US1089444A - Internally-fired engine. - Google Patents

Description

W. H. SMYTH.

INTBENALLY FIRED ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED F3116, 1900.

Patented Mar. 10, 19%

6 BHEETS-SHEET 1.

Fig. 1.

W. H". SMYTH.

INTERNALLY FIRED ENGINE.

IAPPLIOATION FILED FEB. 5, 1900.

Patented Mar. 10, 1914 a sums-sunk.

W. H. SMYTH. mTERbfALLY FIRED ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. B, 1900.

Patented Mar. 10, 1914- a snEBTa-simm a.

VQLH. SMYTH INTEBNALLY FIRED ENGINE.

APPLIGATION FILED FEB. 5, 1900.

1,089,444. Patented M&1.10,l914:.

5 sums-B11221 4.

m EXAM KL W, 35". SMY I'H,

INTEEfiTALLY FIRED ENGINE.

APPLICATION 21mm FEB. a, 1900.

tentefi; Mar. 1 1914 mm mm the various parts.

WILLIAM H. SIVIYTH, on

runs COMPANY, A

BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR '10 HUMPHILEY GAS CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

INTERNALLY-FIBED ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented lttar. 1t), rare.

Application filed February 5, 1900. Serial No. 1,129.

1 '0 id! 20710111. it 'lmu cmiccrn Be it known that l, WILLLnu l-l'. Snv'rn, mechanical engineer, citizen of the United States, residing at lierkclcy, in the county of Alameda and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improve ments in lntcrnally-Fired Engines and I do hereby declare the jollowing to be a full clear, and exact description of the same.

Thisinvention Rdates to internally tired engines and has for its object, a more perfect utilization of the expansive force of heat and also simplicity of construction.

A further object of this invention is to provide an internally tired heat engine particularly adapted to raising or Forcing; water by the direct application of the expansive force of heat as displayed in explosive action.

These objects are aciannplished by means oi the device illust "atcd in the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 shows a sectional elevation. the upper part down to the joint line at the bottom of cylinder 7 being a section on the line A B C D of Fig. 4 and Fig. From this joint line down, the balance of the figure is a section on line E i at Fig. 3 and Fig. 5.

-. Fig. 2 a sectional clcvaii n through line G H I J of Fig. with cylinders 10 and 7 and cam 12 section on the line K L. Fig. 3 is a section through line M i\ of Figs. 1, 2 and ,(i. Fig. l is a plan view with the cover 30 removed. Fig. 5 is a. full plan. Fig. (l is a trout elevation. Fig. 7 shows an elevation of the device as placed in position in con nection with the receiving tank, parts of the view being broken away to more clearly illustrate it.

Having now briefly described the figures I will for the sake of clearness describe each figure in detail and then by means of a full and detailed description of the operation make clear the function and cooperation of Fig. 1 1s a vertical section as stated. -'ihe view' is, not a section on a true plan p5, for purposes of illus'trz ition, the upper par of the view is made to include more than would be seen in a section made on a perfect plan, by this means the valve mechanism is made clearer. Rcfe'ring to this figure, 1 is an explosive chamber or cylinder (using this term conventionally) form. v-henpper end 0 of any suitable which constitutes a l t l t 1 l 1 1 pump chamber, the lower end of this cylin- 'trode cf an electric circuit and der is prolonged into a return curve or conduit. 2, the outletof which is provided. With. a check valve or gate 3 of large capacity opening outward, more particularly do scribed hereinafter. A check valve t opening inward is provided preferably at the bottom of the return curve. A strainer 5 protects this valve. An air chamber or ac un'mlater 6 surrounds and embraces the cylinders 1 of which there are two like that shown in this figure, located side by side. as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. l Vithin this casing and dependingl'rom the upper end thereof is a large cylinder 7 having a movable piston 8 therein. It is provided with a-port or passage 9 opening into and comnmnimting with the cylinder 1 at its lower extremity. the pas-- sage from the upper portion of the cylinder 7 connnunicatinp, with one cylinder 1. while the passage from the lower part of cylinder .7 communicates with the other cylinder 1 at the corresponding location. 'lhcsc connections are indicated by the dotted lines connecting the upper and loweruapert ures 9 and are shown in 1 and 3 at 9. Depending from the cylinder 7 is another cylinder 10 extending down into the air chamber (3. De pointing from the upper portion of the cylinder T is a spiral or rifled bar 11 journaled in the upper head of cylinder T. To this bar 11 where it extends through the cylinder head, is secured a cam 12 upon the. circumferential surface of which, are suitable contours to operate various valves and other directing and controlling mecl'ianisms. The cylinder 1 is provided with an ignition chain ber 13, in which is located a suitable ignition device shcwn in this figure as a rotatable toothed wheel cr-star 14. forming one elecan insulated spring 15 forming the other electrode. The battery and electric circuit are clearly shown in Fig. at. The ignition chamber is provided with an inlet valve 16 suitably con nected with a source of fuel supply. shown in this instance as being a reservoir 17, having a suitable valve controlled pipe 18 provided with a regulating valve 19 and a stop cock 20. The valve 16 is provided with a spring controlled stem, which engages with a suitably disposed contour on the surface of cam 12 to operate the valve in proper time. An exhaust valve 21 is also provided, similarly arranged and connected with a suitable cam contour on the cam 12, to give it appropriate motion.

The cylinder 10 is provided with a piston 2L, shown in Figs. 2 and This piston is operated by water pressure controlled by suitable valves, shown in Fig. 1 as piston 23 and auxiliary valve 2 1. Valve 2 1 is provided with a spring controlled stem, which engages with a suitable operating contour on cam 12. A pressure supply pipe 25 extending downwardly into the lower part of the air chamber below the surface of the water therein connects through the valves 23 and 2-1 with the cylinder 10, to actuate the piston therein. It is supplied with a suitable stop cook 26, with an operating handle 27 extending to the outside of the machine for the purpose of stopping and starting its operation. Upon the stem of the valve 26 is secured a lever 28, see Fig. 4:, connected by a link with the stop cock 20 of the fuel suppl'y pipe, to open and close it synchronously with the operation of valve 26.

29 is an exhaust outlet for valve 23, shown, in the present case as extending to the outside of the machine. A cover or casing 30 covers and inclo-ses the light working parts, which have been described This cover may be hinged or otherwise removably secured in place. It is shown in the present instance as being bolted. For constructive purposes, the device is made in three main sections which are bolted, as

shown in this figure, and also in Figs. 2, 1,

5 and 6.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section at right angles to Fig. 1 similarly modified for the purposes of clearer illustration. In some of the figures, including the present one, parts are omitted to avoid complication and obscurity in the views, these parts are however clearly shown in other views, also their connection and relation to the other parts of the ma chine. This .view shows two cylinders, side by'side, substantially similar to each other, and to that shown in Fig. 1, each provided with inlet and outlet valves, and a strainer common to both. The air chamber 6 is shown in this view, surrounding and inclo'sing the cylinders 1 and their valves 3, 3 as already described, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. The walls of the air. chamber form a smooth outer casing for the whole device. Withinv this casing and depending from the upper- part thereof 7 and 10 in section and the pistons S and 22 already referred to. Connecting these pistons 8 and 22 is a hollow piston rod 31 closed at its lower end. Extending from the upper. end of the upper cylinder, are two pipes and 33 which form guides for the piston.8 and also prevent its axial turning. These pipes extend to the outside of the cylinder and form water passage ways, one to the upper and the other to the lower ends the valve at proper times.

'1, occupying a corresponding are shown the cylinders length of the cylinder 10. cylinders -1 and their relation to each respectively of the lower cylinder 10 as shown. They also connect with the controlling valve as shown in Fig. l. The spiral. or ritled rod 11 is here shown extending centrzlly downward through piston 8 and entering the piston rod 31. At the upper end of this piston rod is a nut 31 secured to the piston which engages with the spiral rod 11 to turn it by the longitudinal motion of the piston S. The circular cam 12 is also here shown.

Extending upwardly through the air chamber to its upper part, is an air pipe 35, its upper end in open communication with the air chamber'ti. The lower end of this pipe is furnished with a suitable controlling valve 36, opening into the cylinder 1 a little below valve 11 valve stem extends to the outside of the casing through a suitable stut'ting box and engages with the operative cam 12 in any suitable way to be operated thereby, shown in the present instance as a pivoted arm or lever, one end of which is loosely connected to the upper end of the valve stem and the other end en aging with cam 12, which is provided witi an appropriate contour to depress the lever and raise A spring 37 raises the lever and assists in returning the valve to its seat after each operation. 1 similar valve, pipe and other described connections are supplied to the other cylinder I location in relation thereto, as shown in Fig. 3 at 35-, which indicates cross sections of pipe 35 and valve stem.

The source of electric eiiergy heretofore Y referred to with which the electrodes 11 and 15 connect, is here shown cells of a battery 38. A chain 39 attached to a ring bolt 10 fixed to the cover 30, is prdvided for the purpose of suspending the apparatus, when it is required to be employed in situations where a permanent foundation is not available, or where such means for supporting, is for any reason desirable. The outlet is indicated in Fig. 2 by the dotted line '11. It is also shown as a pipe 11 in Fig-1 and shown curved as a. flexible pipe n in Fig. 6. independent removable covers 42 are provided over the stuffing box of valve rod of valve so, to permit of easy access to the stalling box, or the remova of .the valve 36 for the purpose of repair.

it is seen from Fig. 2, that each cylinder 1 is provided with an independent water inlet having an independent controlling valve 4, but that these 'alves are protected by a strainer or casing common to both.

Fig. 3 is a sectional plan through he body of the air ciamber, about mi by of the it shows the other, it also shows the valves 3; one of these valves being shown as partly rosette hrohcn u, for purpose of showing the lniructer of the valve seat. These valves he oil extreme eensitiveness one shou d he off very large capacity his Joust it peeseges tl'leading iron} the torn peetivciy of the cylinder tiers i are heretofore shows the loco actuating; preesure pin 35 and pipe 33 lending; to the lower end of the ntler .ilO. nice shows the positic .-i oi.

' u i plan view of the machine, Muir cop or cover 30 oi the opercheniein, heinp; removed. it shows (min e of the inlet and exhaust valves the ECiMtilSt outlets lit 25 the inlet pge for air or gun viei stop cook 19 and its heck flow i i-e13 2:6 and link coi'inecting the cool: with the operating lever of v; .3 cit vnlvc it also shows or provihion is inside for connecting and ;.ntrolling the electric current. Attached 'f to the stem valve is u projecting finger 'll. stopetl insulated from the machine is locc tcl in the path of the finger 47 so that when i ie valve is turned on it acts both as stop to iiniit the motion of the valve Jon the stem of which it is eecurerl Arise to throw the battery into the .c circuit, ready to he completed by the L ient oil the electrodes 14; and iii. Tihe electrodes 15 insulated from the innchine, are connected by the wire 49 to one pole ofthe battery 38, the other electrodes 14%: heing connected to the battery through the niechine iinger 4:7, stop 48, when the "or engages therewith, and wire 50. Fig. i) i sliiows the conneetion'oi valve stem of valve 855 und its connection with the ccntrul one out this point of the ring colt 4% the exhuunt 1" ll inlet 6O the incl 1(*H(3l\()1l' l7" and ring end starting hnmllo 27.

n .i 5 also ul'ioivs the protecting cover of the operative i'llGCl'ulIllSHlS niul the arrange ment of the holts seen fiiiig this cover in place end also those which connei the main body out the machine together.

Fig, 6 a front elovntion of the machine in position. it chews its gcncrul arrange men-l: fljltl outward appeal-mice and the numnor in which the discharge pipe is attached "to the {llh liliil'g'jgll outlet The discharge pipe ho'wn a flexible hose appropriate to the location in which the device is represented. it also slums the proper innnorsion of the device, thou ill 5 :1, nnitlcr which may he "u y 'wi thont i'nutcrinlly of cilicirncyi Il i e. "l shows an cleion oi: one oi these (it, iccs to raise \Yzlitl tunic with. mittunetic arrangements l l I that while the pipes 32 and w i ,Di the taint 0 crates the stertln and etc ping handle 27. This consists "two fleets 61 and 62 suspended in the tank from a rocking counter-weighted lever 63 connected by a rod to it hellcrnnk lever 64: which is connected by it link to the operziiting handle 97 as indicated in this view. This construction provides that when the water level falls in the tank, the rlcvicc starts in operation and fills the tank till the water reaches the upper flout when it reversee and closes the valve 26'. it requires the aggregate buoyancy of both floats to move the valve in one direction and the aggregate weight of both iioets to move it in the other direction.

Owing to the extreme velocity with which the water passes through valve 3 and the extreme sutlclenncss with which the reaction from pressure to vacuum takes place, it is necessary as before stated that the valves 3 should be of gr nt sensitiveness to prevent lees by slippage, that is to say, the return of the water through the valve before its inertia pt'H-efits of ii closiug. It should also be of grant capacity to avoid friction and hesitation of water in passing through.

The operaiion of the device is as follows: 'issuniinp; the parts of the machine to be in position us indicated in Fig. l and the dischurgc pipe extending to some elevation and the device furnished with a body of "aier filling the pump cylinders or chainhere 1, to not us pistons, other voter in the discharge pip and air in the air chamber under the prcesure of the head to which the device is ini'ci'ulcil to raise water. The liquid fuel rulvc 19 being opened to the proper extent to give correct supply of iiuel, the deice ready to start. This is accomplished by turning the handle shown in Figs. 1, 5, and (i. This opens valve 26 shown in ll i e'v l and Fig. lhis'vnlve 26 controls the su, oly of water from pipe 25 extending lhe length of the air chamber 6 to near the bottom and hcncuth the surface of the water in the nir chamber 6 which water is under the pressure oi the head us the discharge 41 is in free communication with the air chamber (3. Thus the resiliency of the air in the air clnnnhcr-(i forces the water from said air chuinhcr up pipe 25 through the now open Volvo 26 into the chamber containing the controlling valve 94- :mtl the water thus uchnitic l forces the piston valve 23 from the position shown in Fig. 1 to the opposite end of the chzunhcr in which the piston valve 723 is located, thus changingthe course of the water, under-pressure of the air chuinhcr coining through pipe 25, fron'i pipe 32 as shown in Fig. 4. to the pipe 33 or; shown in Figs. 2 and i. It will be seen 33 extend down i'lur'ough cylinder 7, the pipe 32 opens into the upper part of the cylinder 10 While the 'to. the resilient force of the air in the air chamber 6 coinprc ed by the weight of the head of the water. the. piston 22 is caused to rise moving with it. the piston S in cylinder 7. to which it is rigidly connected by the hollow piston rod 31. The water above the piston in cylinder 10 being forced-outward through pipe-32 of Figs. '2 and 4-.

through chamber of valve 23 and exhaust passage 29 shown in Fig. 1.

The effect of the upward movement. of piston S is to force the water from the top of cylinder 7 as shown in Fig. 1 through passage 9 of the same figure down the whole length of the machine to the opening 9 beneath valve 3 and consequently into cylinder 1 of Fig. 1, thus filling the vacant space shown in Fig. 1 and marked 1, thus forcing out the spent gases of previous charge through the ignition chamber 13 and exhaust valve 21 which has been meanwhile opened by the cam 12 and thence out through the exhaust passage it, one of which is shown in Fig. 1. In the meant me the rising of piston 8 has performed the rc- 'verse operation for the companion cylinder 1, from which has been drawn by suction. that is forced by atmospheric pressure. a like volume of water to fill the space heneath piston 8 made by its upward movement. The lower part of cylinder 7 as above stated, is connected by a similar passage 9, to the lower part of the companion cylinder 1. These passages 9 which connect the upper and lower part of cylinder 7 are shown in. Fig. 3 as incased'in the wall of air chamber 6. It will thus be seen that while the uprising of piston S has introduced a measured volume of 'atcr-into one of the cylinders 1. and thus forr'c t out the spent ga scs. it has simultaneously caused the withdrawal of a similar volume of water from the companion cylinder 1 and the consequent entrance of air through the inlet valve 10, which has meanwhile been opened for that purpose. The opening and closing of these valves is performed automatically by the contour of the circular cam 12 shown in Figs. 1 and 4:. The valves. both inlet and exhaust. of the companion cylinders 1 are similar and in duplicate. as are also the sparking devices. The valves and sparking devices are shown in Fig. l. and the casing containing them is shown in Fig. t. The operation of these valves in proper the bottom end of the cyh.

time is performed by the cam 12 actuated by the 'rified rod 11 engaging with the nut or other suitable engagement 3% of piston 8 shown -in Figi ihz Theturning ofhandle 27 besides opening the valve 26 and cruising the actuation of piston S as described alsoturns the finger attached on the same valve stem as the handle 27 into engagement with theinsulated stop i8. This engagement besides limiting the motion of the valve handle completes the electric circuit from the battery to the sparking star 1% th ough the machine. The motion of handle 2? besides performing these two functions opens the stop cock 20 of the fuel supply. The fuel, preferably 'gasolene. drips down into the up turned elbow of pipe {5, Fig. 4. through which the air passes to supply the space in cy inder 1, as water is withdrawn therefrom by the motion of piston 8. That is to say air, with its complement of gasolene will flow past the check valve 46 of the cylinder from which Water is being withdrawn. it may now be assumed that one of the c vlin ders 1 is tilled with gasolenc impregnated air, that is gasolene vapor at atmospheric pressure and the piston 8 has nearly reached one end of its stroke.

The next operation after the closing of exhaust valve 21 and inlet valve 16 is the opening of valve 36, by the engagement of its lever with cam 12, thus thiu'tlgh the holes at the top of the pipe shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the compressed air in the air chamber or accumulator 6,-, is permitted to flow, through pipe beneath valve 3 of the cylinder 1 which has received its charge of explosive mixture. Assuming this is the condition shown in Fig. 1. that is, that it has its charge of gas at atmospheric pressure. the water beneath valve 3 would be displaced by a volume of air from the air chamber and the water in chamber 1 would 4 be forced upward by this displacement and so compress the inclosed explosive charge l the upward movement of the surface of water beneath the explosive charge The device is now in condition of having in one of the cylinders 1. a charge of explosive gases compressed to a degree of compression equal to the static head to which the water is being raised, while the other cylinder is means.

pressure to the opposite end of the valve 23 which beingmoved thereby in its turn diverts the course oi. the water from pipe 33 to pipe and the top end of cylinder l and consequently causes the down ward motion of piston 22 and. thus a repetition of the described operation with reference to the cylinder 1 which we left full of water and so on in indefinite cycle the continuous operation of the machine. 0t course the explosion and expansion of the con'ipresscd charge creates the partial vacuum in the cylinder 1 in which it occurs and this is satisfied with water through the foot valve 4 of the cylinder in which the vacuum exists.

The fuel is preferably carried in a reser voir on the top of the device as shown in Fig. 1 at 1'7. This reservoir is provided with a simple plug or other suitable regulating valve shown in Fig. 1 at 19 on its pipe 18 for the purpose of regulating the amount of flow of the gasolene. The pipe 18 projects downward into the open end of the upturned pipe 45 shown in Fig. 4 which is the air supply pipe common to both cylinders 1. This pipe 45 branches in opposite directions to the valve chest of each cylinder 1. and may be provided on each of its branches with an inlet check valve lG. These check valves are not ordinarily necessary but are simply additional precaution,

as the valve 16 to the chamber back of which pipe 45 leads, as shown in Fig. 1, is sufficient to cut oil the explosive flame from the pipe 45. The valve 16 is a positively opcrated valve whereby attenuation of the charges is prevented. After the explosion has occurred the spent gases are simply forced out through the ignition chamber 13. exhaust valve 21 and outlet 44 as shown in Figs. 1, 4.- and 5. The hole 60 as shown on the cover in Fig. is purposely not in close proximity to the air and fuel pipe 45 but is at some considerable distance away. the object of this being to have a current of fresh air flowing through the whole chamber beneath the cover so his to sweep out any p'asolene vapors whichiniqht accumulate there,

The electric circuit is clearly shown in Fig. 4, p

the wire 49 connectingone pole of the battery 38 with the insulated posts to which the insulated springs 15 are attached as shown in Figs. 1 and 4. The other Wire 50 connects the other pole of the battery with, the insulated stop post 48. into contact with which the finger 47 is brought by movement of the handle 2? as already described. Tllhisrnalres connection with the sparlicr star 14 through the metal of the machine. The. automatic starting: and stopping arrangement may or 'may not: be used as the circumstances war its method of ophration is obvious rant. from the description.

It will be observed in this tor-in of the invention that prior to and during heat gen.-

erat-ion the explosion chamber is not only surrounded on the inside by a t'lni of nonconducting material of much less conductivity, (namely a film of water) than the material of the cylinder, but that on the out side it is likewise covered and encompassed by a.nt)n-coml11cto1. namely, air. Further that immediately succeeding the heat genoration, the cylinder is cooled by the rush and splash of thewatcr into the air chamber insuring complete cooling of the cylinder walls prior to the inflow of a succeeding charge. Also that whatever heating may take place of the cylinder walls (hiring the generation oi. heat, it is tran ,ferred to the air in the air chamber with its consequent heating of the air therein and its transformation into available work. 'lhese functions, though of course not so valuable in the present device, as they would he available in the previous types of heat energy utiliu ing devices, are here incorporated for what they are worth.

It is obvious of course, that though, for the purposes of constructive economy, the Whole of the heat generatioi'i or explosion chamber is not inclosed within the air chamber, that this may readily be accomplished if deemed desirable.

It is also apparent that the charging and pressure cylinders are not of necessity lo cated within the air chamber or even inherently and of necessity intimately connected with the air chamber. They may be located at a considerable distance from the explosion chamber as for example on the surface of the ground in cases where it is desirable to have the explosion chamber at the bottom of a shaft or well.

It is also apparent that he, whole device itself may be located. at a, distance from the point at which the work is being utilized, as for instance, the air, water or impulses may be carried by air-or water pipes or other .means to suitable devices at the bottom of a shaft or other distant location, while the device itself remains at the surface or other position separated from such force utilizing devices.

Besides the various forms or modifications herein illustrated, described or ref rred to this invention is capable of great variation of form, arrangement and constructive detail without departing from the essential nature of the invention, some of such being possibly more satisfactory embodiments of the invention than, these illustrated in the present disclosure. v v

An illustration of another embodiment of the invention involved in. the present disclosure di tierinp; radically in appearance and constructive detail, presented in the ccm panion application for imprcweinents in l. so

utilizing heat energy filed Feb. 5th, 1900, Serial No. 4:128.

As illustrating the extent and scope of the invention underlying the construction herein set forth reference is here made to another aceonnianying application also tiled on the same day bearing Serial No. 4127 for a new art or proce. under the title of improvements in utilizing heat energy.

It will be seen that many changes in form, construction and arrangement ot the various parts of this device also means employed in charging the explosion chamber with power and of causing the explosive force otheat to he exerted against the piston may be made to apply this invention without departing from the essential character thereof. I do not therefore contine myself to the form proportion or arrangement of the devices or any oi them herein shown, but merely show this as a convenient form in which the invention may be applied to a large number of uses.

What I claim is 1. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination (.l' a combustion chamber provided with an igniter and means to regulate the in and outllow of lluids, an air chamber surrounding the combustion chamber and having an inlet: passage thereto and a discharge from the air chamber.

2. in an apparatus oi the named type, the ctm'ibination of a combustion chamber provided with an igniter and means to regulate the in and oulllow of fluids, an air chamber surrounding the combustion chamber and having a valve controlled inlet pas- .age thereto and a discharge from the air chamber.

3. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination. oi a multiplicity otcombust ion chambers provided with suitable devices and having controlling devices to regulate the in and outliow of fluids, an air chamber surrounding the combustion chambers connected therewith by suitable passages, a discharge from the air chamber, means adapted to form a succession of explosive charges and a power driven engine to introduce the charges into the combustion chamber.

4. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a combustion chamber provided with an igniter and means to regulate the in and outflow of fluids, an air chamber surrounding the combustion chainher, an inlet passage from the air chamber to the combustion chamber whereby material driven from the combustion chamber is opposed by the air in the air chamber and a discharge from the air chamber.

5. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination ofa combustion chamber provided with an igniter and means to rep;-

ulate the in and outflow of fluids, an

chamber surrounding the combustion chamber, means to introduce liquid to act as a piston in the combustion chamber, a valve controlled inlet passage from the air chamher to the, combustion chamber whereby liquid driven from the combustion chamber is opposed by the air in the air chamber and a discharge from the air chamber.

6. In an app-.vatus of the named type, the combination of a combustion chamber provided with an ignitcr and means to regulate the in. and outflov'of fluids, a nonreturn valve controlled passage to introduce liquid from the exterior to act as a piston in the combustion chamber, an air chamber surrounding the combustion chamber, a valved controlled inlet passage from'the air chamber to the combustion chamber whereby liquid driven from the combustion chamher is opposed by the air in the air chamher and a discharge from the air chamber.

7. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a combustion chamber provided with an igniter and means to form a succession of explosive charges, a power driven engine or motor to introduce the charges'into the combustion chamber, a nonreturn-valvecontrolled passage to introduce liquid from the exterior to act as a piston in the combustion chamber, an air chamber surrounding the combustion chamber, a valve controlled inlet passage from the air chamber to the combustion chamber whereby liquid driven from the combustion chamber opposed by the air in the air chamber, and a discharge from the air chamber.

8. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a multiplicity of combustion chambers with suitable igniters and means to form a succession of explosive charges, a power driven engine or motor to introduce charges into the combustion chain hers, a non-returnvalve controlled passage to introduce liquid from the exterior to act as a piston in each of the combustion chamhere, an air chamber surrounding the combustion chambers, a 'alve controlled pas sage connecting each of the combustion chambers with the air chamber whereby liquid driven from the combustion chambers is opposed by the air in the air chamber, and a discharge from the air chamber:

9. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a combustion chamber provided with an igniter and means to reg ulate the in and outflow of fluids, an air chamber surrounding the combustion chamber connected therewith by a passage, a second passage or passby between the air chamber and the combustion chamber, and a discharge from the air chamber.

10. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a combustion chamber provided with an i gniter and means to reguleie the in and outflow of fluids, airs/i1 chamber surroundingthe combustion chant ,ber connected therewith byavalve COD" trolled passage, :1 second valve controlled passage or passby between the air chan'iber and the combustion chamber, and a discharge from the air chamber.

11. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a multiplicity oiconibustion chambers provided with suitable igniting devices, means to form a succession of explosive charges, means to introduce charges into the combustion chambers, an air chamber surrounding the combustion chambers and connected to each of said chambers by valve controlled passages and a discharge from the air chamber.

12. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a combustion chamber provided With a vaporizer or gasifier of liquid fuel, means for introducing the fuel and a succession of volumes of air to form explosive charges in a combustion chaml'ier, an ignitcr, means to regulate and direct the in and outflow of fluids, an air chamber surrounding the combustion eha'n'iber and having an inlet passage thereto, and a discharge from the air chamber.

13. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a combustion chamber provided with a vaporizer or gasifier of liquid fuel, an engine for introducing the fuel and a succession of volumes of air to form explosive charges in the combustion chamher, an ignitcr, means to regulate and direct the in and outtlowof fluids connected there With by a passage, an air chamber surrounding the combustion chamber, and a discharge from the air chamber.

14. In, an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a combustion chamber provided with an igniter and means to form and introduce into the combustion chamber a succession of explosive charges, means to compress the charges prior to ignition, means to permit and direct the How of tiuids into and from the combustion chamber, an air chamber surrounding the combustion chamber and having an inlet passage thereto and a discharge from the air chamber.

15. In an app.i-at1is of the named type, the combination of a combustion chamber provided with an. igniter and means to form and introduce into the combustion chamber a succession. of explosive charges. m ans to permit and direct the flow of fiuids intoaud from the combustion chamber, an air Cl'illl'll her surrounding the combustion chamber connected therewith by a passage, a bypass or passage from the air chamber to the combustion chamber to elcct the con'ipression of the charge, and a discharge from the air chamber.

16. In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a combustion chamber provided with avaporizer or gasifier of liquid fuel, means for iii-trod av succession of volume... plosive in aeans to generate eiectii spar-her to ignite the charges, mean mit and direct the flou oi fluid from the eon'ibustion chamber, her surrounding the combustion and having an inlet passage 4 discharge fr the air 17. In apparatus of i, is the combination of a combusti 1 means for introducing :tuel t a. pump or the like to hitroduce a succession of volumes of air to form with the fue eitplosive charges in the con'ibustion clian'iioer, an igniter, means to permit and flow of iluids into and from the combos chamber, an air chamber sum-cunt the combustion chamber and lmvingan inlet passage thereto and a discharge from the air chamber.

13. in an apparatus of the named tj 'i the combination of a combustion chamber provided with an ignitcr and having wait" to permit and direct the inlmduction o e plosive charges, an engine or motor ti: the introduction of the-char and uectcd to the valves and spa l suitz-ih e mechanical devices to cheat 1hr priate motions in operative sequence, a to permitand direct the tiow of iiuii. and from the coini'aisrion chain an chamber surrounding: the comlmstiori chantber and having an inlet passage thereto, and a discharge mm the air chamber.

it). in an apparatus of: the n the comliiination oi a. combustionc means to permit and direct the fluids into and from the combustion her, a surrounding,- and inclosing .a forming; an air chamber having; an passage to the combui-ition chau'iber and discharge From the casing", means for 1 (lacing into the combustion chamber a sucocssion 0t explosive charges and ii them.

20. in an apparatus of the named the combination of a combustion cham moans to permit and direct the flow oi ii into and from'thc combustion cl" surrounding and inclosin casi an air chamber towing a valve 1; inlet passagc to the combustion and a discharge from t on iTiQmlF; for introducing: into the combustion hamber a succession of explosive charges and ignuing them.

21. in an ap iaratus of the named the ram'ibination oi a plura titn chambers provided igniters and means to reg .ie ti outflow oi fluids. an air chamber ing, the comliiustion chan'il'ie ll. Ii. b3

hers having inlet passages to the air. chamber, and a discharge from the air chamber.

22.111 an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a multiplicity of combustion chambers provided with automatic motor means to introduce a succession of 1 explosive charges and ignite them, devices to control the fioW of fluids into and from said chambers an air chamber surrounding the combustion chambers connected therewith by passages, and a discharge from the air chamber.

In an apparatus of the named type, the combination of a multiplicity of combastion chambers with automatic motor .means to introduce a succession of exploslve charges and ignite them, (lGYlCBS to control the flow of fluids into and from said chambers, an air chamber surrounding the combustion chambers connected therewith by valve controlled passages, and a dis charge from the air chamber.

2 In an apparatus of the named type the combination of amultiplicity of combustion chambers with igniters and means to control the inflow and outflow o'l' fluids,

l l l the cumliinatiin of a combu tion t..\\lill)(l', automatic means for introducing and ing therein a succession Oi explo charges, means [or pernutting and dim-i ing the flow of liquidi to and from tlucombustinu chamber, a tank or receptacle for liquid ex'peiled 'lnom the combusti n chamber. and means for automatically st pping and starting the apparatus by [incur ations in the level of the liquid in the reccptaclc.

27. The mmbination of a pump chamber, an ar'cun'iulator, a conduit for the reciprocation of liquid connecting the pump chainhcr with the accumulator, a discharge outlet and a liquid inlct,:1nd means for utilizing the pressure of the nccumuluti'ir for causing a return movement of liquid in the conduit and pump chamber.

28. The combination of a pump chamber, an accumulator, a conduit for the rcci 'irocatic-u of liquid connecting the pump chamher with the zmrnmulator, a liquid inlet and a discharge in the vicinity of the inlet, and means for utilizing the pre'sui'e ol the accumulator for causing a return movement of liquid in the conduit and pump chamber.

lVlLLl'Ahi H. SMYTH.

Witnesses A. B. BOWIZRS: J. H. Murine by iiuctuuii m bl thr-

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