US1068228A - Caissons and method of joining them. - Google Patents

Description

J. W. DUTY.

GAISSONS AND METHOD OF JOININQ THEM.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 22, 1913.

1,068,228, Patented July 22, 1913.

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wmvsss g 'INVENTOR A TTORNE Y coLummA l-MNouliAPn 00., WASHINGTON, n. c.

J. W. DUTY cussous AND METHOD OF JOINING THEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAB..22, 1913.

1,068,228. Patented July 22,1913.

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INI/ENTOR WITNESSES ATTORNEY COLUMBIA PLANOCIRAPH IO-,WASHING'ION, n. c

J. W. DOTY.

' GAISSONS AND METHOD OF JOINING THEM.

APPLIOATION FILED mums, 1913.

1 ,O68,228. Patented July 22, 1913.

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INYENTOR W/ag/ ATTORNEY JOHN W. DUTY, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE FOUNDATION COMPANY, A CORPORATIQN OF NEW YORK.

GAISSONS AND METHQD OF JOINING}- THEM.

Z '0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN D01, a citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Caissons and Metln ods of Joining Them, of which the following is a specification.

This invent-ion ain'isto provide certain ll11 provelnents in the sinking oi caissons or piers for building foundations and the like, which piers are sunk alongside of each other and then connected together so as to form a continuous structure which will prevent the passage of water and earth between the piers when an excavation is made at one side of the same. The two piers are sunk with a slight space between them after which vertical dia ihragnis are provided inclosing at least a portion of said space. The inclosed portion of the space is then excavated and is filled with concrete which is keyed into the joint faces of the piers. The vertical diaphragnis are also preferably keyed into the piers. For forming the diapl'iragins at least one, and preferably both of the piers, is sunk with closed vertical grooves in their oint faces and after sinking this groove is gradually opened from the bottom upward while concrete or other plastic 1na terial is simultaneously :torced down through the grooves and across the space between the piers. This operation being gradually continned from the bottom upward completes the diaphragm to the height desired; and such a diaphragm alone may be used in some cases as the entire means for preventing the passage of water or earth between the piers.

The accompanying drawings illustrate an embodiment oi. the invention.

Figure 1 :is a horizontal section of the adjacent portion of two piers; Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the plane 22 of Fig. 1; Fig. is a vertical section on the plane of 3 3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 41- is a section similar to 3 after the work of constructing the diaphragm has been commenced; Fig. 5 is a section similar to l 1 after the eon'iple- 'tion of the joint; Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on the line 6--6 of Fig. 2 after the completion of the joint.

In the construction illustrated the caisson Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 22, 1913.

Patented J'u 1y 22, 1913.

Serial No. 756,264..

is formed of concrete so that it constitutes in fact the thick shell of the pier itself. Two such piers A are illustrated with their adjacent joint faces slightly separated from each other to pro vide a space l3 across which the joint is to be made. Near each of the edges of the joint face the pier is formed with a vertical groove C which is closed by means of a built-up channel composed of a plate D and angles E. The groove is formed of vertical. timbers F and G on opposite sides and H at the back all fastened by bolts to angles J extending from front to rear of the pier and located at suitable intervals to hold the timbers. The grooves C extend clear to the cutting edge K, being" tapered at the lower end shown in Fig. 3, and the plate 1) being extended downward so as to overlap a part of the cutting edge. The angles J are braced. at their ends by means of triangular braces L, the members J and L be ing both embedded in the concrete.

The built-up channel by which the grooves are closed his in the grooves so loosely as to permit its withdrawal. but not to permit the entry of earth into the grooves.

After sinking the piers to bed rock or other suitable substratum they will appear as in Fig. l with their grooves C opposite each other. Although the piers are not sunk perfectly straight, and the opposite grooves G will not always register exactly as shown, yet they are made of substantial width and they will. always register sutliciently closely for the contemplated method of o ieration. Concrete is deposited in the grooves U through their upper ends. 0r in some cases packed clay may be used for the same purpose. H is then rammed and simultaneously the plates l) and angles E are gradually liti'ted as indicated in Fig. l. The concrete lvl. under pressure displaces the material between. the two opposiing grooves and forms a bond or vertical diaphragm i l between the two caissons. This is continued to the top, or to as high a point as desired -for the diaphragm. The diaphragm will be keyed into the opposite piers as indicated in 5 and 6. Two of these diapln'agins N are 'jJl'CIFOl'RlDlY termed, as indicated in Fig. 5. The iiortion ot the space between the piers A which is bounded by these diaphragms is entirely inclosed and may be excavated from the top either by putting an air lock where the circumstances require it or without such an air lock. Upon remo-val of the earth from this portion of the joint the earth is replaced with a body of concrete 0. This with the diaphragms N forms a body of concrete extending nearly from edge to edge of the piers and practically filling the space between them.

The body of concrete 0 is also preferably keyed into the faces of the opposite piers as indicated in Fig. 5. This is accomplished by forming wide vertical grooves P (Figs. 1 and 2) in which is a boxing of timber fastened at intervals to the transverse angles J and serving to prevent the entry of earth into the groove during the sinking operation (which entry of earth would be attended with danger to any nearby buildings supported on shallow foundations). After sinking the pier the closing plate Q and its stiffening rib R and the transverse members S, which are arranged at intervals in the grooves, are removed so that the body 0 of concrete shall enter the grooves and make a good joint between the piers. The large groove P extends downward only to a point above the level of the roof T of the working chamber of the caisson, because at this point the wall of the caisson or pier A is made thinner and it would not be practlcal to form a very deep groove in the outer face of such Wall. Below the bottom of the groove P, however, there may be formed in the outer face of the working chamber shallow small grooves U (Figs. 2 and 6) which during the sinking operation may be filled with clay or may even be left open, being of such slight area as not to provide very much space for the earth to fall into. After the diaphragms N are formed the central excavation will not only involve the removal of the outer closing members Q, R- and S of the larger grooves P, but will involve also the excavation of the clay or earth from the smaller grooves U so that the body O of concrete will extend into these smaller grooves clear down to the cutting edge.

Though I have described with great particularity of detail certain specific processes and constructions embodying the invention yet it must not be understood therefrom that the invention is restricted to the particular methods and constructions described. Various modifications in the steps of the process and in the details and arrangements of the construction described may be made by those skilled in the art without departure from the invention.

hat I claim is l. The method of making a oint between piers which consists in sinking the two piers with a slight space between them, forming vertical diaphragms inclosing a portion of said space, excavating such inclosed portion and filling the excavated space with concrete.

2. The method of making a joint between piers which consists in sinking the two piers with a slight space between them, forming vertical diaphragms inclosing a portion of said space, excavating such inclosed portion and filling the excavated space with concrete and keying the same into said piers.

3. The method of making a joint between piers which consists in sinking the two piers with a slight space between them, forming vertical diaphragms keyed into said piers and inclosing a portion of said space, excavating such inclosed portion and filling the excavated space with concrete.

l. The method of making a joint between piers which consists in sinking the two piers wit-h a slight space between them, forming vertical diaphragms keyed into said piers and inclosing a portion of said space, excavating such inclosed portion and filling the excavated space with concrete and keying the same into said piers.

5. The method of making a joint between piers which consists in sinking the two piers with a slight space between them and with a closed vertical groove in the joint face of at least one of said piers and extending clear to the top thereof, and subsequently opening said groove and forming a structure across such space and keyed into said groove.

6. The method of making a oint between piers which consists in sinking the two piers with a slight space between them, at least one of said piers having a closed vertical groove in its joint face, opening said groove gradually from the bottom upward and simultaneously forcing plastic material down through said groove and across said space to form a vertical diaphragm.

7. In the making of a joint between piers the method which consists in providing uncovered grooves in the side walls of the working chamber of such piers, sinking two piers with such grooves in their adjacent side faces, excavating the space between said adjacent faces and removing any clay or earth in said grooves, and filling the excavated space and said grooves with concrete.

8. A joint caisson formed with a vertical groove in its joint face, means for closing said groove during sinking, said means being removable after sinking to open the groove.

9. A joint caisson formed with a vertical groove in its joint face, means for closing said groove during sinking, said means being adapted to be removed gradually from the bottom upward after sinking to open the groove and permit the forming of a diasigned my name in the presence of two subphragnl across the space between sold czusscrlblng wltnesscs.

son and the adjacent one. JOHN DUTY 10. A joint caisson formed with an open, groove in the joint face of the working Witnesses: chamber. L'ULU STUBENVOLL,

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto I). ANTHONY USIINA.

Gopzles 0! this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patcntz. Washington, I). G.

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