US10717261B2 - Selectively activated frangible bonding system - Google Patents
Selectively activated frangible bonding system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US10717261B2 US10717261B2 US15/788,506 US201715788506A US10717261B2 US 10717261 B2 US10717261 B2 US 10717261B2 US 201715788506 A US201715788506 A US 201715788506A US 10717261 B2 US10717261 B2 US 10717261B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- frangible
- specific
- energy
- bonding material
- adhesive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active, expires
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 77
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 26
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010504 bond cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 particulates Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
- B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
- B29C65/485—Multi-component adhesives, i.e. chemically curing as a result of the mixing of said multi-components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4855—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by their physical properties, e.g. being electrically-conductive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4865—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4865—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives
- B29C65/487—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives characterised by their shape, e.g. being fibres or being spherical
- B29C65/488—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives characterised by their shape, e.g. being fibres or being spherical being longitudinal, e.g. fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/76—Making non-permanent or releasable joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
- B29C66/543—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining more than two hollow-preforms to form said hollow articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
- B29C66/545—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles one hollow-preform being placed inside the other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/0008—Electrical discharge treatment, e.g. corona, plasma treatment; wave energy or particle radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B43/00—Operations specially adapted for layered products and not otherwise provided for, e.g. repairing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B43/006—Delaminating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
- B64C11/16—Blades
- B64C11/20—Constructional features
- B64C11/205—Constructional features for protecting blades, e.g. coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
- B64D15/12—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by electric heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
- B64F5/40—Maintaining or repairing aircraft
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J163/00—Adhesives based on epoxy resins; Adhesives based on derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/16—Fillers
- B29K2105/165—Hollow fillers, e.g. microballoons or expanded particles
- B29K2105/167—Nanotubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
- B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
- B32B2310/08—Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation
- B32B2310/0806—Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B32B2310/0862—Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using microwave
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/18—Aircraft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
- B64C27/32—Rotors
- B64C27/46—Blades
- B64C27/473—Constructional features
- B64C2027/4733—Rotor blades substantially made from particular materials
- B64C2027/4736—Rotor blades substantially made from particular materials from composite materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
- B64C27/32—Rotors
- B64C27/46—Blades
- B64C27/473—Constructional features
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D45/00—Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
- B64D2045/009—Fire detection or protection; Erosion protection, e.g. from airborne particles
Definitions
- This invention is generally in the field of bonding materials such as adhesives, adhesive primers and/or composite material matrices, more particularly bonding materials that may be used in aircraft structure components, and relates specifically to selectively activated frangible bonding systems, such as selectively activated frangible adhesive, adhesive primer and/or composite material matrix systems and methods for degrading bondlines in such components for ease of disassembly of the components for repair and overhaul.
- bonding materials such as adhesives, adhesive primers and/or composite material matrices, more particularly bonding materials that may be used in aircraft structure components, and relates specifically to selectively activated frangible bonding systems, such as selectively activated frangible adhesive, adhesive primer and/or composite material matrix systems and methods for degrading bondlines in such components for ease of disassembly of the components for repair and overhaul.
- An adhesive layer is often required and desired to attach or bond two or more structures together in order to form an assembly that performs a function.
- a rotor blade of a rotorcraft is manufactured through several different adhesive bonding operations of many individual components to form a final blade assembly that will help give the aircraft lift while maintaining its structural integrity throughout all flight conditions and environments. Since the individual components of an assembly are shaped differently, made of different materials, and/or are affected differently by the various operational conditions, they wear and degrade at different rates.
- a layer of primer, or the like may be applied to the underlying structure and/or the overlaying structure may be applied to help ensure adhesion.
- composite materials which comprise at least one structural material and a matrix material, are used extensively in modern aircraft.
- Aircraft are often required to fly in extreme environments such as sandy desert, rain or thunderstorms, around saltwater and/or in combat zones.
- exposure to the elements can cause significant damage to rotor blade components over time, which often leads to repairs or replacement.
- Common damage that results in subcomponent removal of rotor blades includes erosion to the leading edge metal abrasion strip, ice protection failures to the heater blanket disposed beneath the metallic abrasion strip, impact damage to the upper and lower skins that cover the afterbody surfaces of the blade, and the like.
- Such methods have been characterized as “messy,” requiring specified tooling and support equipment, unsafe, risky in terms of both operator safety and/or potentially incurred damage to the component or assembly. Further, such removal of damaged rotor blade components may be limited to facilities with certain resources and infrastructure. With these existing methods of rotor blade component disassembly there is often unintentional damage incurred to the remaining structure of the blade. This may lead to increased cost for rework, and in many cases, scrapping of the component(s). As a typical, specific example, it is almost impossible to remove a good metallic abrasion strip without damaging it in order to replace a failed heater blanket that is disposed beneath the abrasion strip, at least in a reasonable amount of time. Conversely, in the case of an eroded abrasion strip, the removal process typically damages the underlying heater blanket, which may be functional and not in need of replacement.
- a specific example of removal of a failed heater blanket or eroded metal abrasion strip, using heat gun, wedges, hammers, chisels, and the like, includes an operator using the heat gun to soften the underlying bondline in order to slip in wedges under the edges of the metallic substrate all the way around the abrasion strip. Then, a large hammer or mallet is used to apply force to the wedges in order to locally dis-bond the abrasion strip. Pliers or mandrels may also be used to help peel back the metal of the abrasion strip, such as in long narrow bands (i.e. in can key strip opening fashion). Once the abrasion strip is removed, the thin heater blanket layer is chiseled away.
- the part, or overall blade structure can be permanently damaged if left in the dry ice bath too long.
- the cooling of the metal causes thermal contraction/expansion such that the part (metal adhesion strip) moves relative to the underlying blade structure.
- the idea is to create a clean disbond with this process, without damaging any components. When a clean disbond is not accomplished, sometimes hammers and wedges are used at the part edges. There is still considerable room for error in this process and it may not save any time or cost over other methods, such as use of a heat gun, as described above, use of an electrical current to degrade the bond, or the like.
- the present invention provides an intentionally activated frangible bonding system that comprises a frangible adhesive, adhesive primer, composite material matrix, or the like having a polydispersion of at least one additive spread throughout the frangible bonding material.
- the additive is intended to degrade a bond provided by the frangible bonding material upon application of a specific energy to the frangible bonding material.
- the intentionally activated frangible bonding system also includes an energy emitter configured to selectively direct the specific energy toward a structure or assembly comprising components bonded by the frangible bonding material to degrade the frangible bonding material bonding the components.
- a method for selective disassembly of bonded structures or assemblies in accordance with the present invention may include bonding together components of a structure or assembly intended to be disassembled at a later time using a frangible bonding material, directing a specific energy toward the structure or assembly comprising the components bonded using the frangible bonding material to degrade the frangible bonding material bonding the components, and separating the components, disassembling the structures or assemblies.
- the frangible bonding material may include a polydispersion of at least one additive spread throughout a bonding material, to provide the frangible bonding material.
- an aircraft component structure may include a first aircraft component, a second aircraft component and a frangible adhesive bonding the first component to the second component.
- the frangible adhesive may comprise a polydispersion of at least one additive, spread throughout the adhesive. This additive may degrade a bond provided by the frangible adhesive bonding the first component to the second component, upon application of a specific energy to the frangible adhesive.
- the additives may employ carbon nanotubes, a dipole agent that reacts in a predetermined manner under a specific electromagnetic energy, or the like.
- a specific dipole agent employed as a frangible bonding material additive may react to degrade the bonding material's bond under a specific microwave energy.
- the specific energy may be a specific electromagnetic energy, such as the aforementioned specific microwave energy or it may be a different type of energy such as ultrasound, or the like.
- the energy emitter may be shaped to conform to a shape of a specific structure, assembly or component thereof that is to be disassembled, so as to direct the specific energy toward one or more specific bondlines for specific components in the structure or assembly.
- the energy emitter may be configured to be spaced apart from the specific structure, assembly or component thereof.
- the energy emitter may be additionally, or alternatively, configured to direct the specific energy a predetermined distance into the specific structure, assembly or component thereof to one or more specific bondlines for the specific components in the structure or assembly.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic exploded illustration of a proprotor blade showing commonly removed and replaced components exploded-out from the main spar of the proprotor blade as an environment in which embodiments of the present systems and methods may be used;
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of a cross section of a proprotor blade, or the like, with ultrasound or directed energy being applied in accordance with embodiments of the present systems and methods for selectively activated frangible bonding system;
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of polymer bonding material cross-linking and directed energy degradation of the polymer bonding material, in accordance with embodiments of the present systems and method;
- FIGS. 4 a and 4 b are a diagrammatic illustration of directed energy bondline degradation in accordance with embodiments of the present systems and methods.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an implementation of directed energy bondline degradation for disassembly of bonded structures and assemblies, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present systems and methods.
- the present selectively activated frangible bonding systems and methods relate generally to bonding materials, more particularly adhesives, adhesive primers and/or composite material matrices, such as may be used in aircraft structure components.
- bonding or “bond” such as used in the terms “bonding material,” “bonding systems,” or likewise, is intended to encompass not only adhesives, but also adhesive primers, composite material matrices, and the like, which may be comprised of thermoset and/or thermoplastic polymers, or the like, such as may be used in aircraft and similar industries for bonding components and/or as composite material matrices.
- the present systems and methods relate specifically to selectively activated frangible bonding systems and methods for degrading bondlines in such components for ease of disassembly of the components for repair and overhaul.
- the present systems and methods for designed bondline degradation for disassembly of bonded structures and assemblies are particularly useful with respect to aircraft structures, more particularly repair of aircraft structures.
- the methods of disassembly of bonded aircraft components used today can be unsafe, labor-intensive, costly, messy and damaging to the underlying or adjacent structures.
- an intentionally activated frangible bonding system comprises a frangible adhesive, frangible adhesive primer, frangible composite material matrix, or the like having a polydispersion of at least one additive spread throughout.
- polydispersion refers to a generally homogeneous, yet nonuniform distribution of the additive throughout the bonding material.
- the additive degrades a bond provided by the frangible bonding material, upon application of a specific energy to the frangible bonding material.
- An energy emitter, or the like is configured to selectively direct the specific energy toward a structure or assembly comprising components bonded by the frangible bonding material to degrade the frangible bonding material bonding the components, for disassembly.
- a designed degradation layer may improve upon existing, typical methods of removal of bonded aircraft components from one another, as well as preserve surrounding details or features that have historically become collateral in the removal process.
- Such systems and methods improve maintenance costs, supply disruptions, cycle time, and the economics of component replacement.
- the present selectively activated frangible bonding systems and methods facilitate intentional bondline degradation for disassembly of rotor blade components and involves an energy source that causes a predictable, desired reaction within the component or assembly.
- Embodiments of the present systems and methods may employ ultrasonic scission of a targeted polymeric material within the component or assembly. Ultrasound frequencies can be varied and applied to a target and degrade specific polymeric chains within the selected bondline to achieve a breakdown at the molecular level, in accordance with embodiments of the present systems and methods.
- Embodiments of the present systems and methods may alternatively or additionally use an energetic source that causes elevated levels of degradation within a targeted layer, such as a microwave source heating a designed layer filled with dipole additives (i.e. an additive having a concentration of positive electric charge separated from a concentration of negative charge, such as on the molecular or nanometer scale).
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic exploded illustration of a rotor blade, particularly proprotor blade 100 , showing commonly removed and replaced components exploded-out from main spar 102 and afterbody 104 of proprotor blade 100 , as an environment in which embodiments of the present systems and methods may be used.
- underlying rotor spar 102 is shown, to which wherein rotor afterbody 104 may be affixed, adhered or otherwise secured.
- Spar 102 may be a more-or-less solid structural member of rotor 100
- afterbody 104 may be a composite, honeycombed or similar structure defining a trailing portion and edge of rotor 100 .
- Sheath or ice prevention or removal heating blanket 106 may be adhered to a leading surface of main spar 102 , and in turn abrasion strip 108 (which may be metal, such as titanium or nickel) is adhered to and over sheath or heating blanket 106 .
- abrasion strip 108 which may be metal, such as titanium or nickel
- Upper and lower skins 110 and 112 are adhered to and generally cover afterbody 104 and the trailing portion of spar 102 not covered by abrasion strip 108 .
- Embodiments of the present systems and methods may provide an aircraft component structure comprising a first aircraft component, a second aircraft component and a frangible adhesive bonding the first component to the second component.
- the frangible adhesive incorporates a polydispersion of at least one additive spread throughout the adhesive.
- additives may take the form of particulates, catalysts, or the like, wherein the additive degrades a bond bonding the first component to the second component upon application of a specific energy to the frangible adhesive in accordance with embodiments of the present systems and methods.
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of a cross-section of a leading edge portion a proprotor blade, such as proprotor blade 100 of FIG. 1 , or the like, with ultrasound or directed energy 202 being applied in accordance with embodiments of the present systems and methods for bondline degradation to facilitate disassembly of bonded structures and assemblies.
- spar 102 is shown with sheath or heater blanket 106 adhered thereto by adhesive layer 204 .
- abrasion strip 108 is shown as adhered to sheath or heating blanket 106 by adhesive layer 206 .
- the adhesive making up adhesive layers 204 and 206 may be a liquid adhesive, such a multi-part epoxy, film adhesive, or the like.
- These adhesive layers may be activated in a prescribed manner to provide bonding, such as mixing of epoxy parts or application of an energy such as heat. Further, a layer of primer, or the like, may be applied to the underlying structure and/or the overlaying structure may be applied to help ensure adhesion.
- the adhesive material that makes up bondline layer 204 or 206 between two components 102 and 106 or 106 and 108 , respectively, and/or a primer applied to each of the interfacing surfaces of these components to facilitate bonding of the adhesive to each component includes a polydispersion of additives spread throughout the material.
- These designed/tailored additives act passively within structure 100 except when a specific directed energy 202 , or other interrogation source besides temperature or mechanical force, is applied, such that elevated levels of degradation are achieved within that layer.
- directed energy 202 such as the aforementioned and below-discussed ultrasound or electromagnetic energy (e.g. microwaves, etc.) may be produced and/or directed toward structures to be disbonded by emitter 208 .
- the specific energy is preferably of a power, frequency, amplitude, deflection, etc. appropriate to the mass (of the bonding material) to be excited.
- Emitter 208 may be spaced apart or in close, proximal or direct contact with structure components.
- the additive facilitates bondline failure/fracture once designed energy 202 is applied. Once the bondline has been sufficiently degraded, further fracture within the bondline may be accomplished with relative ease, such that damaged or non-compliant structure(s) ( 106 and/or 108 ) can be removed.
- embodiments of the present selectively activated frangible bonding system may make use of an energy emitter ( 208 ) of some type or nature.
- This energy emitter selectively directs specific energy 202 , which causes the frangible adhesive's bond to degrade, toward a structure or assembly made up of components bonded by the frangible adhesive to degrade the frangible adhesive bonding the components for separation of the components from one another, such as for disassembly of the structure or assembly. That is, a user may use the energy emitter to direct the specific energy toward, but through, a surface of the structure or assembly to reach an underlying adhesive layer bonding components of the structure.
- the energy interacts with the additive spread throughout the frangible adhesive, causing the adhesive, or at least the adhesive's bond to degrade. This “disbonds” the components allowing them to mechanically separate, or to be more easily mechanically separated from one another, for disassembly.
- the energy emitter may, in various embodiments, be shaped to conform to a shape of a specific structure, assembly or component thereof, and thereby to direct the specific energy toward one or more specific adhesive bondlines for specific components in the structure or assembly.
- the energy emitter may be configured, such as through control of a power, frequency, amplitude, deflection, or the like of the emitted specific energy, to direct the emitted specific energy a predetermined distance into the structure, assembly or component thereof, so as to reach one or more target bondlines of specific components of the structure or assembly that are to be disbonded.
- the energy emitter may be configured to be spaced apart from the specific structure or assembly, such as a specific or specified distance, such that the emitted energy penetrates a predetermined distance into the specific structure, assembly or component thereof to one or more specific bondlines for specific components of the structure or assembly to be separated.
- the energy emitter may be configured to be spaced apart from the specific structure or assembly, such as a specific or specified distance, such that the emitted energy penetrates a predetermined distance into the specific structure, assembly or component thereof to one or more specific bondlines for specific components of the structure or assembly to be separated.
- energy 202 emitted by emitter 208 may only reach to adhesive layer 206 , so as to disbond abrasion strip 108 from heater blanket/sheath 106 , without affecting adhesive layer 204 or the bond between heater blanket/sheath 106 and spar 102 provided by adhesive layer 204 , allowing heater blanket/sheath 106 to remain bonded to spar 102 , while allowing abrasion strip 108 to be removed from proprotor blade 100 , without damaging heater blanket/sheath 106 .
- the energy emitter may make use of more than one type of energy, or more than one energy emitter may be used to direct more than one type of energy into the structure to break adhesive bonds.
- microwave energy may be emitted to embrittle a frangible adhesive, while, or subsequently, ultrasound may be used to break the adhesive up, facilitating separation and disassembly of the formerly bonded components.
- a frangible primer layer i.e. a layer of primer that has a polydispersion of at least one frangible additive spread throughout
- a frangible primer layer between adhesive layer 206 and heater blanket/sheath 106 may be targeted with a specific energy to cause degradation of the primer for removal of the abrasion strip.
- embodiments of the present intentionally activated frangible bonding system may employ a frangible composite material matrix (i.e. a matrix material component of a composite structure that includes a polydispersion of at least one frangible additive spread throughout).
- a frangible composite material matrix i.e. a matrix material component of a composite structure that includes a polydispersion of at least one frangible additive spread throughout.
- the additive degrades the frangible composite matrix material, upon application of a specific energy to the frangible composite matrix material to degrade the composite material to facilitate removal of the composite material and/or to free structures bonded to the composite material by the frangible composite matrix material.
- Such a frangible composite material matrix may degrade as collateral in the removal of a desired detail. Such collateral materials may be easier to add, as a patch or repair, such as when economically justified.
- thermoset and thermoplastic Two primary polymers, thermoset and thermoplastic, are used in the aircraft and similar industries for bonding components and/or as composite material matrices.
- Thermoplastic may be generally seen as “melting” when hot, but solid “crystalline or semi-crystalline” when cold or ambient.
- structural adhesives and composites are thermosets, and hence, polymeric bondline or composite matrix materials are crosslinked during cure, a rapidly developing and maturing segment in the composites industry employs thermoplastics, wherein thermoplastic polymers solidify into crystalline or semi-crystalline microstructures.
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of frangible (thermoset) polymer bonding material (i.e. frangible adhesive, frangible adhesive primer, frangible composite material matrix, or the like) cross-linking 302 and directed energy degradation 304 of the polymer bonding material cross-linking, in accordance with embodiments of the present systems and method.
- frangible (thermoset) polymer bonding material i.e. frangible adhesive, frangible adhesive primer, frangible composite material matrix, or the like
- directed energy degradation 304 of the polymer bonding material cross-linking, in accordance with embodiments of the present systems and method.
- a first type of energy 306 such as heat
- time may provide bonding material cross linking 302 .
- thermosetting polymers like adhesives used for structural bonds, composite matrices, or the like, have polymer chains (like proteins) or polymeric crystalline structures that make up the molecular structure of the substance. Heat may be applied to the material to speed cure kinetics of the thermosetting polymer, and thereby speed cross-linking of the polymer chains, which increases strength and achieves a structural bond.
- room temperature cures are common. In general, temperature and time add to the degree of crystallinity of thermoplastic composites (i.e. quickly “quenching” the polymer material after melt reduces the degree of crystallinity and increases the “amorphous” phase).
- thermosetting and thermoplastic composites In both thermosetting and thermoplastic composites, increased crosslinking (thermosets) and increased crystallinity (thermoplastics) increase mechanical performance and chemical/physical properties.
- a tailored bonding material may be formulated to degrade with interrogation sources not encountered in the operating environment.
- an interrogating energy source such as ultrasonic frequencies are varied and applied to target and degrade specific polymeric chains within the bonding material to achieve a breakdown at the molecular level, in accordance with such embodiments of the present systems and methods.
- directed energy 308 such as ultrasound, microwave, or the like may be directed toward bonding material, such as an adhesive layer, primer layer or composite matrix to degrade the adhesive layer, primer layer or composite matrix to provide directed energy degradation 304 of the polymer bonding material cross-linking or crystallinity.
- bonding material such as an adhesive layer, primer layer or composite matrix to degrade the adhesive layer, primer layer or composite matrix to provide directed energy degradation 304 of the polymer bonding material cross-linking or crystallinity.
- ultrasonic scission of the polymer backbone can occur at any bond location within the chains. Once the bondline has been compromised, disassembly should be significantly easier without incurring additional damage to the structure.
- FIGS. 4 a and 4 b are a diagrammatic illustration of directed energy bondline degradation in accordance with embodiments of the present systems and methods.
- FIG. 4 a illustrates structures 402 and 404 bonded by adhesive 406 , which, in accordance with embodiments of the present systems and methods, includes additives 408 .
- frangible adhesive 406 comprises a polydispersion of at least one additive 408 spread throughout the frangible adhesive. This additive degrades a bond provided by the frangible adhesive upon application of a specific energy to the frangible adhesive.
- This additive may be made up of any material or materials, which upon activation by a particular energy, will cause the degradation of the bonding properties of the cured, or otherwise activated, adhesive.
- this additive may be carbon nanotube-based, it may comprise a specific dipole agent that reacts in a designed manner under electromagnetic energy to degrade the bond, or the like.
- a dipole agent may be activated by microwave energy, while alternative additives may be activated by other electromagnetic energy, ultrasonic energy, or the like.
- the energy should not be of a nature typically encountered during operation of the bonded structure, or even energy of a nature encountered in extreme operating conditions for the bonded structure.
- FIG. 4 b depicts bondline degradation in adhesive 406 after bondline degrading energy is applied to facilitate bondline fracture in accordance with embodiments of the present systems and methods, such as through activation of additives 408 of FIG. 4 a resulting in degradation 410 along adhesive bondline 406 , as shown in FIG. 4 b .
- Similar degradation of bonding may be provided in embodiments where a frangible primer applied to structure(s) 402 and/or 404 to facilitate adhesion of adhesive 406 to the structure is subjected to degrading energy, rather than, or in addition to, adhesive 406 .
- a mechanically activated (i.e. intentionally or selectively activated) phenomenon such as a specific ultrasonic frequency and amplitude or activation energy, is used to degrade a bonding material (i.e. an adhesive, adhesive primer, composite material matrix, or the like).
- a bonding material i.e. an adhesive, adhesive primer, composite material matrix, or the like.
- additives, particulates, or catalysts incite frangibility tuned to an external energy source to change the additive's state and interrupt the adhesive or primer characteristics of the target bonding material.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of implementation 500 of directed energy bondline degradation for disassembly of bonded structures and assemblies, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present systems and methods.
- an embodiment for disassembly of bonded structures or assemblies in accordance with embodiments of a selectively activated frangible bonding system is detailed and calls for inclusion of at least one additive spread throughout a bonding material (i.e. an adhesive, an adhesive primer, a composite material matrix, or the like) to provide a frangible bonding material.
- a bonding material i.e. an adhesive, an adhesive primer, a composite material matrix, or the like
- a polydispersion of at least one additive is spread throughout a bonding material to provide the frangible bonding material.
- this additive may be carbon nanotube-based, it may comprise a specific dipole agent that reacts in a specified manner under electromagnetic energy to degrade the bond, or the like.
- a dipole agent may be activated by microwave energy, while alternative additives may be activated by other electromagnetic energy, ultrasonic energy, or the like.
- potential sources and/or combinations of energy and/or additives could be ultrasonic, chemical, magnetorheological, microspheres of degrading material or solvent, etc.
- the energy should not be of a nature typically encountered during manufacturing, inspection, handling, or operation of the bonded structure, or even energy of a nature encountered in extreme operating conditions for the bonded structure.
- the specified energy to degrade the bonding material should be specified so as to avoid such ranges to prevent premature failure of the structural component.
- ultrasonic inspection typically uses high frequency sound waves in the range of 0.5 to 15 MHz.
- frangible bonding material i.e. frangible adhesive, frangible adhesive primer, frangible composite material matrix, or the like
- this may call for the present frangible adhesive system to bond primary composite and metallic structures and withstand temperature ranges of up to 250 to 400 degrees Fahrenheit.
- components of a durable structure or assembly which may need to be disassembled at a later time, are bonded (together) using a frangible bonding material. That this, in a durable structure, which may need to be disassembled at a later time for repair, maintenance, or the like, structure or assembly components may be bonded together, at 504 , using the frangible adhesive, frangible adhesive primer, frangible composite material matrix, or the like of the present systems and methods, to facilitate such later dismantling.
- energy of a specific type may be directed toward the structure or assembly at 506 to degrade the frangible bonding material bonding the components. Thereafter, the structure or assembly components may be separated at 508 to thereby disassemble the structure or assembly, at least in part.
- the degradable adhesive may be tailored specifically for use with bonded details that are designed for ease of removal and/or separation from each other, such that the application of the removal energy source will have no adverse effect on surrounding bondlines that should maintain their bond integrity.
Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/788,506 US10717261B2 (en) | 2017-10-19 | 2017-10-19 | Selectively activated frangible bonding system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/788,506 US10717261B2 (en) | 2017-10-19 | 2017-10-19 | Selectively activated frangible bonding system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20190118523A1 US20190118523A1 (en) | 2019-04-25 |
US10717261B2 true US10717261B2 (en) | 2020-07-21 |
Family
ID=66170933
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/788,506 Active 2037-12-21 US10717261B2 (en) | 2017-10-19 | 2017-10-19 | Selectively activated frangible bonding system |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10717261B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11623753B2 (en) | 2018-12-16 | 2023-04-11 | Goodrich Corporation | Selectively meltable adhesives for bonding of deicers |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140371341A1 (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2014-12-18 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Dental materials based on compounds having debonding-on-demand properties |
US10468286B2 (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2019-11-05 | Ev Group E. Thallner Gmbh | Method for the bonding and debonding of substrates |
-
2017
- 2017-10-19 US US15/788,506 patent/US10717261B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140371341A1 (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2014-12-18 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Dental materials based on compounds having debonding-on-demand properties |
US10468286B2 (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2019-11-05 | Ev Group E. Thallner Gmbh | Method for the bonding and debonding of substrates |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20190118523A1 (en) | 2019-04-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6773535B1 (en) | Article and method for controlled debonding of elements using shape memory alloy actuators | |
EP3025847B1 (en) | Fan case liner removal with external heat mat | |
US20070281122A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for dissipating electric energy in a composite structure | |
JP2009144914A (en) | Method and apparatus for assembling composite structure | |
US7781058B2 (en) | Removable adhesive for replaceable components subjected to impact loads | |
US9895716B2 (en) | Repair process and a repaired component | |
US10717261B2 (en) | Selectively activated frangible bonding system | |
JP2010106193A (en) | Adhesive sheet, structure and method for peeling structure | |
US20170355181A1 (en) | Bonded metal and thermoplastic components | |
Goodenough et al. | Reversible adhesives and debondable joints for fibre-reinforced plastics: Characteristics, capabilities, and opportunities | |
EP3406424B1 (en) | Aircraft blade and methods of forming and repairing an aircraft blade | |
US20120258315A1 (en) | Assembly of two substrates bonded by a rigid polymer, and methods for assembly and dismantling by means of migration of said bonded assembly | |
EP3750698A1 (en) | Repair patch, repair patch molding method, and repair method for composite material | |
EP4098428A1 (en) | Method to join polymer-matrix reinforced composite materials | |
US20090165926A1 (en) | Method and assembly for bonding metal layers in a gas turbine engine using a polyimide adhesive | |
CN113474117B (en) | Method for separating a first mechanical component from a second mechanical component | |
WO2023223600A1 (en) | Structure and method for producing structure | |
Chester | Materials Selection and Engineering | |
JP6831378B2 (en) | Improvements in or related to fiber reinforced composites | |
RU2802946C2 (en) | Method for separating the first mechanical part from the second mechanical part | |
ACHACHE et al. | Numerical Analysis of the Behavior of Structures Damaged by Fatigue and Repaired by Composite Patch | |
US10245818B2 (en) | Method and arrangement for pre-curing an adhesive layer | |
KR20170081382A (en) | Surface treatment method of metal or ceramic using carbonized layer production | |
Chou et al. | Regeneration of interfacial adhesion in fiber reinforced composites | |
Roberts III et al. | Repair process and a repaired component |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BELL HELICOPTER TEXTRON INC., TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CHIANG, THOMAS S.;PAULSON, JARED MARK;SIGNING DATES FROM 20171018 TO 20171019;REEL/FRAME:043907/0059 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: ENTITY STATUS SET TO UNDISCOUNTED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: BIG.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE AFTER FINAL ACTION FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: ADVISORY ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NOTICE OF ALLOWANCE MAILED -- APPLICATION RECEIVED IN OFFICE OF PUBLICATIONS |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
CC | Certificate of correction | ||
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 4TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1551); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Year of fee payment: 4 |