US1066206A

US1066206A - Magazine-firearm.

Info

Publication number: US1066206A
Application number: US50604109A
Authority: US
Inventors: Charles J Jolidon
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1909-07-06
Filing date: 1909-07-06
Publication date: 1913-07-01
Anticipated expiration: 1930-07-01

Description

C. J. JOLIDON.

MAGAZINE PIREARM.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 6, 1909,

L, Patented July 1, 1913.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 1. i l 4 @6 l QZ y M IN VENTUK.

l, TORN E Y.

C. J. IoLIboN.

MAGAZINE FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY, 1909,

1,066,206. Patented July 1,1913.

f 4 SH TS-SHEET 2. f5 -ff/ 250% d? 3/ Wag,

W1TNE5SE5-- 20 1N VEA/TOR.

G. J.; JOLIDON.

MAGAZINE PIREARM.

ARPLIGATION FILED JULY e, 1909,

LQSJQOG, Patented July 1, 1913.

` 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES.-

G. J. JOLIDON.

MAGAZINE PIREARM.'

APPLIOATION FILED JULY s, 1909.

LOQ@ Patented July 1, 1913.

` 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

WI TNESSES i IN V EN TOR.

M l 5i l critica.

CHARLES r. vonrnou, oir neutrinos-n, connaoricor.

ifiasetzinn-rinneisrr.

rosanna.

pplcation filed July G, 1909. Serial No. 506,041.

Specification of Le-.ters Patent.

l Patented July i, i913.

therefrom, and the object ot my invention tially'in section.

tral longitudinal section through the device. Fig. d is a view of the upper part of theis generally to provide a device of this class having numerous novel features of advantage and utility.

One t'orni of device embodying my invention and in the construction and operation of which the objects sought may be attained is'illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which* Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of. my improved device. Fig. 2 is a side view par- Fig. 3 is a view in cendevice with parts cut in central longitudinal section and showing the relative position or" the parts at an instant after discharge. Fig. is a view similar to Fig. d but. showing the relative position ot the parts with the bolt moved back to its farthest extent. Fig. G is a top view. Fig. l is a view in horizontal section on plane passing through the center oi' the barrel. Fig. 8 is a view in horizontal section through the traine on plane passing through the center of the barrel.

Fig. l) is a view in vertical section .through the frame. Fig; is a rear view of the frame. Fig. 11 is a front view ot' the trame. Fig. 12 is a side view ot the breech opening cover. Fig. 13 is a top view ot the saine partly in section.` 14E is an end view. Fig. 15 is a view in cross-section on plane indicated by the broken line in Fig. 12. Fig. 16 is a top view ot' the breech bolt. Fig. 17 is a view in central longitudinal section through the breech bolt. Fig. 18

is an end view. Fig. 19 is a view in cross-l section on plane denoted by the broken line in Fig. 17.- Fig. 20 is a top view of the trigger.V Fig.` 21 is a side view of the same.

A firearm cstrn'cted in accordance with my invention embodies a structure whichvr is extremely compact andthe parts of which are so assembled and connected in groups that the device may be taken apartwith little trouble, the parts coiistitutin'g each group remaining intact when the device is thus taken apart.

Frame or casa-In the accompanying drawings the numeral 2O denotes the frame or case constructedrin any desired manner and of any suitable material. It is suitably grooved, bored and otherwise formed to' contain the diiierent parts of the structure, this formation including side parts 21 between which a back piece 22 is secured, thus forming a magazine chamber 23. The side parts 21 have shoulders 24 formed on the inside thereof extending lengthwise of the handle and against which the back piece 22 is secured, and near the top of the side parts inside thereof other shoulders 25 are formed providing a portion of a. slideway for a bolt to be hereinafter described. A projection 2G extends upward from the bottom ot' a recess in the top .of the frame, this recess also forming a part ot' the slideway for said bolt and the projection forming an anvil to hold the barrel. of said bolt are'formed on opposite sides of this anvil between it and the side parts of the frame. The back of this anvil is grooved vpreferably circularly, as at 28, to receive the magazine, the top having a groove or grooves 29 to receive projections or ribs on the barrel and a butter spring recess il() extends into the anvil iti-our the trout thereof. The t'ront part of the frame has a barrel opening 3l and a bolt opening 32. A 'trigger guard is formed pre'ferably integrally with the trame, a trigger opening 2li extending from within the trig ger guard into the magazine chamber, trigger grooves being formed on opposite sides ot this opening to receive the trigger lwhich slides therein.

Borrel-The barrel 36 is of the usual tubular forni ot proper length and is constructed to tit within the barrel opening' 8l. A rib or ribs 37 is or are formed at the rear end ot the barrel on the under side when the piece is properly iassenibled, these ribs titting the grooves 29Ain the anvil. In the preferred form of construction land as shown Spaces for the reception 'fra iframe,

-ese grooves extend half Way' around fel, the ends olf the grooves terminsting in a horisontsl plane When'the parte are properly assembled end the piece held with Vie exis-of the harrel in a horizontal position und the `treme verticaln By thus turning the borrel heit turn the ribs are disenga ed from the lgrooves and the barrel may he moved with its rear end into the opening 3l or may be removed from the The opening into the rear end of the harrel is cut away at 3S at the bottom portion to facilitate the entry ot cartridges into the herr-el., and a recess 39 is formed in the of the barrel for the reception of the end of en extractor. rlf'his recess also serves as an aid in removing the holt, the parts being so oonipactly arranged in .,telting apart the barrel must be moved with its end near the t'rontl of the opening in the traine and this recess located on the under side that the impercurved portion of the forward end or the holt may pass through the recess in drawing holt from the trarne. The barrel may he provided 'with the usual sight, s detailed description of which is not deemed necessary herein.

Ereeoi bolli-The holt, 40 is of tubular construction, preferably round its tor- Wsrd end of s somewhat rectangular shape at its rear end. At the rear end is a raised projection fl-l :tor the reception ot e tiring pin and extractor to be hereinafter described. rectangulerly shaped part ot the bolt is also of freine shape having side parts 42 lwhich and slide Within the spaces between the anvil and the side parts ,of the frame. An extractor 43 is located in a groove in the raised projection /l-l, the front end ot this extractor having a lip to engage the rim of a shell to withdraw it from the berreh and a. spring underlying the rear end of the extractor to hold this lip in engagement with the shell. A tiring pin 4.4 is located in the raised projection el, the rear end orc the tiring pin projecting to be struck by the hammer and the front end of the pin being located to strike the Shell to explode 'the charge therein, rihis extractor and tiring pin are of any usual and Welllrnovv'n construction and 'further and detailed description is. therefore deemed unnecessary herein. A buffer spring l is located in the recess in the anvil and s plunger 46 is sented egsinst this spring,y this plunger having a. shoulder 4:7 to receive the holt retreating spring' Thelplunger has a stein 49 projecting into the holt'retracting spring to prevent the seme Jroni `hnclrlino.

is a well-known feet thatinthe class of automatic pistols sind tireerms generally. celled blow-back arms; yin which the breech-holt is ieldingly held and supported in its i breech closing position hy' a spring, there exists a serious Afault. This lies in the fact that the spring depended on for holding the breech-bolt closed is in theI expanded condition at such time7 and, theretore`r weakest or under least tension zit the time when it should be strongest in order to be. best fitted to support the ln'eech-bolt against yielding and nioviug rearward hc- 'tore the bullethas lett the barrel :ind thereby relieve the pressure ot' the powder gases against the breech-holt and Within the barrel. Moreover, as the breech-holt recoils it compresses the retracting spring and theV same therefore becoinesstronger as itis put under increased tension, and at the time when less strength or tension is required of it. ln order to overcome this fault inherent to pistols ot" this class in which there is, in addition to the 'tension of the retricting springA only the 'inertia of the breech-bolt to resist and delay its opening, the weight of the breech-bolt and of the parts moving with the same, and therefore. the inertia, has iu some cases been increased in order to positively insure that the bullet shall have passed fromthe borrel before the breech is opened to such a degree as to allow the powder "ases to escape-rearward from the borrel; hut the additional weight ot' the moving parts required for this purpose is objectionable in pistols of small caliber, the Weight of which should be as little as practicable. `By the novel construction embodied in the mechanism described herein* the same object-is attained Without increasing the Weight of the moving parts. For this purpose l employ a breech-holt retracting spring of a strength merely suiiicient to return the parts to their forward position, and l reinforce this breech-bolt retracting spring by providing a strong spring so confined between abutxnents on the breech-holt, and on the stationary frame of the pistol, that. its tension is exerted to yieldingly keep the breech-bolt in its closed tiring position. The tension of this second spring is however thus exerted only during' a small part ot the firstrearward movement ot the breech-bolt, thereby delaying the opening of the breechbolt long enough to insure that 'the bullet has leftl the barrel before the breech is opened to a degree to allow the gases in the barrel to escape rearward.

lVhen the movement ot' the breech-bolt has been delayed sufficiently to positively insure that the bullet has left the borrel, the support of the spring against the frame is automatically reifnoved7 so that the spring is no longer confined by theabutment on the frame, but is at both ends supported by parts connected with the breech-bolt, in consequence of Which the tension of the'seoond or retarding spring is no longer added to that of the breech-bolt retreating spring, which then alone continues toy oppose the Loaaaae y rearward movement of the breech-bolt, and t-he force which acts to move the breech-bolt vforward is thus reduced at the time when the breech-bolt reaches its farthest movement rearward, and at which time this torce should be the weakest.

At the end ot the forward or closing movement under the energy stored in the reaction-spring the breech-bolt is returned to the tiring position, and the Contact oi the second or retardin-g spring against an `abutment on the frame is automatically restored, so that, lon firing, the tension of this retarding spring is again added to that of the retracting spring in opposing each opening movement of the breech-bolt. My improved mechanism for eitecting this result may be constructed as follows:

The breech bolt is located in the bolt opening 32, the Jforward end projecting beyond the frame and underlying the barrel. A portion of this bolt opening is rectangular in form to fit the rectangularly shaped part of the bolt, and the mouth of the opening is of circular form, fitting a round part 50 of the breech bolt. A cam lock 51, in the term of a sleeve fitting over the tubular part 52 of the breech bolt, is of a size to enable it to pass into the mouth ol the bolt opening' 32, and the opening through this sleeve made larger on one side ot the breech bolt than at the oppositel side as clearly shown in F ig. 2 of the drawings, so that the sleeve has a tipping action on the tubular part oi' the breech bolt whereby said sleeve, in one position, engages the frame-about said opening and is thus preventedfrom entry thereinto. A cam slot 53 extends through the wall of this sleeve, which slot receives a Cam actuating pin 5'1- extending from the side of the tubular part otl the breech bolt. A cap 55 lits over the end of the breech bolt, this cap being of a size to receive the end ot the sleeve or cam lock 51. A breech bolt retarding spring 56 is located within thiscap and is held thereby to thrust the cam lock against the end of the trame. The breech i' bolt retracting spring 48 is located within the tubular part 52 of the breech bolt, this spring encircling the stem 49 and being seat- A edagainst a shoulder on the plunger etti.

The opposite end of the spring receives a 'removable head 5S that is secured to the tubular part of the breech bolt as by means of a tubular pin 59 which receives a pin G0 for holding the cap 55 in place. lt will thus be seen that the tubular pin 5.9 serves a double purpose, that of holding'the head in place and also to receive the pini for holding the Cap. It will be seen from this construction that when the gunis fired the breechbolt is driven backward against the tension of both the retracting spring @i8 and the retarding spring 56, since the 4end ot' the lock 51 rest-s against theframe and forms an jectile, the latter clearing the muzzle of the barrel and relieving the pressure therein ust after enough force has been exerted upon the breech-bolt. to move it backward to its'full extent, this opening of the breech,however, not occurring at a time to allow the powder to escape rearward from the barrel. Ecc/c piece-Abad( piece Gl is formed to tit the groove between the side parts 2l of the trame and close the opening thereinto, this back piece as hereinbefore described resting against the shoulders 24. It has at its upper end an abutment G2 to receive the impact of the breech bolt in its backward movement. A groove G3 is formed in the trent edge of this back piece in which a hammer ti-t and a sear G5 are pivoted. A-

sear spring 6o holds the sear With its end firmly in engagement with the notch 67 in the hammer. trigger spring`68 is also secured in this groove, its upper end being bent as at G9 to form a curved part to coni tact with the end of the trigger, to be hereinafter described:V 'A hole 70 extends depthwise through this back piece just beyond the groove (525 and a plunger 7l is thrust by a main lspring 72 against the back of the h animer, :is-shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings. rlhe lower end of this hole is closed by a magazine catch 'T3 pirotally mounted as at 'ift and having a tip 75 extending into the main spring. This catch thus serves as a seat for the mainspring and the latter also serves a double function, that oi" throwing the hammer against the firing bolt and also` to maintain the magazine-catch in position to hold the magazine 76 1n place. The trigger T7 1s mounted in the opening 3-l and has a loop preferablyY integrally formed there-- with, the side parts of this loop sliding freely in the trigger grooves 35. Thisloop is oi a shape to vadmit the magazine 76 which is passed through the loop when the magazine is placed in position. The opening in the loop is of a size to permit the necessary movement ot' the trigger to disengage the senr-tail trom` the hammer. A trigger `disengaging cam 93 is formed on the inner edge of the back-piece in position to engage the end 9-1 of the trigger to move. it downward, thus disengaging the trigger and sear after the latter has been released from the hammer. The sear is thus free to Amove into position to engage the hammer and hold it even though pressure on the trigger may u i. .ceases notI have been released, and this prevents inadvertent discharge of the firearm.

ri retainingI `pin 7 9 for the iiring pin eX- tends through the breech bolt, lying in a rfcess in ne tiring pin to allow the proper movement thereof to explode the cartridge. This pin extends on opposite sides ot the breech bolt, and links S are pivotally mounted upon the projecting ends of this pin. These links extend downward and ure provided with slots Sl at their lo'iver ends anl intermediate their ends with guide pins These guide pins are located in guide grooves 83 in the bach-piece 22 and the links prevent any upward movement of the breech boltivhich it will lthus be seen is guided in its sliding movementby a pivotal connection, which, however, is so arranged that the breech bolt is permitted to slide in a araight plane. l

a cover Si closes the openingin the top ot the frame, this cover having at its front end a lip resting Within the space hetween the barrel and the part, containing the barrel opening 31, the lip in fact resting` Within said barrel openin. This cover has a shell opening1 8G through which the shells are ejected. At the rear end of the cover a lool; recess 8l' is formed Within `which the end or" a locking ever 88 engages, the end of this lever. being provided with nger piece 89 by nieans of which the lever is operated to disengage the lever 'from the cover and allor-7 the latter to be removed,

The projection on the breech bolt has a 'recess 90 Within which is locateda nad 91 from the cover, and an ejecting knob 9:2 pro- 'rom said pad into said recess. rhese parts cooperate to extract the shell, which drawn from the barrel by the extractor as' the breech boltmoves forward, the edge ci the shell projecting beyond the recess 90. As the. breech bolt moves backward one side of the edge o' the shell strikes the knob holding, this edge against movement while. the extractor continuing:r to move with the breech bolt, tips the smell and-'throws it through the opening, thus' rejecting it,

The operation of ,the lirearin, briefly stated, is as follows: The part/s being inthe position shown in Fig. 3 the trigger being moved backward, disengages the scar from `the hammer and the latter is thrown forward under the force of the main spring 79 striking the firing pin 44s, orcingit against the cartridge and exploding the latter. The Tases of explosion expanding; behind the bullet act upc-n the breech-bolt tending to force it backward agains the tension. o the bolt retracting; spring 4S and the retarding aprilie 5G. The latter being; of suicient "cnigth retards the movement or' the breech noli so that the breech not. opened sul-ttiesenti@Y 'Sio n "he powder gases 7 e inusi- 1C Uri zle or the barrel. The slight rearward movement oi the breech-bolty causes the Cam actuating; pin 54 to move the cam lock 51 into registering position with the mouth of the bolt opening 32. When the cam is in `position to enter the mouth o the opening the resistance of the springe-5 is removed and the breech-bolt moves backward quite freely, resisted only by the force oit' the bolt retracting spring 48. the breech-bolt moves backward the extractor 43 engaging the lip on the end of Jthe cartridge Shell eX- tracts it from the opening in the barrel, and

the end of the shell striking the knob 92,!a'-

continued backward movement of the eX- tractor tips the shell as shown in Fig. 5, ejecting it tl'irough the opening 86 which has been uncovered in the backward movement o the breech bolt. An inadvertent repetition of the discharge is prevented by the mechanism hereinbet'ore described.

l claim l. A trame forV a firearm including side parts `with an opening along the rear edge,'a back-piece removably secured in said opening and forming the back wall of a magazine chamber, a barrel mounted on the frame,

firing mechanism including a Sear mounted on said baclcpicce, said back-piece also having a cam, and a trigger slidably mounted in the 'frame to engage said scar and also said cam to disengage the trigger from the Sear.

2. frame for a firearm including a handle forming a magazine chamber, a plunger located in the handle, mechanism connected to be operated 'by said plunger, a spring underlying the plunger, a magazine located in the magazine chamber, a magazine catch to hold the .magazine7 said spring pressing against the catch 'to hold it in engagement with the magazine.

3. A frame for a irearm including a handle forming a magazine chamber extending lengthwise therein and an opening extending lengthwise through-the back Wall of said chamber, a plunger located in said chamber, a spring underlying said plunger,

- also serving as abutment for said spring,

mechanism to complete the operative parts of the lirirearm.

frame for a firearm including a handle forming a magazine chamber, a hammer pivotally mounted in the frame, means 'tor exerting force upon the hammer, a sear to hold the hammer against movement, a cam projection located at the back of the magazine chamber, a spring1 secured to the bficlrof said chamber, and a trigger slidably mounted in 'the frame and arranged to engage said sear and said spring, and also to said projection to disengage it from scan,

-aoeaaoe 5. A frame for a firearm including side parts with grooves therein, a back-piece closing the opening along the edge and forming one Wall of a magazine chamber, a ham'tner pivotallj7 mounted in the back-piece, means for exerting force upon thc hammer, seaito hold the hammer against movement, a cam projection located on the back-piece. a spring` secured to the back-piece, and a trigger slidably mounted in said grooves and arranged to engage said sear and said spring, said trigger also arranged to engage said projection to disconnect it from the sear.

6. A iframe for a iircarin including side parts with grooves therein, a back-piece closing the opening' along the edge between said side pieces and forming one wall of a magazine chamber, a hammer pivotally mounted on the back-piece, means for eX- ert-ing force upon the hammer, a sear pivotally mounted on the back-piece to hold the hammer, a spring secured to the back-piece,

a projection from said back-piece, a tri 'ger slidably mounted in said grooves and herring a loop through Which the magazine passes, said trigger being movable to engage the sear and spring and also to engage said `projection to disengage it from the sear.

7 In' a tiring mechanism for a firearm including a hammer with means for operating it, said operating means including a plunger to engage said hammer, a spring exerting force upon said plunger, and a magazine catch against which said spring thrusts to hold it in engagement with the magazine.

`8. In a tiring mechanism for a firearm, a hammer with means for operating it, said operating means including a plunger to engage said hammer, a spiral spring exerting force against the plunger, and a magazine catch also receiving the thrust of said spring to hold it in engagement with the magazine.

.9. In a firearm, a piece removably secured to the frame, a hole'extending lengthwise through said piece, a4 hammer pivotally mounted in said piece, means for o erating in saidy the hammer, a spiral spring locate hole, and thrusting against said means, and a magazine catch upon which said spring is seated, said catch operating to hold the magazine in position.

10. A frame for av iirearm, iiring mechanism mounted therein and including a breech block slidable alongthe rame,'linls pivotally connecting the breech block with the frame, guide grooves, studs upon the links engaging said grooves, andineans for op-V erating the firing mechanism.

1l. A frame fora firearm, firing mechanism mounted in the frame and including a vbreech block slidably mounted thereon, links pivotally connecting the breech block with the frame and having enlarged ivot openings at their ends, curved gui e grooves,

studs from said links engaging said grooves, and means for operating the tiring mechamsm.

l2. A trame for a firearm, firing mechanism including a breech bolt movable on the',l

trame to be operated by the gases of explosion, means for yieldingly resistiugmove- .ment of the breecl'i-boltj'means for operating the tiring mechanism, a movable loclr positively engaging saidgtramc and connectedl with the breech bolt, and a second means to yieldingly resist the backward movement oit the breech-bolt. l

13. A frame for a firearm having an opening, firing mechanism mounted on the frame and including a movable breech slide, means ior operating the iiring mechanism. a sleeve lock surrounding the forward end of the breech slide and oi' asize to pass into said opening in the frame, and connections. between the breech slide and sleeve lock to disengage the latter from the frame' to permit it to pass into said opening.

1 la. A trame having an opening for a reeoh slide, tiring mechanism mounted in,v he frame, ineans'for operating the tiring mechanism, a sleeve surrounding the breech slide and arranged to pass into said opening, and a camconnection between the breech slide and sleeve to disengage the latter from. the trame and permit it to pass into said opening.

l5. A traine for a firearm, tiring mechanism, including breech slide projecting through an opening` in the frame, means for. operating the tiring mechanism, a sleeve surrounding the projecting part of the breech slide but of a size to pass into said opening, said sleeve having a cam slot Aand a pin projecting from said breech slide-into said cam slot to disengage the sleeve from the edge of the opening.

16. A frame for a-firearm having an opening, a breech slide projecting from said opening, firing mechanism mounted in the frame, means for operating the firing mechanism, a sleeve loci; having a lateral movement on said projecting breech slide and ar-r ranged to engage the edge ot said opening,

lY t

s a cap fitting over the projecting part of the,`

breech slide, a spring within Said cap thrusting against the sleeve lock, and connections between the lbreech slideand sleeve lock for disengaging the latter from the edge of said opening.-

17. A frame for a firearm having side parts forming a recess, an anvil projecting from a wall of a recess in the frame with openings between the anvil and each Side part, firing mechanism Amounted in the frame and including a breech slide having side parts located on each side of said anvil, a barrel removably held by said anvil, and

lmeans for operating the ring mechanism.

18. A frame tor-a firearm having a recess, aan

firing mechanism mounted in the frame, means for operating the tiring mechanism, an anvil projecting 'treni a n'all of the recess in the frame, a l irrel removably engaging said anvil, said anvil haring a recess for a butler spring', a bui-lier spring located in said anvil, a breech slide included in the firing mechanism, said breech slide projecting beyond the end of the frame, means `for temporarily holding the breech slide against movement under the influence of the exploding gases, and means for causing the butler spring' to receive the shock of the breech slide in its backward movement.

19. A frame for a firearm, firing' mechanism mounted in the trame, means 'for operating the liring mechanism, an anvil projecting from a Wall of a recess in the frame., a barrel removably held by said anvil, a breech bolt included in the tiring mechanism, a buii'er spring mounted in a recess in the edge of 'the anvil, a plunger seated against' said buffer spring, a breech bolt retract-ing spring mounted on said plunger, and exerting force upon the breech bolt, a lock to retard the breech bolt in its backward movementy under the forces of explosion, and

lmeans for ope-ratingl said lock.

20. A frame for a firearm, firing mechanism mounted in the trame, means or .operating the firing mechanism, a breech bolt` included in the firing mechanism and. projecting beyond the front end of the frame, a lock to retard the breech block in its backward movement under the forces of explosion, means it'or operatingn said lock, a breech bolt retracting spring, subular pin to hold said retracting` spring, a spring thrust-- ing against said lock, a cap to hold said spring, and a pin extending through said cap and through said tubular lpin to hold the cap in place.

2l. A 'frame for a firearm, ring mechanism mounted in the frame, means for operating the firingr mechanism, a breech bolt included in the tiring mechanri, and with its iron; tubular end project-ing eyond the front end of the frame, a retracting spring,` located in said 1laibular portion et the breech bolt, a locking sleeve mounted in said tubular portion, means for operating said loclr, a tubular pin to hold said retracting spring, a spring to thrust against said lock, a, cap litt/ed over the tubular end of the breech bolt to hold said latter spring, and a pin extending through the cap and through said tubular pin to hold said cap in place.

22. In an automatic firearm, a frame, a breech-bolt, sliding in the iframe, a retracting-spring supported between the Le and the breech-bolt for yieldingly holding said breech-bolt in firing position, a second spring supported between the frame andthe breech bolt independent of but reinforcing said retracting-spring and automatic means incense for removing and replacing the support on the iframe oi saidsecond spring, whereby said spring caused to reinforce the retractfing-spring only while the breech-bolt is in the. closed position and during the beginning the opening Increment oiy the same.

23. ln an automatic firearm, a frame7 a. barrel carried by the frame, a breech-bolt slidingf in the frame for opening` and closing the barrel and having a lengthwise eX- tension, retracting-sin'ing supported between the iframe and said extension for yieldingly holding' the-breech-bolt in firing position, a second spring supported between a ined abutment. and a movable abutmenty on said extension, and means operated by the movements of the breech-bolt for holding said movable abutment in position to be supported by the frame, and for releasing,l said abutment from the frame and adapting it for slidingin the frame, whereby the second spring,f reinforces the retracting-spring only when the breech-bolt is in tiring position and during the irst, part of the recoil of the same.

Qfi, in an automatic firearm, a frame, a barrel carried by the tf-rame. a breech-bolt sliding the frame for opening and closing' the barrel, and'haif'ing,-v ay torward extension alongside the barrel, a retracting-spring suppmted between the frame and said extension tor yieldingly holding said breechbolt in {irl-g position, a second spring supported betacen aixed abutment and a movable abutment on sai-:l extension, and 0perat've means carried by extension for holdingl movable abutment in position 'to be supported by said 'trame and Yfor releasingsaid abutment from vthe 'frame and adap g it for sliding in said frame, Wheresaie second spring; reinforces the retracting-spring only While the breech-indio is in ,tiring position and during; the iirsc part o'i ne. an automatic lfirearm, a. trame, i .in mounted in the trame and slidi .p breech bolt, plural oi? srinp, mounted to reard the opening movement ai the breech-bolt, and means eet-ing during` the opening movement or' the breech-bolt to remove a portion or' tension of said springs as an' element in opposing said opening movement.

26. A frame for a firearm, a barrel fixed in the frame, firing mechanism including a breech-bolt movable on the frame to be operated by the gases of explosion, means for yieldingly resisting the operation of: the breech-boit, means for operating` the, tiring mechanism, and a movable sleeve positively engagingL said 'frame and connected with the breech-bolt,- to yieldingly resist its rearward movement.

27L frame for irearm, a barrel iXed the recoil. or the .in the frame, i'ii'iln4 mechanism including a sleeve and said bxjecch-lolt for disengaging movable breech-bo t, means ier operatlng .v the sleeve :from the frime the firing lnecl'ianiem, a movable sleeve posi.- i

tively engaging seid rame,-an elastic means I CHARLES J' JOLIDON' between said sleeve and said breech-bolt tc Witnesses:

yieldingly resist the movement of said ARTHUR B. JENKINS,

breecli-bolt, and connections between said l'LENA E. BERKQVITCH.