US1068755A - Hydraulic-jet suction apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

W. J. FRAME.

HYDRAULIC JET SUoTIoN APPARATUS.

' APLIGATION FILED PEBJS, 1911.

Patented July 29, 1913.

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diforuzyt COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH :oJ-WASHINGTON, D. c.

W. J. FRAME.

HYDRAULIC JET SUGTION APPARATUS.

APPLIOATlON FILED FEB. 18, 1911.

Patented July 29, 1913.

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WILLIAM `l'OI-IN'STON FRAME, 0F GLASGOW, SCOTLAND.

HYDRAULIC-JET SUCTION APPARATUS.

tion apparatus of the type wherein one or, more jets of water are employed the water being sprayed or atomized and directed into an eduction tube.

In the specification of my prior U. S. Patent No. 924,335, issued 8th June, 1909, I have described an apparatus of the above type wherein liquid jets pass through a diaphragm and are caused to impinge so as to be finely broken up or atomized and also diifused or spread to such an extent as, in this finely divided state, to more or less completely fill the bore of an eduction or diffusing tube and, while becoming thoroughly mixed with the air or gas the-rein, to entra-in or set the same in motion and carry the same forward through the eduction tube thereby creating a very powerful suction, the eduction tube-being provided with a number of conic contractions which deflect and concentrate or combine the traveling mass of air and water. This apparatus has given very good results.

I have made a number of experiments in connection with the flow of water through different kinds of orices and I have found, if the entrance edge of an orifice (the wall of which must not converge) is sharp and the surface surrounding the orifice is more or less Hat, that the water entering the orifice from all sides cascades over the edge thereof and its molecules impinge upon one another a short distance below Athe orifice and are atcmized and spread owing to the reaction produced by the impingement. Owing to the cascading action a full iiow of water does not take place through the orice but a partial flow and this partial flow takes place so long as the length of the parallel part (or wall) of the orifice is not so great, compared with the least dimension of the entrance opening, as to cause a vacuum to take place next the wall'of the orice; as, if a vacuum doestalre place then a full flow immediately results owing to the rush of water to fill the void. If the orifice has a Wall which is partly parallel then ordinarily the parallel wall or part of the ori` Specification of Letters Patent.

Appiicauon filed February 1s, 1911.

r'atenteaauiy 29,1913.

Serial No. 609,526.

ce should not be greater in length than about the least transverse dimension of the opening.

Under this invention I economize the water and, at the same time, obtain even greater efliciency than with an apparatus as constructed in accordance with my said former patent, by making the hydraulic suction apparatus operate with a (or more Athan one) jet of water which passes through an orifice so shaped that the cascading action aforesaid takes place the water being very thoroughly atomized and traveling forward with but very slight diminution of the original velocity of discharge. In order to obtain the maximum efficiency it is necessary that the sprayed jet should be directed across the suction space or chamber of the apparat-us into an eduction tube having a series of truncated cones therein, as in my prior specification No. 924,335 issued 8th June 1909, the throats formed at the smaller ends of the truncated cones being gradually increased in diameter from the first to the last.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood I have hereunto appended an explanatory sheet of drawings, whereom- Figure 1 is a view of one 'form of the apparatus with an annular jet. Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross section of the' diaphragm or plate Fig. 3 is a plan of the said diaphragm or plate b. Fig. 4 is a view showing how the throats 0f the cones increase in diameter. Fig. 5 shows a modied arrangement of annular jet diaphragm and wherein the size of the annular channel or passage may be varied by means of a spindle and hand wheel. Figs. 6 and 7 are sections of another vform of diaphragm, and Fig. 8 is a plan of the same.

The water, under pressure, passes from the tube a through the diaphragm b and issues las a jet of spray which passes across the space c of the suction chamber l into the eduction tube e which lat-ter, as will be noticed, has a series of conic contractions therein, which form truncated cones marked 1,-2, 3, and 5, the throats of which preferably increase in size toward the final outlet owing to t-he diminished velocity of the fluids passing therethrough.

j is the suction branch of the suction chamber, g a tube inclosing the eduction tube and 71, a tubular protecting casing.

VThe diaphragm I) is made in a special manner being composed of a box z' having an out-let orifice j with a sharp edge at jl and an outwardly tapering mouth Screwed into the box is a block 7s having inclined and converging openings 701 and a tapered central part f which depends into the mouth of the orifice j so that an annular opening or passage way is formed at m. It will be seen that the openings 761 do not register exactly with the passage way the part at (il, which is flat at top, projecting inward and forming a partial fioor at the bottom of the openings 761.

a is a packing ring which may be changed and be replaced by a thicker or thinner ring according as it is desired to have a larger or smaller annular passage way m, this manner of adjustment being rendered desirable when the tube a is straight, thus rendering any externally operated screw adjustment complicated or cumbersome. With this construction of diaphragm, the water from the openings 731 cascades (see the dotted lines) over the edge jl and through the passage m forming a hollow annular jet the molecules of which impinge at or about the point o and from this point, owing to the re-act-ion, the water breaks up and spreads in the form of finely atomized spray which travels forward wit-h but very slight dimunition of the original velocity of discharge. The orifices may be circular, as shown, or they may be rectangular. I prefer to use circular orifices. If desired I may vuse more than one cascading jet in the apparatus. Owing to the cascading action a full flow of water does not take place through the orifice but only a partial flow with the result that water is economized, while, owing to the thorough atomization and practically undiminished velocity of the jet, great efciency is also obtained.

In the modified arrangement of annular jet shown at Fig. 5, the tapered part Z is made in a separate piece and is adjustable by means of a spindle o" passing through a stufiing gland s and operated by a hand wheel t, this spindle being, at its inner end r1, screwed into a boss u made on the block 7c. The spindle, at its extremity, is secured in position by the nut r2.

In the diaphragm shown at Figs. 6, 7 and 8, the size of the annular passage is varied by means of the spindle 71 as before. In this case the central tapered part Z, to Vwhich the spindle is secured, is provided with a plurality of projecting arms Z2, the faces Z3 of said arms being screwed to engage with the screwed face 2 of the box i.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. The combination in a hydraulic jet apparatus for extracting air, gas, or vapor, of a suction chamber having a diaphragm removably seated therein and proifid'ed with a central diverging jet orifice, and a block having a number of inclined openings located around the center thereof.

2. The combination in a hydraulic jet apparatus for extracting air, gas or vapor, of a suction chamber having a diaphragm removably seated therein and provided with a central diverging jet orifice, a block having a number of inclined openings located around the center thereof, a conical part depending into said central diverging jet orifice, and means for adjusting the block within said diaphragm.

3. The combination in a hydraulic jet apparatus for extracting air, gas or vapor, of a suction chamber havinga recessed diaphragm removably seated therein and provided with a central diverging orifice, a block adapted to screw into the recess of said diaphragm and having a number of inclined openings located aroundV the center thereof, and a packing-ring interposed between the seat of said recess and the bottom of said block.

4. The combination in a hydraulic jet apparatus for extracting` air, gas or vapor, of a suction chamber having a removable diaphragm with a screwed recess therein, said diaphragm having a central diverging jet orifice, and a tapered block depending into said orifice and provided with extensions adapted to engage the screw-thread in the recess of said diaphragm.

5. The 'combination in a hydraulic jet ap-v paratus for extracting air, gas, or vapor, of a diaphragm having two orifices of dierent sizes therein which are in line but do not register the one with the other.

6. The combination in a hydraulic jet apparatus for extracting air, gas or vapor, of a diaphragm having a screwed recess therein, a perforated block engaging said recess, and a dive'rging orifice in said diaphragm in line with but not registering with said recess.

7. The combination in a hydraulic jetV apparatus for extracting air, gas, or vapor, of a diaphragm made in ytwo parts, the one part having an orifice therein, the walls of which do not converge, and the other part having a larger 'oricetherein and in line with the first-mentioned orifice and tapered means at the center of the larger orifice and depending into the smaller orifice.

8. The combination with a hydraulic jet suction apparatus having an eduction tube provided with a series of truncated cones therein and communicating with one another, the throats of the'said truncated Cones gradually enlarging toward the final outlet, of a diaphragm through which the water passes and means for causing the water to cascade as it passes through the diaphragm. Y

9. The combination with a hydraulic jet suction apparatus having an eduction tube provided With a series of truncated cones therein and communicating With one another, the throats of the said truncated cones gradually enlarging toward the final outlet, of a diaphragm through which the Water passes in annular jet formation and means for causing the Water to cascade as it passes through the diaphragm.

10. The combination With a hydraulic jet suction apparatus having an eduction tube provided with a series of truncated cones therein and communicating With one another, the throats of the said truncated cones gradually enlarging toward the final outlet, of a diaphragm having a central jet orifice therein and Whose Wall does not converge, and tapered means depending into said orifice so as to leave an annular Water passage.

l1. The combination With a hydraulic jet suction apparatus having an eduction tube provided with a series of truncated cones therein and communicating With one another, the throats of the said truncated cones gradually enlarging toward the final outlet, of a diaphragm having a central jet orifice therein and Whose Wall does not converge, and adjustable tapered means depending into said orifice.

12. The combination Wit-h a hydraulic jet suction apparatus having an eduction tube provided With a series of truncated cones therein and communicating with one another, the throats of the said truncated cones gradually enlarging toward the final outlet, of a diaphragm having a central diverging jet orifice therein, and tapered means depending into said orifice so as to leave an annular Water passage.

In testimony vvhereofl I afiiX my signature in presence of tvvo Witnesses.

WILLIAM JOHNSTON FRAME.

Witnesses:

STEWART W. GALLOWAY, HERBERT C. SLOAN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

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