s, and are at the lower end connected with a rum47. The drums 47 are each provided with delivery pipes 48. Each pipe 48 is directl connected with separate tanks 49, into w ich'thecondensed liquid or oil is de- 5 livered by pipes 50. It will be understood that there is a tank 49 assigned individually 50: to each of the domes 39, 40 and 41,.and that the product drawn from each of the said domes under usual conditions-varies, the variation being controlled in the manner above stated; to wit, by maintaining in the '55 boxes 34 a constant heat, and in maintain- ;ing a constant flow of theoil in said dome To accommodate the operation of the still,

whereby-the various products may be mixed,

-80 I connect the various pipes 50 by means of cross pipes 51'Fig. 4. Under normal conditions, the pipes 51 are closed by valves 52 connected therewith. Under normal conditions, the pipes 50 are open to the tanks 49,

but when desired, these pipes may be closed by valves 53, thereby. diverting the flow of 011 from any particular one of the tanks for delivery to another of the battery of tanks.

To assist the circulation of the vapors evolved in-the said evaporating chambers, a fan 53 Fig, 3 is employed. The fan is driven from any suitable power sup ly, being connected therewith by a pul ey 59. From the fan 58, air is delivered by way of a pipe 60, to a horizontally extended pipe 61. The pipe 61 is connected by branch pipes 62 to nozzles 63 Fig. 3. The nozzles 63 are each introduced into the pipes -13 by which the heated vapors are'drawn from the various domes 39, 40 and 41. -VVl1en the ian 58 is in operation, the pressure in the pipes 60, 61 and 62 drives the vapors downward through the pipes 43, to produce therein an action resembling the action of a pulsometer or injector of usual construction and operation. The current established in this manner in the pipe 43 operates to rapidly and positively draw off the vapors. from the various domes 39, 40 and 41., and to therein create a slight rarefaction which promotes the evolvement of the desired vapors from the oil or liquid in each dome.

Certain oils have mixed therewith water,

which, under favorable conditions will pre- 7 cipitate out of the oil. Such conditions are to be found in the troughs 23 to 28 inclusive,

-where the inclined bottoms 54 deliver the water precipitated from the oil to sumps 55 Fig. 5. drawn by drainage pipes 56, for delivery to any convenient waste or pound. Under the ordinary service conditions of the still,"a water level is maintained. in the drainage system, which level rises to above the entrance of the drainage pipe 56 within the sumps55'. I

It will be understood from the foregoing description showing the methodemployed for heating the oil preliminary to introducing the same into the evaporating chambers, that certain light but valuable volatiles will be given oil by the oil in the basins 13, 14,

and 15, which volatiles, rising under the box From the sumps 55, the water is 34, would be expanded, and when accumulated, might form a pressure injurious to the perfect operation of the still. It is to provide an escapement for these volatiles from the basins 13, 14 and 15, that I provide drawipes 57 Fig. 3, Each pipe is connected with the b'onnets 44 or pipes 43, to

be influenced by the circulation in the said pipes 43, to form a slight but suflicient draft in said basins before the oils heat therein,

When thus equipped, it will be seenthat the light volatiles referred to are captured, and condensed in the coils 46, and carried, with the vapors, from the domes 33, 34 and 35.

A pipe is providedto draw off the oil or For this purpose, it will be.noted that the.

liquid from the basins 13, 14 and 15, when such action is deemed necessary or desirable.

floors of the various basins are dipped to the center, to deliver to drain pipes 65, which pipes are in open communication with the pipe 64.

From the foregoing, it will be seenthat the crude oil delivered from the tank ll is circulated through the basins 13, 14 and 15, being there subjected to the heat of the coils in, until, when the oil is delivered by the pipe 18 to the pump 1!), it is raised in temperature considerably above the temperature of the body of oil contained in the l tank 11. As this partially-heated oil is pumped through the transfer tank 21, it is a ain heated by the heavy oil passing through the jacket 31, for delivery by the pipe 32 to a reservoir or decanting station, as above stated. \Vhen, now, after passing through the tank 21, the oil is delivered to the first of, the domes :59, it has already been heated to a degree requiring but little further heat to evolve the vapors of the lighter oils. From this point on, the oil is succesv ively increased in heat, evolving thereby from the body oil the various grades of lighter oils, which grades are predeterminedly arranged as to the fractional distillation desired. From the last of the domes, the highlyheated body oil is {elivered to the tank 21, to, in its; turn, pre- .heat, by transfer to, the oil being introduced into the domes 3t), 40 and 41, in the manner above outlined.

- It Will also be observed that the'heat of the domes and of the vapors liberated there in is conserved by passing the said vapors through the coils 46 to transfer the heat of the oil passing through the basins 13, 14 and 15. The conservation of heat thus outlined is in practice found such as to require a minimum supply of steam to the boxes 34.

In the perfect running of the still, it will he understood that all of the initial heat. for the still is supplied by the steam-heating system, of which the boxes 34 comprise a part.

l'laving thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters la tent 1'. still, having a crude-oil supply eni to the source of supply; a steam-heating system for said chambers, embodying a series of radiators disposed ad acent the floor of each of said chambers, said radiators being arranged in series; and means for regulating the temperature of said radiators;

2. A still, having a crude-oil supply embodying a plurality of evaporating .cham

'bcrs, each chamber having a spreading floor to the source of supply; a steam-heating systom for said chambers, embodying a series of radiators adjacent the floor ot'each of said chambers, said radiator-s being arranged in series; mean-,wfor regulating the temperature of said radiators; means for conveying away from said chambers the vap ors gener ated therein; and means for condensing said vapors by passing the same through the crude-oil prior to the introduction thereof to the first of said chambers.

3. In a still such'as described, the combination of a crude-oil supply embodying a tank, a basin in open communication with said tank, a heater, a series of evaporating chambers, means in each of said chambers for spreading the oil in a thin layer'while passing therethrough, and an apparatus for maintaining the circulation of said oil in the order named; a steam-heating system embodying a plurality of radiators, dis- .posed each under and adjacent the floor of the oil; and a plurality of condensing coils,

situated in said basin, .each of,

each bein r said coils being in open communication with one of said evaporating chambers. said coils being adapted to transfer the heat of the vapors drawn from said chambers to the oil supply in said basin.

4. In a still such as described, the combination of a crude-oil supply embodying a tank, a basin in open communication with said tank, a heater, a series of eva'pm'ati-ng chambers, means in each of said chambers for spreading the oil in a thin layer while passing thd-rethrough, and an apparatus for imiintainin; the circulation of said oil in the order named; a steam-heating system cmbodying a plurality of radiators. disposed each under and adjacent the floor of said compartments, a heater for the oil preliminary to the introduclhm thereof to the initial evaporating chamber. means for regulating independently. the lhli'rltllng" medium supplied to said radiators, and means t'or supplying steam to said radiators and said heater, to cause the steam totr'avel inc 2 ing the passage of the vapers 'from said directionthe opposite of that followed by chambers to'said coils. v i f'the oil;' a pluralit-y of condensing coils, each In testimony whereof I havje signed my being situated in said basin, each of said name to this specification in the presence of 5' C(EilS being in open communicationwith 'one' two subscribing witnesses.

' o -.said evaporating chambers said coils be 1 I Y Y 1 ing aglapted to transfer the lie'ato'f the ve CECIL FL B pors drawn from said chambers to the oil Witnesses,

.- supply in said basin; and means n open E. F; MUnnooK,

10 communication with said coils for accelerat- Pmmr D. ROLLHAUB.

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