US1061792A - Elastic-fluid turbine. - Google Patents

Description

G. WESTINGHOUSE.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE,

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 28, 1009.

Patented May 13, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

ENTOR IN FACT 5 A /JA TTORNE Y G. WESTINGHOUSE; ELASTIC FLUID- TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 28, 1909.

Patented May 13, 1913.

3 SHEETS-8HEET 2.

/Af/I TTORNEY IN FACT. W.%ZMA

G. WESTINGHOUSE.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLIOATION TILED JULY 28,1009.

T A 17 m N F 1; m mm B R m 3 W 2 6 T m 0 m +1 :ATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE nan-meadow, or PITTSBURGH rnNNsYLvAmA, AesIoivon, BY MESNE seem time, "so can COLONIAL are '1 COMPANY, TRUSTEE, or rxr'rssonon, Pn'nvama, .a CORPORATION or PENNBYLVANIA.

131L792 flr t n of L e lqatant. Patented May 13, .1913.

014mm! application filed Aspect 8, 19%, Serial We. 19,731. Divided and this application filed July 28,

190B. Berla!'No.510,078.

To all whom it may fincemi The nozzles 14 and 15 are located within Be it known that I Gnome Wns'rmothe turbine, extend peripherally around the HDUBE, a citizen of the limited States, and a casing and deliver motive fluid to the ini- 5f" resident of Pittsburgh, in the county of tie] stage of the turbine. 5 Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have The delivery of motive fluid to the invented new and useful- Improvements in turbine is controlled by a primary valve 16 tlastic-Fluid Turbines, of which the folwhich regulates the passage of motive fluid lowing is a specification, this application be thromgh the admission port 8. Asecondary 6O ing adivision of an application filed by me valve 17 controls the delivery of motive on August 6, 1904, Serial No; 219,731. fluid to the passage 11. These valves are This invention relatesto turbines and pargovernor controlled and their operating ticularly to governing means for such enmechanism is so adjusted'that the valve 10 'nes. admits motive fluid'to the turbine through An object of this invention is to produce the nozzles 14 during normal loads on the .;a simple and efiective governing means turbine and the valve 17 admits additional which-will render theturbine more eilicient amounts of motive fluid to the turbine durunder all normal loads and render it capaing excessive or over .loads. The ar'ran bio of car 'ing largeekverloads with h1 h ment is such that the valid; 16 opens periofi economy. his and other objects I attain cnlly and admits intermittent puffs of mo- 20 in an apparatus embodying the features tive fluid through the nozzles 14 during herein described and illustrated. light loads. The duration of the pulls in- .In the drawing accompanying thi apcreases as the load on the turbine more plieaticn and formin a part thereof, Figuntil, at some predetermined load, the valve ure 1 is a fragments lon itudinal section 16 ceases to close, but continuing to pulsate 26 of a turbine equipped with my invention; admits a continuous stream of motive fluid;

Fig. 2 is a section along the line 2-2 of githe turbine. As theload further-increases [Fig., 1, the valves and val e operating t e secondary valve 17 starts to open periodimechanism being removed; Fig. 3 is a-transcally and to admit motive fluid to the turverse section illustrating the valves and the bins through the. nozzles 15. The pufi's of 30 valve operating mechanism of the turbine; fluid admitted by the secondary valve 17 and,Fig.4 is a fragmental view showing a increase in duration as the 10nd increases turbine governor in connection with a floatuntil at some predetermined overload both ing lever which forms adeigil of my insetsof nozzles 14 and 15 are delivering convention. tinuous streams oi motive fluid to the tur- 35 My invention is illustrated in connection 6- 50 and respectively communicate with the flui with a double flow turbine, but it is ap- The valves 16 and 17 are contrclled by a plicable to various types of turbines and is governor 18 through the agency of pilot in no way limited to the'type of turbine or valves 19 and 20 and fluid actuated valve the specific details illustrated. operating motors. I will now describe a 4 The turbine shown coil ists of a rotor ele- Preferred form of valve operating mecha' ment 6, on which the rotating blades are fl y Tnounted, anll an inclosing casing or'stator The P 'y Operating means 00!! element 7 on which the stationary vanes are Slsfs f H p n 21 mounted on the stem of mounted and which is provided with a mothe a ve 16 and located within a cylinder 45 five fluid inlet, port 8, The po -fins gmn- Q2. Motive llllld isadmitted to'thecylinder22 municates directly-with a spiral passage .9 below the piston 21 throu h a restricted oriand through a secondary port 10 with a lice 22wh1ch is continual y open and which spiral passage 11. The passages 9 and 11 cmnmunicates with a constant supply of are formed in and extend around the casin motive fluid. The fluid 'pressure thus ad- I d mitted raises the piston 21 against the presdelivery nozzles 14 andl5 through the ports surc of a s Jring 23 and opens the valve 16'. it 12 113. r The cylinder 22 is exhausted through an eahaust passagia 2% controlled by the pilot valid-19 and which is of such cross-sectional area relative to thehdmission orifice 22 thatgche pressure in the cylinder drops to approximately exhaust pressure when the passage 24 is open and permits the spring "23 to close the valve.

' ton 25 is mounted on the stem of the valve 17 and is located within the cylinder 26. Motive fiuidis delivered to both sides of the piston 25 so that it is balanced and the valve 17 is held closed by means of a spring 27 located in the cylinder above a piston 25.

The motive fluid is delivered to the cylinder above the piston 25 through a restricted orifice or passage 25 and is exhausted therefrom through ample passages 28 and 28, the latter of which is in direct comn1unication with the atmosphere or with the condenser to which the turhine is connected. Communication between these passages is controlled by the pilot valve 20. VJhen the exhaust passage 28 is open to the exhaust. the pressure in the cylinder 26 below the piston 25 overcomes the pressure of the spring 27 and raisesthe valve 17. q

The pilot valves 19 and 20 are reciprocated by means of a system of links and levers which is actuated by the turbine governor 18 and a reciprocating-member 29. The system of links and levers includes a lever 30 which is fulcrumed on a sleeve 31 -oztthe governor 18 and is pivotally connected at one end to the reciprocating member 29. The other end of the lever 30 is connected to a bell-crank 33 by means of a link 34 and the bell crank is pivotally connected to a rod 35 which operates a shaft 36, and through the shaft and operating levers of the pilot valves 19 and 20. ,The member 29 is actuated by 'a cam 37 which is driven through suitable gearing by the shaft of the turbine. The sleeve 31 on which the lever 30 is fulcrumed is actuated by the balls of the gov ernor 18, and, consequently, the position of the fulcrum of the lever 30 is varied in accordance with the speed of the turbine. These variations in the position oi the lever 30 change the planes of reciprocation of the pilot valves.

The pilot valve 19 is so arranged that ,the valve 16 opens periodically during light loads on the turbine and delivers puffs of motivefiuid to the working passages of the turbine. This is accomplished, by so constructing the pilot valve 19 that it periodilight loads on the turbine and thereby exhausts the motive fluid from the cylinder 22 and permits the valve to close. As the load on the turbine increases and the speed dccreases, the lever 30 is lowered by the gov prnor balls; this phanges the plane of oscillation or of reciprocation of the valve 19 so that it opens the passage 24 later on its upward stroke and closes it earlierron its down ward stroke. At about full load on the turbinc, the lever 30 occupies such a position that the period during which the cylinder 22 is in communication with the exhaust through the passage 24 is so short that the valve 16 does not reach its seat but merelyoscillates or )ulsates in response to rocations oi tie valve 19.

The pilot valve 20 is so constructed that it does not open the passage 28 until the valve 16 has ceased to close. It

recip then starts to periodically open the passage 28 and by exhausting the upper portion of the cylinder 26 permits the valve 17 to rise against the pressure of the-spring 27. As the load increases on the turbine the lever 30 is finally raised to such a position that the period during which the passage 28 is closed is so short that. sufiicient pressure does not pileup above the piston 25 to close the valve 17. lVhile the valve 17 is open it never ceases to oscillate or pulsate in respouse to the reciprocations of the valve 20.

' other means.

What I claim is: i

1. In a turbine, a normal load valve, a

plurality of normal load nozzles communieating therew1th, an overload valve, a plurality of overload nozzles communicating" therewith and a device for controlling the delivery of motive fluid to said nozzles in accordance with the speed of the turbine and for pulsating the fluid passing said valves.

2. In a turbine, a'normal load fluid inlet,

an overload fluid inlet, a plurality of fluid ports leading from each of said inlets to the primary portion of the turbine, a valve in each of said inlets, means for opening the valve more or less in accordance with the load demand of the turbine, means for opening'the valve in the overload inlet fin accordance, with the load demand of the turbine when said 'normal load valve is fully open and means for pulsating the fluid pass-' ing said valves. 7

3. In a turbine, a normal load fluid passage,

an overload fluid passage, a plurality of fluid ports leading from each of said paswith the load demand of said turbine, means for opening the valve in .the overload passage in accordance with the load demand of said turbine when said normal load valve is fully open and means for pulsating the fluid passing said valves. i

4. In an elastic fluid turbine of the double-flow type, a plurality of normal load divergent nozzles discharging towardthe exhaust of each end of the turbine, a plurality of normally inactive overload divergent nozzles discharging similarly to the normal load nozzles, a governor and means controlled by the governor whereby upon an overload motive fluid is admitted to all of said overload nozzles simultaneously and whereby ,the durations of said overload admissionsere made dependentnpon the degree of the overload.

5. In an elastic fluid turbine of the double-flow type, a pluralit of normal load nozzles discharging towar the exhaust of each end of the turbine, a plurality of normally inactiveoverload nozzles discharging H similarly to the normal load nozzles, a governor and means controlled by the governor whereby upon an overload motive fluid is simultaneously admitted to all of said overload nozzles and the durations of said admissions are made dependent upon the de- Geo. WESTINGHOUSE.

Witnesses:

Geo. J. TAYLOR, H. C. TENER.

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