US1076849A - Process of making gas. - Google Patents

Description

G.J.VVF1BER.

PROCESS Uf MAKING GAS.

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Patented. Oct. 28, 1913 3 SHEETS-SHEET lV i. J. WEBER.

PROCESS 0F MAKING GAS.

APPLICATION FILED Jmlo, 1908.

'Patenned uen. 28,1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

`G. J. WEBER.

I PROCESS OP MAKING GAS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 1o. 19911,

v Patented 001.2111913.

' 3 'SHEILTS-SHEET 3,

MNI/ENTOR.

W n@ m9/ pipes 18 and 19 arerpreferably embedded in the sheath 2lv to protect them from the heat .of the combustion chamber. rlhe ring 4 1'6 fis preferably of tapering form'with itsouter A.Wall having the same angle of inclination as vthe outer wall of the sheath 2l. Encircling the sheath; 21 and secured to the inner wall of the .casing 1 is a horizontal ring 22 havi ing an annular flange 23 which is secured to the casing 1. Projecting downwardly from lthe bottom of the ring 22 adjacent to its' 1n- I:ner edge are a plurality of vertical fingers i which are spaced at equal distances apart .around the ring. The ring is also provided with a plurality of vertical holes 25 dis- Aosed intermediate the fingers 24 and the -iiange 2 3 and which connect with an annular flue space 26 provided in the lowerA Aend Otan annular lining of fire clay'which rests .upon the ring 22 and is denoted by 27. 4

The casing 1 land tire cla lining 27 are 'i provided'with a plurality o stoke holes 28,4

l Athe outerends of which are normally dlosed byl suitable closures 29 pivoted to ring brackets 30 secured to the outer Wall of the' Casin 1. The Stoke holes 28 preferably Hare fglownwardly and laterally.

Through the casing 1 and lining 27 extends horizontally a safety outlet 31 normally closed at its outer end by a vertical,

annular flue space 26 at substantially diametrically opposite points. A conductor 38 has one end connected with the conductor i 37the other end being connected withA the carbu'reter 39 of a gas engine 40. A valve 41 is provided in the conductor 38. The two parallel arms of the conductor 37 extend respectively through two horizontal boilers- 42, and serve Ato heat the water which is held in said boilers. Each boiler 42 is provided on its upper side with a water inlet 43. To prevent the boiler filling with water,. each boiler is provided with a disdharge pipe 44 connected to-Jone side, some distance above the bottom of the boiler and below the top thereof. Each pipe 44 is downwardly turned at its outer end, which end proiects .into a. vessel 45 having an open upper ond to permit the water escapingwvhen the vessel is filled. The water in the vessel 45 submerges the outer Iend of the. pipe 44 and serves as a water seal to prevent steam escaping. Two conductors 46 are 'connected respectively at one set of ends with the uper sides of theboilers 42 to carry the steam ormed in the boilers to the conductor 8 with which' the other set of ends connect. Each conductor 46 is provided with a valve 47 for regulating the amount of steam admitted "to the conductor 8; i

A water conductor 48 havingA a valve 49 extends upwardly in the' pipe 7 and is provided at its upper end with horizontal dischargeA ortions 50 which extend in dia- -metrical y opposite directions through the pipe 7 and ring 16. The conductor 48 serves to convey water or steam slightlyabove the boiling point, into the combustion chamber for the purpose hereinafter described.

For the purpose of stirring the fuel so as to make it feed evenly and to make the fuel more porous, the followin described stirring mechanism is provi cd1-A stirring bar, preferably tubular so as to contain water, and denoted by 51 has a vertical portion the upper end of which is rotatively fitted in a vertical hole provided in ahori.

Zontal` spider 52 the arms of which are secured to ithe walls ofthe inlet The bar 51- is provided with a vertical cylindrical projection 53 which is rotatively mounted in a socket54 provided in the central partof the upper end of the cap 9. The bar 51 is provided above the stud -or projection 53 ywith a horizontal extension having at its outer end a downwardly extendingportion adapted to enter the fuel and stir it when the barl is turned in its bearings. To oscillate the bar 51 to and fro it has secured to it a bevel gear wheel 55 which meshes with a bevel gear wheel 56 secured at the inner end of a horizontal shaft 57 which extends through the casing l and lining 27 and is mounted in bearings 58 and 59 secured respectively to the outer side of the casing 1 and the inner vand under side of the head4. ltigidly secured to the shaft 57 outside the' casing 1 is a pulley wheel 60. Rotatively mounted on the'sbaft 57 at opposite sides'of laterally by any suitable belt shifting mechanisrn not shown, so that each belt ma alternately engage the center pulley whee and one ot the lateral pulley wheels, thereby effecting, in a well known manner, the `rotai tion of .the'shaft 57 in opposite directions, and through said .shaft and bevel wheels 55 and 56 elfecting oscillation of the stirring bar 51.' With some fuels it is not necessa to employ Water to cool the cap 9, in vwhic case, the 'pipes 14 may be dis ensed with. ln such case the belts need not e shifted as above described but ma main in the position slown. in Fi 1 Ain' which position the bar and shaft wil roh.

the pulley wheel 60 are pulley wheels 61 and l Two belts 63 and 64 which run in'opposite directions are adaptedto be shifted l be allowed to r'e-' continuously in one direction, the .bar 51M; 'lo

scribing circles aroundthe cap 9.A

fagieiy seems tous bar s1 bevute geur wheel 55 are two collars 65 between.

which is-located the end of a lever 66 which extends' through the vertical wall of the inlet 5 and is pivoted to a bracket 67 secured to the outer wallof said inlet. The

. lower end of a bar 68 is secured to the upper and with whichl said lever engages when4 forced to the position shown in dotted lines in-Fig. 1. When so' positioned the lever 66 will raise the bar 51 so that the gearf 55 will clear the gear 56, thereby causing a' stoppage ofrotary movementl of the bar-.51

and raising the bar 'partly from the fuel.

Van

In operating the apparatus above described water 1s placed in the basin 3 so as tc submerge the lower end of the casing 1. Ashes are placed within the' combustion chamber so as to fill the same to a'. plane through 'the conductor due to the action of fingers 24.

corresponding with the'lower ends of the The ashes are denoted in Fig, 2 by' 70; The fuel is then placed upon ther ashes and ignited in the usual manner, air

and steam being supplied to the pipe 7 8 by suction or by pressure through the instrumentality of an air pump,`not shown. The air and steam entering the combustion chamber through the inlet openings11 is ivena whirli movement by the curve win passes downwardly and outwar 'the fuel to and between the iin which the gaseous products o combustion the air and steam upon the Warning fuel, pass abru tly upwardly through the :openings or ho es 25 into the annular flue space 26, there dividing and passing there om by the two arms of the conductor' 37 into the conductor 38'by which the gas is carried to thepoint of use, as for ly through instance 'to thecarbireter ,39 of the gas enfine 40. When the :1s/produced has become of a suitable c `I r, the engine 40 may be 'employed' to quired ai f combustio Ci'ihainber'.' l hatportion of the fuel, 'denti/iii; i

ara

candescen't, 'and yas it descends is gradually :converted/"into gaseousv products which ss through the'ngcrs 24 and-to asheswliich are/.deposited upon the bed of ashes 70.

lFre/mtime to time ashes. are withdrawn tremiti basin 3 ,under the casing 1, care deposited intothe lcombustion chamber through the feed" inlet 5. This unignited fuel denoted luy-72 falls ugo!! the top of the l capi? and diverges there om downwardly. The cap 9, being of greater diameter-than 10, an f ers 24, afterY eil' t' the Y suction rey d 'b vfi7-1y ndlying between thev ashes Ztl/eind the openings 11 becomes in the pipe 7 a central space is afforded. which permits the free ingress of the air and steam. The air and steam is introduced into the fuel intermediate the incandescent and unignited fuel and passes downwardly and outwardly throu h `the incandescent fuel 7l p in the form su stantially of an annular flaring sheet. The greatest heat is produced a short distance from the place of entrance' of the air and steam into the fuel, and as a' result the clinker produced by combustion and denoted by 73 is forme around the central tubular core, as shown in F ig. 2.-

A In mostgas producers the clinker forms on the Walls of the producer` and is with ditiiculty dislodged therefrom. With the use of my invent-ion, the clinker forms centrally in the fuel just below the green or unignited fuel and in the form of a ring.I If undisturbed this ring like clinker would seriously interfere with the production of gas of even composition by impeding the entrance of the required amount of steam and air into the combustion chamber. B reason of the location of .the,clinker as fbrmed directly vbeneath the unignited fuel pieces of such fuel become embedded in the soft clinker and afterward-are burned out, thusmakving the clinker a porous body'through which fthe steam and air can pass. When .the

clinker ringbecomes of suiicient size to merit attention, water'is admitted to the combustion chamber by roperly manipulating the valve 49 in t e pipe 48. `The water is discharged from the .branches 50 of the pipe 48 against the inner wall of the annular clinker 73 which is in ahighly heated condition. The effect of contact of Water upon the highly heated clinker ring is to disintegrate it and to'cau's it to break into small pieces which separately work downwardly through the incandescent. fuel 71 and enter therashes 70, as shown in Fig. 2. The water employed to disintegrate the clinker absorbs heat from the jchnker by reason of itslimpingin against the inner wall of the clinker an does not, for this reason, have. the effect of lowering the'temperature the incandescent'fuel 71, such as would. be the case if the'water were discharged directly into the ignited fuel instead of against the vinner wall of the clinker. .lh ,water thus' admitted,.after disintegratmg the clinker 73, passes therethrough and vinto the incandescentuel 71. At the time iitr'lreaches the incandescent'fuel it has be- Y Acome superheated by the heat absorbed from .the clinker and is therefore speedilyA de? .comp'osed by-the incandescent fuel 71 to form carbon monosid and hydrogen. which are both valuable constituents of thel gas that is being made:

From the above it will be noted that the 'water admittedinto.. lthe fuel *bodyv below the air' and steamjnlet/s '11 'and within the les space encircled by the annular sheet formed by the air and steam and gaseous'products iwithin the incandescent vfuel 71 performs :,two functions, namely, that'of disintegrating theclinker, andof providing gas constituents.

" By reason of the introduction ofthe air and steam into the fuel body intermediate the incandescent and unignited portions thereof, and passing the air and steam down-1 wardly through the incandescent fuel, an

' annular clinkcr is formed which has embed- Iii ded in it some of the lunburned fuel, which afterward burning out produces a porous clinker through which the air and steam 'can pass to enter the incandescent fuel. As

above described this annular clinker can be readily-broken 'up by the action of water directed against its inner surface, thereby supplying' superheated steam to the incandescent fuel without materially lowering the temperature of such fuel.

. By reason of the' introduction of air and steam intermediate the incandescent and unignited `fuel and passing the air and steam downwardly through the incandescent fuel,

the volatile substances and tarry constituentsof the unburned fuel are carried downwardly with the air and steam and are disassociated by the intense heat of the incandescent fuel t form fixed gases such as -carbon monoxid and hydrogen. The cari bonic acid gas produced by initial combustion is also carried downwardly and is decomposed bythe incandescent -fuel to' form carbon monoxid.

VBy reason of the air vand'steam being lintroduced cent-rally into the fuel intermediate the' incandescent and unignited fuel and then passed downwardly and outwardly in the form of a flaring sheet of annular 'sli'apef the air and ysteam is supplied to the fuel in a manner adapted-to produce the The result of thus diffusing the air and steam Y air and steam.

supplied tothe yfu'el is to cause the production of a gas'of exceedingly uniform composition-and Wholly'free from tar.

By imparting a whirling movement to the air and steam as it enters the fuel body, the formation of fines or pipes is to a'great extent avoided, and the fuel. is, therefore, more evenly subjected to the action of the steam and air than would be the case were this whirling* ovemcnt not given to the By passing the gaseous products abruptly upwardly after they have passed from thev incandescent fuel', light v ashesand impalpable pow-dersare mechanically separated and dropped from the gaseous products and are deposited upon `the bed of ashes 70. To retain, a homogeneous fuel bed and to cause the even feeding of the unignitedl `fi1el, the lever 66 is swung to the position shown in solid lines in Fig. 1. In this positidn'it will effect an oscillation of the stirring bar 51 in the manner already described. i

The central tubular core, comprising the pipe 7, ring 16, sheath 21andbase 20, is preferably of flaring or conical shape so that the incandescent fuel body is given a flaring form corresponding to a certain extent `.with the shape of the sheet of air and steam and gaseous product-s passing through the incandescent fuel to the fingers 24. The incandescent fuel by reason of this shape is thinner in crosssecton near its bottom poi-tion than at its upper portion and is thus dis posed in position to have all portions evenly acted upon by the air and steam.

By first opening the valve 49-and then -closing it, the pipe 48 may be filled with water which the heat of the tubular core will `cause to be generated into steam which .will be unconined and will, therefore, pass into the combustion. chamber at a comparatively low temperature, slightly above that of boiling water. Or the Valve 49 may be left open long enough to permitA water to pass from the pipe 48 into the combustion chamber. The operation of the valve 49 should correspond with the amount of fuel consumed and also with the character of thel fuel employed.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:'-

1. The process consistingin providing a body of fuel comprising incandescent fuel and unignited fuel resting thereupon, and introducing airinto the fuel body intermediate the ignited and 'unignitcd portions', the air at the' time of its admission into the fuel having imparted to it a whirling movc- 1nent," th e air and resultant gaseous products being then passed downwardly and outwardly through thejncandescent fuel in subslanially the form of Aan annular flaring s ee. l

2. The process consisting in providing a body of fuel comprising incandescent fuel and unignitcd fuel resting thereupon, and introducing mixed air und steam into the fuel body il'ite'rmediate the ignited and unignitcd portions, the mixed air and Steam ut the time'of admission to the fuel having imparted to il a whirling movement, the mixed being then'pusscd downwardly'- und outwa-rdly through the incandescent fuel 'in substantially the form of an annular flarin'!l 'sheet'. Y ""i' steam and air and resultant gaseous products normale 3. @he process consisting in introducing air into a body of incandescentfuel and then passing the air outwardly in substantially an annular sheet, and subjecting the inner 'portion of the. annular sheet to the action of water, which is thereby converted into steam which with the gaseous products is passed through the incandescent fuel. A

4. The process consisting in introducing air into a body 'of fuel intermediate incandescent and unignited portions thereof, then passing the air and resultant gaseous products downwardly through the incandescent fuel in substantially the form of an annular sheet,- and subjecting the inner portion of the annular sheet to the action of water, which is thereby converted into steam which' with the gaseous products-is passed through the incandescent fuel.

5. The process consisting-in introducing air into a body of fuel intermediate incandescent and unignited AAportions thereof, the air at the time of its admission having a whirling. movement imparted to it, then Passing the air downwardly and outwardly 1n the form of a flaring annular sheet through the incandescent fuel, and introduc ing intothe fuel below the point of introduction of the air and within said annular sheet water, which is thereby converted intoI steam which with the gaseous products is passed through the incandescent fuel.

6. The process consistingin introducing mixed air and steam into a body of fuel intermediate incandescent and unignited .portions thereof, the air and steam being provided with a whirling movement at the time of its admission, then passing the mixed air and steam and the resultant gaseous products downwardly and outwardly' through the incandescent fuel in substantially the form of a flaring annular sheet, and introducing water into the fuel at a point below the point of introduction of the air and steam and within the space encircled by said annular sheet, then/atei' being converted into steam Whichwith the gaseous products is passed through the incandescent fuel 7. The process consisting in introducing. mixed air and steam into a body of fuel in termediate incandescent and unignited pon tions thereof, then passing the mixed air and steam and the resultant gaseous products downwardly through the incandescent fuel in substantially the form of an annular sheet, and introducing;- water into the fuel below the point of admissionof the air and steam and'witbin the space encircled by said sheet, the Water being converted into steam which with the gaseous products is passed through the'incandescent fuel.

8; The process consisting in introducing mixed air and steam into a body of fuel intermediate incandescent and unignited portions thereof, then passing the mixed air and steam and the resultant aseous products downwardly through the incandescent fuel in substantially thev form of an .annular sheet, and intermittently introducing Water into'the fuel at a Point belen7 the point of admission of the airand steam and Within the space encircled by said sheet, the Water being converted into steam which with the gaseous products is passed through the incandescent fuel.

9. The processv consisting in providing a body of fuel comprising incandescent tuel and unignited uegl resting thereupon, and introducin air into the fuel body intermediate o the ignited and the unignited portions, the air and resultant gaseous products being then passed downwardly and outwardly. through the incandescent vfuel in substantially the form of an annular daring sheet. y

In testimony whereof I have signed .my name to this specification in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

GEORGE J. WEBER. Witnesses E. B. House, d. C. lawns.

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