US1089892A - Explosion gas-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

H. ZOELLY.

EXPLOSION GAS TURBINE.

nrmcumn rum) IAN. e, 1913.

Patented Mar. 10, 1914.

[Vine/01519.5.-

HEINRICH ZOELLY, 0F ZURICH, SWITZERLAND.

EXPLOSION GAS-TURBINE.

Specification oi. Letters Patent. I Patented Mar. 10,1914.

Application filed January 6, 1913. Serial No. 740,470.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HEINRICH ZonLLY, a citizen of the Republic of Switzerland, residing. at Zurich, Switzerland, have invented new and useful Improvements in Explosion Gas-Turbines with at Least One Piston-Compressor; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

The invention relates to an explosion gas turbine, which is provided with at least one piston compressor. The hitherto known turbines of this type possess the draw-back that the pressure existing in the explosion chamber and therefore the discharge velocity of the combustion gases through the nozzles is very variable since the peripheral speed of the moving blades can only correspond with a single value of the discharge velocity, all other values of the speed were either too hi h or too low, and therefore the so called by raulic efficiency and therewith the total efliciency of the turbine was insuflicient.

The purpose of the present invention is to do away with this drawback The invention consists in applying special devices and means for rendering the pressure in the explosion chamber as constant as possible. For this purpose the combustion gases act after their ignition, that is to say in the moment in which they tend to assume a large volume and a. large pressure, in the first instance on the workin piston of a two-cycle engine, one end of t e cylinder of which is continually in good open connection with the explosion chamber. At the beginning of the explosion the working piston rapidly recedes and transmits the work received from the combustion gases for compressing the combustion air and fuel to an auxiliary medium and partly also to the reciprocating masses. At the return stroke of the working piston the masses of the piston and the medium deliver the greater part of the previously received work again to the gases left in the combustion chamber, so

that the gases flow through the nozzles at an utmost constant pressure and in consequence thereof at an utmost constant speed.

In the accompanying dra "ings the invention is illustrated by ay c example.

In the form of construction shown in Figure 1 a single cylinder engine, and in the form of construction shown in Fig. 2, a tw1n-cylinder engine is connected to the combustion chamber.

In Fig. 1, a designates the workin piston and b the compressor piston rigidly coupled thereto. The medium for driving the gas turbine flows into the workin or combustion cylinder 0 at the left side of the piston a. The space at the right side of the piston a is connected by a pipe (5 with a large receptacle e in which an almost 0011- stant pressure 11 is maintained. The compressor cylinder may be always open to the left. Its right side is temporarily connected by a pipe g to an air receptacle I), from which the air necessary for combustion flows at the proper moment through the pipe 2' into the combustion chamber is. A special pump a supplies the combustion chamber In with fuel through the pipe Z. When the working piston is in its extreme position to the left or moves from the right toward this position, the ignition is performed in the chamber is in a, wellknown manner by a special device, the combustion mixture tends to rapidly expand and moves the working piston a first at a high speed toward the right. Mainly two forces counteract this movement, first the pressure p, existing)in the rece tacle e, which is transmitted y the pipe 5 to the right side of the iston a, second the ressure of the air exlsting at the right slde of the compressor piston b, which pressure at first is not larger than the atmospheric pressure. Besides there counteracts the friction of the piston rod and pistons and the inertia of the same and of the auxiliary medium. The working piston a and the compressor iston b are suddenly moved toward the rlght, so that the air at the right side of the compressor piston is compressed until the valve m in the pipe 9 is opened and the compressed air is dischar ed through the pipe g into the compresse air receiver h. From this moment until the end of the piston stroke the through the pipe 02.

' may be used several force counteracting the working piston a remains approximately constant, especially if the receptacles e and h are relatively large. The valve m is automatically closed after a short time and the piston is moved to the left only by the pressure p, in the receptacle a, during the return stroke the compressor piston b sucks new air for the charge During this time the ignited combustible mixture at the left side of the working piston a is discharged more and more through the nozzle 0. During this whole period the ignited combustible mixture has a pressure which is only a little smaller than the specific pressure 79 and therefore nearly constant. is sufficiently moved to the left, new mixture is admitted to the combustion chamber a and ignited, and a new cycle of working begins. The air escaping from the large receptacle during one cycle in consequence of leakage may be replaced by compressed air, which is pressed at a suitable moment by the compressor piston b in the receptacle 6 through the controlled channel 1". The pipe d may also be controlled by means of a valve so that the right side of the working piston a is connected to the receptacle 6 only during the first part of the forward stroke (to the right), and is gradually disconnected therefrom, and even may be connected to the atmosphere by means of a secondary pipe d, which can be closed by a valve 3 while the counter'pressure at the right side of the compressor piston b increases. The receptacles e and 71, may be connected to a single receptacle as shown in Fig. 2.

Instead of air, water or. any other fluid may act on the right side of the working piston 01,, the action of the mass of which, being larger than that of air, can be used in a suitable manner.

In order to neutralize the action of the mass of the reciprocating parts, the piston engine may be made as a twin-cylinder engine as shown in Fig. 2. In this construction there are arranged two pistons 25 and 1/. working in opposite directions in the work ing cylinder .9, and to each of them there is rigidly connected compressor piston, 11 and 'w.

Instead of a single piston engine there machines in parallel and arranged in a suitable manner with regard to the gasturbine proper. The gas turbine may be a single-stage or a multistage turbine, an action turbine or a reaction turbine, or it may be provided with impulse wheels as well as with reaction wheels. The closing devices necessary in the dilferent channels may be controlled in the known manner either automatically by the machine or by aspced governor.

The air or the fuel may be compressed in After the piston nocaeea a known manner, before they enter the compressor cylinder 6 (Fig. 1), for example by means of a centrifugal compressor.

I claim:

1. In an explosion gas turbine, the combination with a piston compressor, of a two cycle gas engine for impelling said compressor, the combustion gases of said engine expanding during the outward movement of its piston, an explosion chamber in continuous communication with the cylinder of said engine, nozzles connected to the coinbustion chamber, a rotor wheel, auxiliary means for expelling said combustion gases during the inward stroke of the piston of the gas engine at an approximately constant pressure and for causing these gases to flow during the whole working process through said nozzles at a speed of the greatest possible uniformity to said rotor wheel.

2. In an explosion gas turbine, the combination with a piston compressor, of a two cycle gas engine impelling said compressor, the combustion gases of said engine expanding during the outward movement of its piston, an explosion chamber in continuous communication with the cylinder of said engine, nozzles connected to the combustion chamber, a rotor wheel, auxiliary means for expelling said combustion gases during the inward stroke of the piston of the gas engine at an approximately constant pressure and for causing these gases to flow during the whole working process through said nozzles at a speed of the greatest possible uniformity to said rotor wheel, and a medium contained in said means connected during the greater part of a working process to the side of the gas engine cylinder opposite to that of the explosion chamber, said medium receiving work from the products of combustion during the outward stroke of the piston of the gas engine, while it transmits its work to said products during the inward stroke of said piston.

3. In an explosion gas turbine, the combination with a piston compressor, of a two cycle gas engine impelling said compressor, the combustion of said engine expanding during the outward movement of its piston,

an explosion chamber in continuous communication with the cylinder of said engine, nozzles connected to the combustion chamber a rotor wheel, auxiliary means for impelling said combustion gases during the inward stroke of the piston of the gas engine at an approximately constant pressure and for causing these gases to flow during the whole working process through said nozzles at a speed of the greatest possible uniformity to said rotor wheel, said means including a receptacle filled with air and connected during the greater part of a working process to the side of the gas engine cylinder opposite to that of the explosion chainthe combustion gases of said engine expanding during the outward movement of its position, an explosion chamber in continuous communication with the cylinder of said engine, noazles connected to the com- 5 bustion chamber, a rotor wheel, auxiliary means for impel-ling said combustion gases during the inward stroke of the piston of the gas engine at an approximately constant pressure and for causing these gases to fiow during the whole working process through said nozzles at a speed of the greatest possible uniformity to said rotor wheel, said means including a receptacle filled with air used for the combustion and connected during the greater part of a working process to the side of the gas engine cylinder opposite to that of the explosion chamber, the air in said receptacle receiving work from the products of combustion during the outward stroke of the piston of the gas engine, while the air transmits work to said products during the inward stroke of said piston.

In an explosion gas turbine, the combination with a piston compressor, of a twocycle twin-cylint'lcr gas engine having pistons working in opposite directions and impelling said compressor, the combustion gases of said engine expanding during the outward movement of its istons, an cxplosion chamber in continuous connnunication with the cylinder of said engine, nozzles connected to the combustion chambers, a rotor wheel and auxiliary means for expelling said combustion gases during the inward stroke of the pistons of the gas engine at an approximate constant pressure and for causing these gases to flow during the whole working process through said nozzles at a speed of the greatest possible uniformity to said rotor wheel.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HEINRICH ZOELLY.

Witnesses CARL Gunman, CARL MEYsn.

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