US1067517A - Tellurian. - Google Patents

Description

W. F. GUNSON & W. PARK.

TELLURIAN.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 10, 1912.

Patented July 15, 1913.

2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

INVENTORS.

A TTORNE Y.

WITNESSES:

COLUMBIA PLANOORAPH 50., WASHINGTON. n. c.

w. P. GUNSON & W. PARK.

TELLURIAN.

APPLIQATION FILED 31113.10, 1912.

1,067,517. Patented July 15, 1913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

' I I WITNESSES: INVENTOR5.

Ill- 7 M ATTORNE Y.

COLUMBIA PLANUURAPH cu., WASHINGTON, n. c

UNITED STATES PATENT @FFT@ 1 WILLIAM F. GUNSON AND WILLIAM PARK, OF BRANTFOBD, ONTARIO, CANADA.

TELLURIAN.

Specification of Letters Patent. 7

Application filed February 10, 1912.

Patented July 15,1913. Serial No. 676,805.

To all 207mm, it may concern:

Be it known that we, \VILLIAM F. GUN- SON and IVILLIAM PARK, of the city of :lrantford, in the Province of Ontarlo, Canada. have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tellurians. of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to devices for displaying the relative movements of the sun, earth and moon and the various phenomena which result from said movements and the respective natures of the said bodies.

lVhile others have. previously devised tellurians which represented more or less correctly the motions of the bodies referred to they have not well represented such phenomena as the phases of the moon, eclipses of the moon and sun, the position of the moon in the visible heavens, the apparent position of the sun north or south of the equator, the difference of time, the circle of illumination on the earth and as a corollary thereof the respective duration of day and night at different times of the year and at diiferent latitudes and it is particularly in the features of the device which relate to the illustration of these phenomena that our invention lies.

Figure l is a side elevation, partly in sec tion, of our improved tellurian. Fig. 2 s a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of partof the gearing for imparting the necessary movements to the earth and moon. Fig. 4t is a vertical section of the upper part of the gearing, shown in Fig. 3, with connecting gearing complete. Fig. 5 is a side elevation showing parts of the connecting gearing separated. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the gearing shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is a plan view of the eccentric and its connection for giving the moons orbit its proper inclination. Fig. 8 is a front elevation of the primary gearing for drlving the apparatus. Fig. 9 is a rear view of the inner sphere of the device representing the earth.

In the drawings like numerals of refer ence indicate corresponding parts in the different figures.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, 1 represents a suitable stand on which is supported a stationary crown wheel 2 preferably cut with 365 teeth. 3 is a spindle supporting a sphere 4 representing the sun. This may be either opaque and colored to represent the sun, or else translucent and provided in its interior with an electric lamp 5 or other source of illumination. On the spindle 3 is journaled the arm 6 carrying the earth and moon as hereinafter described. lVithin this arm is journaled a shaft 7 having secured thereto adjacent the crown wheel 2 a pinion 8 meshing with the gear wheel 9 secured to the spindle 10 journaled in a bracket 11 depending from the arm 6. This spindle has secured thereto, the pinion 12 meshing with the crown wheel 2. The spindle 10 carries the sleeve 13 loose thereon, but engageable for driving pur poses with the gear wheel 9 through the medium of the clutch 14, half of which is formed on the sleeve and the other half on the hub of the gear wheel. IVhen the clutch is engaged as shown in Fig. 1, the arm 6 may be rotated about the spindle 3 by op erating the crank arm 15 secured to the sleeve 13. The shaft 7 has secured thereto, the gear wheel 16 meshing with the pinion 17 fast on a spindle 18 journaled in suitable bearings on the arm 6. This spindle by means of the bevel gearing 19 drives the sleeve 20 journaled on the spindle 3 and carrying the pointer 21 which is thus movable over the face of a 24-hour dial 22 supported from the arm 6. The gearing is so proportioned that the pointer completes a circuit of the dial during such time as the arm 6 has been moved one three hundred and sixty-fifth part of a revolution about the spindle 3. As, particularly for the purpose of teaching time it is sometimes desirable to be able to impart a slow movement to the pointer 21 we provide the sleeve 13 with the gear wheel 23 which through an endwise movement of the sleeve can be brought directly into mesh with the gear wheel 16. A much slower drive is thus given to the shaft 7 and consequently to the pointer 21 than when the driving is through the medium of the gears 8 and 9.

The earth and moon are carried on the arm 6 and their movements imparted to them from the shaft 7 through the medium of the constructions we will now describe.

A bracket 24 is formed at the end of the arm 6 and this bracket carries thevertical stationary sleeve 25. In this sleeve is journaled the spindle 26 which has the bevel gear wheel 27 secured to its upper end. Surrounding the upper end of the spindle 26 is a sleeve 28 to which is secured the bracket 29 in which is journaled the polar axis 30 of the earth. This polar axis is set at the proper inclination and carries the bevel gear wheel 31 meshing with the bevel gear wheel 27. The polar axis of the earth may thus be rotated once to one revolution of the pointer 21 representing 24 hours or one day. As the polar axis mustbe maintained in a constant direction while the arm 6 is being rotated about the spindle 3 gea ring must be provided for that purpose. The lower end of the sleeve 28 has the gear wheel 32 secured thereto. This gear wheel meshes with. the pinion 33 secured to and revolving with the gear wheel 84 suitably journaled on the casing 35. This gear wheel 34 has meshing therewith the pinion 36 fast on the spindle 37 journaled in the casing 35. This spindle carries the gear wheel. 38 meshing with the pinion 89 fast on the spindle 26. Through the train of gearing described the sleeve 28 is so rotated as to maintainthe polar axis of the earth pointing in a constant direction in space.

Before describing the specific construction of the earth we will fully describe the remaining gearing which is used to impart the necessary movements to the moon.

Below the pinion 89 is located the gear wheel 40 secured to the sleeve 41 surrounding the stationary sleeve 25. The lower end of this sleeve carries the eccentric 42. Be low the gear wheel 40 is located the gear wheel 43 secured to the sleeve 44 surroundingthe sleeve 41. This sleeve 44 carries the bracket 45 on which is hinged the arm 47 carrying the moon. This arm 47 is pivoted at its outer end on the sleeve 48. By thus pivoting the arm 47 a vertical rocking move ment may be imparted thereto to give the desired inclination of the moons orbit. The rocking movement is imparted through the medium of the eccentric strap 49 connected by means of a suitable universal joint with the depending arm 50 formed on the arm 47 The gear wheels 40 and 48 are actuated to give the desired movements to the sleeve 44 and the sleeve 48 through the medium of the gearing which will be now described.

On the spindle 37 is secured the pinion 51 meshing directly with the gear wheel 43 on the sleeve 44. On the spindle 87 is also secured the pinion 52 which meshes with the gear wheel 58 suitably journaled on the easing 85 and having secured thereto the pinion 54 which meshes with the gear wheel 40 secured to the sleeve 41. These gears are all suitably proportioned to give the proper timing to the various motions desired.

The sleeve 48 is maintained in its vertical position, while the arm 47 is being rocked through the medium of the eccentric, by means of a parallel motion device constructed substantially as follows: The lower end of the sleeve is pivotally connected to the arm 55, the inner end of which is pivotally connected with the sleeve 56, free to revolve on the stationary sleeve 25. The moon is formed of an outer transparent sphere 57 which is secured to the upper end of the sleeve 48. Thus as the sleeve is carried around the earth the same side of the transparent sphere 57 is presented to the earth which, of course, represents actual conditions.

To represent the phases of the moon we employ an inner sphere 58. This may have one side dark and the other side translucent and a lamp 59 may be employed to illuminate the interior. Otherwise one side will be dark and the other finished in white or silver. To represent the phases of the moon, the translucent or silvery side of the inner sphere mustbe maintained constantly pointing toward the sun. For this purpose the following gearing is employed: Within the sleeve 48 is journaled the spindle 60 the lower end of which is connected by bevel gearing 61 with the spindle 62 journaled in the arm 55. The inner end of the spindle is provided with the bevel pinion 63 meshing with the stationary bevel gear 64 secured to the stationary sleeve 25. To permit of the rocking movement of the arm 55 it is neces sary that its pivot be located as nearly as possible in line wit-h the intersection of the pitch circles on the bevel gearing.

The earth is constructed substantially as follows: The polar axis 30 is secured to a sphere 65 which is transparent or at least translucent and has outlined thereon lines of latitude and longitude and the land surfaces of the globe and such other of the physical characteristics of the earth as may seem desirable. This sphere thus rotates with the polar axis. Within the sphere 65 is located the inner sphere 66. This sphere will be made of reflecting material, one hemisphere being dark in color while the other is silvery or of some other light shade. This inner sphere is connected, as shown, to the sleeve 67 secured to the casing 85. This casing and sleeve maintain a constant position relative to the arm 6 and therefore the bright side of the inner sphere 66 will always be presented toward the sun and as it is readily seen through the outer transparent sphere 65 an exact representation is given of the illuminated and non-illuminated portions of the earths surface. The movement of the polar axis relative to the inner sphere and of the sleeve 67 relative to the outer sphere necessitates a circular opening being left in the top of the inner sphere and the bottom of the outer sphere, as indicated. These gaps may, however, be substantially filled up by means of the disks 68 and 69, leaving only annular openings in the surfaces of the spheres. The disk 68 may be supported by means of the vertical olar axis 30.

om the various mechanisms described re-follows that the earth may be rotated around the sun in a period representing 365 days while the pointer 21 has moved 365 times around the dial 22. At the same time the moon has been revolved 12 times about the earth, constantly maintaining the same side of the outer sphere 57 presented to the earth and the supposedly illuminated side of the inner sphere 58 toward the sun. At the same time both spheres have been simultaneously raised and lowered to give their orbit the desired inclination of 5.9 degrees to the orbit of the earth. The direction of inclination also remains constant relative to the earths axis so that phenomenon of eclipse seasons is well represented. The sphere representing the earths surface has also been rotating synchronously with the pointer 21.

An important result of the special con struction of the earth is that on the surface of the inner sphere 66 the reflection of the moon may be seen and the reflections exhibit exactly the appearance of the moon in the sky as it passes through its various phases from new to full. This is true whether the moon be between the sun and the earth or the earth between the sun and the moon. For the purpose of indicating the phenomenon of a lunar eclipse, the center of the dark hemisphere of the sphere 66 may have a dark non-reflective circular patch formedthereon. hen the reflection of the full moon approaches this patch it gradually disappears and the phenomenon of an eclipse is represented as indicated in Fig. 9. Another advantage follows from the use of this re fleeting sphere 66; that is, to an observer standing in the position of the sun sphere at the latter is seen reflected in this sphere 66 and the position of the sun relative to the equator at any time of the year is actually seen.

IVhile it would be easy to elaborate the description of the various functions of this apparatus, suflice it to say that all the relative movements of the sun, moon and earth may be represent-ed and all the phenomena resulting therefrom satisfactorily shown and explained. Many phonomena are shown as observed from two points of view. On the reflecting surface of the earth they appear as seen from the earth, while the observer at the same time sees them as they would appear from a view point in space, thus making it possible to widen the scope of the teaching of astronomical geography in public schools. The mechanism itself is simple, positive, automatic, and chain drive is avoided.

hat we claim as our invention is 1. In a tellurian an earth globe comprising a highly reflecting spherical mirror in combination with a bright sun globe, and means for carrying the reflecting sphere about the sun globe.

2. In a tellurian an earth globe formed as a highly reflecting spherical mirror in combination with a bright sun globe; means for carrying the spherical mirror about the sun globe; a moon globe having a bright and dark hemisphere, and means for carrying the moon globe about the earth globe, the sun and moon globes being so proportioned and placed as to give reflected images of approximately the same size.

In a tellurian an earth globe comprising a reflecting sphere, and a translucent sphere surrounding the reflecting sphere and having marked thereon outlines of physical features of the earths surface in combination with a bright sun globe and means for carrying the reflecting sphere about the sun globe.

4:. In a tellurian an earth globe comprising a reflecting sphere one half being light in color and the other half dark, the dark half having a central non-reflecting circular spot formed thereon.

5. In a tellurian an earth globe compris ing a reflecting sphere one-half being light in color and the other dark and a translucent sphere surrounding the reflecting sphere having marked thereon outlines of the physical features of the earths surface, in combination with a sun globe; means for carrying the reflecting sphere about the sun globe with its light colored hemisphere always presented thereto; and means for rotating the translucent sphere on an axis in-.

clined at substantially the angle of the axis of the earth to the plane of its orbit.

6. In a tellurian the combination of an earth globe; a moon globe comprising an inner part having a dark hemisphere, and an outer translucent sphere; means for carrying the outer sphere about the earth globe with the same side constantly pre sented thereto; means for carrying the earth in an orbit about a center; and means for turning the inner part to present its dark hemisphere constantly away from the center of the earths orbit.

7. In a tellurian the combination of an arm; an earth globe carried thereby; a support about which said arm swings; driving gearing connected with the support and the arm for swinging the latter; a dial carried by said arm; a pointer adapted to move over the dial; and gearing connected with the driving gearing adapted to rotate the pointer 365 times about the dial to one complete movement of the arm about its support.

8. In a tellurian the combination of an arm; an earth globe carried thereby; a support about which said arm swings; driving I gearing connected with the support and the arm for swinging the latter; a dial carried by said arm; a pointer adapted to move over the dial; gearing connected with the driving gearing adapted to rotate the pointer times about the dial to one complete movement of the arm about its support, and means connected with the driving gearing adapted to rotate the earth globe in synchronism with the pointer.

9. In tellurian the combination of a moon globe support; a sleeve rotatable on a suitable bearing parallel to the moon globe support; an arm pivoted on said sleeve and the moon globe support; a second arm pivotally connected to the moon globe support; a second, sleeve rotatable on the same axis as the first sleeve and to which the second arm is pivoted; an eccentric between the two sleeves; an arm extending from one of the aforesaid arms and having an operative connection with the eccentric; means for rotating the first-mentioned sleeve to swing the arm rotating the eccentric to rock the said arm.

10. In a tellurian the combination of a moon globe support; a pair of parallel a one end of each of'zwhich is pivotally connected therewith; a rotatable supportingmeans to which the other ends of the said arms are connected; a fixed bevel gear concentric with the supporting means; a spindle carried by one of said rods; a bevel pinion fixed thereon meshing with the aforesaid gear wheel; a bevel pinion fixed at its other end; a moon globe actuating spindle journaled in the moon globe support; and a bevel gear fixed thereon meshing with the said pinion.

Brantford this 3rd day of February, 1912.

WILLIAM F. GUNSON. WILLIAM PARK. Signed in the presence of CATHERINE PARK,

J. O. C. SMYTI-I.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

connected thereto; and means for

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