US1076733A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

E. ANDERSON.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Patented Oct. 28, 1913.

. A 1 5 1 v I 1 "M l [1 1 N 4 INVENTUR n BY ATTORNEY E. ANDERSON.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED T313123, 1912.

Patented 0011.28, 1913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ATTORNEY lid EMIL ANDERSON, OF NEW, YORK, N. COMPANY, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW

Y., .ASSIGNOR TO THE UNIVERSAL TURBINE JEESEY, A CORPDRATION OF NEW JERSEY.

TURBINE.

' Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filedFebruary 23, 1912. Serial No. 679,409.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Ema ANnnRsoN, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbine-Engines, of which the following is a specification, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

My invention relates to improvements in turbine engines. Its object is to provide a turbine of simple construction which shall have high efficiencies at different speeds.

Among other features of the present in vention, T have provided a turbine which is self regulating and which is designed to be actuated by more than one kind of fluid. under pressure. I

To these ends I have invented a turbine of the construction and arranement of parts shown in the accompanying drawings which I will describe in the following specification and the novel features of which I will set forth in appended claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure l is a sectional end elevation of a fluid pressure turbine which embodies my invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional side elevation of a portion of the same device. Fig. 3 is a side'el-evation of the turbine. which is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and shows its governing mechanism more in detail.

Like characters of reference denote like parts in all of the figuresof the drawings.

10 designates a stationary casing which forms a substantially annular chamber and one or more exhaust passages 11. The rotor of the turbine rotates within this chamber.

.An inlet nozzle 12 for the introduction of motive flu-id under pressure,

is shown passing through the wall of the casing at an angle to the tangent to the rotor at that point. 13 is a valve which controls the pets sage of the fluid through this nozzle. Another nozzle 14 is also shown directly back of nozzle 12 at a smaller angle to the aforesaid tangent. Between the inlet nozzles 12 and 1t and the exhaust passage 11, the outer wall of the rotor chamber extends outward somewhat as shown at 15 and to that extent departs from a cylindrical form. This provides space for expansion of the motive fluid or fluids, to a certain extent. Another pair of inlet nozzles and another exhaust passage their slower rate are shown at points diametrically opposite those designated by reference numerals, and it is to be understood that one, two or more sets of inlet and exhaust passages may be provided, and that if desired one or more inlet nozzles inclined in a direction relative to the rotor, opposite to that of the nozzle shown may be provided if desired, for the purpose of reversing the direction of rotation of the rotor, which direction is indicated by an arrow above the casing in Fig. 1.

From Fig. 2 it may be seenthat the casing 10 supports the rotor shaft 16 and a plate 17 which closes the rotor chamber. The inner surface of the annular rotor chamber is formed by a member 20 which is so supported that it may be given a ham ited amount of rotary movement for purposes of re ulation. This member is constructed wi i a recess 21 which forms an expansion chamber. A series of deflecting vanes 22 project into the recess 21 from the periphery of the member 20, by which the motive fluid, or fluids, are deflected into the path of a series of guiding vanes 24. The latter guide the fluid back into the annular passage in which the rotor moves, from which it is discharged through the exhaust passage 11..

The rotor comprisesa disk 30 having a hub 31 keyed to the shaft 16, and an annular web or flange 32 provided with outwardly converging apertures 33. A plurality of annular, divergently corrugated sheet metal disks 34, 35, 36 :are afiixed at their inner peripheries to the flange 32. These corrugated disks are separated a slight distance apart and the spaces between them are in communication with the nozzles l2, l4 and the apertures 33. The inner edges of the divergent corrugations are rounded, as shown in Fig. 1, to form with the outer extremities of the apertures 33, a restricted connection free from abrupt angles. The corrugated rin s or annular disks form impulse surfaces or the motive fluid which is supplied through the nozzles 12 and 14. The potential energy of the motive fluids is changed into kinetic energy as they enter the spaces between the rotor disks. But as they pass through these annular spncps some of their velocity is lost and on account of of motion they require more space. This is provided by the space at 15 and b the recess 21 so as to avoid back pressure. he relative positions of the noz- Patented Oct. 28, 1913.

zles and expansion recess is preferably auto-. matically controlled by a governor. The usual operation is obtained by the introduction of steam through the nozzle 12 and a heavier fluid such as water through nozzle 14. When water or steam is introduced through nozzle 14, it, adds to the weight of the motive fluid and also keeps it from turning back through the; annular channels between the disks.

The governing mechanism may conveniently be constructed as follows: The shaft 16 is provided with a worm 40, which meshes with a worm wheel 41 ona shaft 42, said shaft beingjournaled in bearings 43, 44 mounted on the plate 17. A collar 46 is rotatable with the worm 41 and shaft 42 and is provided with two oppositely disposed sets of ears 47, 48 in which bell crank levers 50 and 51 are fulcrumed. A spring 52 connects the vertical arms of the bell cranks 50 and 51 and prevents too reat a separation of said armsunder centri ugal action, said arms being each provided with a ball 54 at its upper end. The horizontal arms 56, 57 of the bell cranks 50, 51 engage a grooved collar 58 at the lower end of a sleeve 60, said sleeve being slidable on the shaft 42. When the balls 54 fly outward under the action of centrifugal force, the horizontal arms 56, 57 are tilted and their inner ends raised, thereby raising the sleeve 60. I

The horizontal arm of a bell crank 64 on a shaft 65 engages a grooved collar 62 on the u per end of the sleeve 60.. The shaft 65 1s journaled in an-arm or bracket 66 mounted on the plate 17, and is provided with a gear 67 fast thereon. The gear 67 meshes with a sector shaped rack 68 on the member 20. By the construction above set forth it will be noted that when the balls 54 fly apart or approach each other, in ac-' cordance with the speed of the turbine, the rack 68 and member 20 will be moved to vary the osition of the recess 21 with relation, to tfle nozzles 12 and 14. The vertical arm 69 of the bell crank 64 is pivotally connected to one end of each of two rods 70, 71, the other ends of which are pivotally connected to arms 72, 73 respectively, of the valves 13, 13*. By this construction the admission of the motive fluid through the valves 13, 13* is varied according to the speed of the turbine. Thus when the engine attains a greater speed than desired, the member 20 will be rotated slightly to bring the recess 21 and the deflecting and guiding blades or vanes 22 and 24 therein, nearer to the nozzles 12 and 14. At the same time the valves 13 and 13 will be artially closed. This will tend to decrease the speed of the turbine without impairing its e l ciency.

What 1 claim is:

1. A turbine comprising a rotary member having impulse surfaces, means for admitother fluid heavier than fluid between said 1 blades,

ting a motive fluid under pressure between said surfaces, a member provided with an expansion chamber adapted to communicate with the spaces between said surfaces, and means for varying the position of said expansien chamber Withrelation to the fluid admission.

2. A turblne comprising a series of corrugated blades, means for supplying a motive blades in a. generally tangential direction, and an exhaust passage communicating with the spaces between said blades, said exhaust passage being enlarged to provide an expansion space for the motive fluid.

3. A turbine comprising a series of corrugated blades having spaces therebetween for the reception of a motive fluid under pressure, an annular member provided with apertures communicating with. the spaces between said blades, the inner edges of said corrugated blades being curved to meet the outlet ends of said apertures, and means having an expansion recess communicating.

with said apertures.

4. A turbine comprising a series of rotary disks having impulse surfaces, means for supplying a motive fluid under pressure between said surfaces, an annular ringhaving a series of apertures communicating with the spaces between said impulse surfaces, and an adjustable member provided with a recess communicating ertures said recess being divided by a series of guiding and deflecting vanes arranged to return motive fluid from said recess to the spaces between said disks.

5. A turbine comprising a series of rotary disks having impulse surfaces, means for admitting a motive fluid under pressure between said surfaces, a-member rovided with an expansion chamber adapte to communicate with the spaces between said surfaces, means for varying the position of said expansion chamber with relation to the fluid admission.

6. A turbine com rising a series of rotary disks having impu se surfaces, means for admitting a motive fluid under pressure betweensaid surfaces, a member rovided with an expansion chamber adapte to communicate with the spaces between said surfaces, means controlled by the speed of the turbine for varying the position of said expansion chamber with relation to the fluid admission.

7. A turbine comprising a rotary series of corrugated blades, means for admitting a motive fluid under pressure between said .a member forming an expansion chamber communicating with the spaces between the blades and arranged to be moved with respect to the admission of the motive fluid, and means for simultaneously adjustthe position of said expansion chamber with said apinmate member and controlling the admission of the motive fluid between the blades.

8. A turbine comprising a rotary series'of corrugated blades, means for admitting a motive fluid under pressure .between said blades, a member forming an expansion chamber communicating with the spaces between the blades and arranged to be moved with respect to the admission of the motive fluid, and means controlled by the speed of the turbine for varying the position of the expansion chamber member and for controlling the admission of the motive fluid between the blades. 7

,9, A turbine comprising a series of rotamembers having impulse surfaces, a plumv ity of nozzles for admitting a motive fluid underpressure between said surfaces, a mem ber arranged for limited rotary movement provided with a plurality of expansion chambers in cooperative relation with said nozzles and communicating with the spaces between said surfaces, and means for rotating said member to adjust said expansion chambers.

10. A turbine comprisin a plurality of rotary parallel corru ated disks, means for admitting an eapansi 1e motive fluid under pressure I between said disks at one of the peripheries thereof, means for admitting a iquid under pressure between the disks at the same periphery thereof, 'a member 0pposite the other periphery of the disks provided with an expansioncba-mber adapted to communicate with the spaces between the dislzs and to guide the fluid which enters it back to the s aces between the disks.

11. it turbine comprising a series 0t rotary members having impulse surfaces, means tor admitting a motive fluid under pressure between said surfaces, means for admitting a liquid under pressure between said suriaces behind the motive fluid; a member provided with an expansion chamber adapted to communicate with the spaces between said surfaces; said member being arranged to back between the lmpulse surfaces, and means for varying the position of said expansion chamber with relation to the fluid and liquid admission.

EMIL ANDERSQN.

Witnesses l8. Graves, G. Q'mianri guide the motive fluid

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