US1058384A

US1058384A - Statuary-copying machine.

Info

Publication number: US1058384A
Application number: US72724012A
Authority: US
Inventors: Ernst Peters
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1912-10-22
Filing date: 1912-10-22
Publication date: 1913-04-08
Anticipated expiration: 1930-04-08

Description

PETERS. STATUARY COPYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 0013.22, 1912.

. @5 3 4 Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

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B. PETERS. STATUARY COPYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED 00122, 1912.

Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

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y Y :J: 39 II E. PETERS. I STATUARY COPYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED OUT. 22, 1912.

Patented A r. 8, 1913.

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Wihmua: 7% 4 ERNST PETERS, F BERLIN-KARLSHORST, GERMANY.. V

STATUARY-COPYIN G MAGHIN E.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

Application filed October 22, 1912. Serial No. 727,240.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, Enus'r PETERs, a citizen of Germany, residing at Berlin-Karlshorst, Germany, have invented new and useful Improvements in Statuary-Copying Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a statuary copy- I mg machine of that type in which the set of tools, comprising mechanically driven tools and feeler, is mounted to rock'in one of two frames pivotally connected together. This frame carrying the set of tools will hereinafter be termed the tool frame. The other frame, hereinafter termed the supporting frame, rocks about two. pivots journaled in stationary bearings. All three axes of the combined tool and supporting frames constituting one transmission frame the axis of oscillation of the set of,

tools and the two axes about which the frames oscillate, are parallel to one another. The set of tools comprises several tools, e. g.- milling tools, and a feeler having parallel axes. The axis about which the set of tools rocks is parallel with the plane passing through the axes of the tools. This arrangement enables the tools to work every point I in a plane and to undercut the work-pieces at places in the plane. In known machines of this type, when guiding the tools for working the work-pieces, the entire mass of the transmission frame and. the mass of the various weights used for balancing the frame and the set of tools had always to be driven with i l/Vhen the transmission frame is constructed in the usual manner the arrangement of several balancing weights in statuary copying machines enables only clumsy workin and simultaneously causes inaccuracies in workmanship, because the transmission frame cannot be made suliiciently rigid and free to oscillate, particularly for continuous working, orthe rigid frame and the usual arrangements of weights are too unwieldy or cumbrous when constructed in known manner. In another type of machine the tool frame is made elastic as a jointed parallelogram, for the purpose of being able to make undercuts, the same running at right angles to the plane of oscillation of the fixedly mounted frame. Both in this flexible construction of frame and also in the rigid construction of pieces could be mech ,the preliminary work,

sculpture or for the transmission frame known heretofore only relatively small motive forces for maintaining fairly proper workingof the machine could, however, be transmitted to the mechanically driven set of tools. In the known mac ines, therefore, the Workcording to the model either'onlyrelatively coarsely or imperfectly, and then. had to be removed from the machine, in order to be subsequently worked u by hand in the case of delicate models, t ereby generally entailing very tedious and expensive work, or such machines worked properly only at first when there was'no play at all in their joints.

In my improved statuary oopyin machme comprising a perfectly ri i tool frame it is possible towork two, our and more work-pieces simultaneously according to one given model, and with a degree of accuracy unobtained heretofore, by means anically worked' ac-' of the mechanically driven set of tools for and employinglarger mechanical forces than heretofore, while by employing a separate, mechanically or manually driven set of tools-for the delicate work it is possible to reproduce all the detailsv of the model in all the work-pieces simultaneously, without the work-pieces and model being removed at all from the machine, almost or ing by hand.

These improvements which are exceedingly mechanical preliminary work by constructing the framework in the eneral form of a rhomboid, which is pre erably suitably stiffened by ties, has relatively little weight, and does not warp, bend or become otherwise deformed even when transmitting larger mechanical forces than those used heretofore; secondly, by an ingenious arrangement of one single counterweight for balancing both the transmission frame itself and also the mechanically driven set of tools, readier movability of the transmission frame and a diminished load on the same being obtained; and, thirdly, by the imentirely without'retouchimportant for mechanical copying statuary are ob tamed according to the invention, firstly, by making the tool frame specially adapted for proved construction of frame which enables a separate set of tools to be used for the delicate or retouching work of the worki panying drawings,

pieces without removing the same from the machine, because my rigid frame enables work-pieces to be worked delicately in common in a certain, exact and steady manner such as has not .been known heretofore for the delicate finishing work in statuary copying machines. I

The set of tools for delicate work is able to move in various ways, as compared with the set of tools for the preliminary work, reldtively to the common bearing for the two sets of tools in therigid frame, so that when this set of tools'is employed for the delicate work the tool and supporting frames can be fixed rigidly relatively to its axis of oscillation and only be displaced when the set of tools for the delicate work has completely worked the surface passed over by it 'and 18 to be adjusted for a new surface.

The holding device for the work-pieces and for the model is formed as a Slide which can be shifted laterally bymeans of an endless screw. This arrangement of the slide is necessary in order to be able to make undercuts not located in the plane of oscillation of the transmission frames by means of the mechanically driven set of tools.

The invention is illustrated in the accomwherein 1 are'general views in per the copying machine, Fig.

Figures 1 and spective showing .1 showing the set of tools for the delicate ran ement of the set of tools for t wor work, and Fig. 1 showing the mechanically driven set of tools for the rough or preliminary work; Figsu'2 and 3 are elevation-and top plan view, respectively, showin the are detail Fig.: 2 is a detached detail view. Figs. 4 to 7 are detail views, enlarged,-showing details of this arrangement; Fig. 8 is a perspective View showing the construction and arrangement of the tool frame; Fig. 9 is a diagram showing a known balancing1 device, and Figs. 10 to 16 are diagrams 5 0wing my improved balancing device in various positions; r

The copying-machine shown in Figs. 1 and 1 comprises a work-piece slide 2 mount-- ed in known manner on a bed-plate 1; this slide 2 can be shifted laterally by means of anendless screw 2; the work-pieces 3 and the model are suitably mounted on the slide and canbe moved uniformly one I withanother by means of devices not comprised in the present invention. The bedplate 1 has at each side a bearing. bracket 4, in which is journalcd a shaft 5 about which the transmission frame can rock. This. frame forms a arallelogram' having the pivotally

c'imnected sides

6, 7, 8 and.9,-of which the sides 6 and. 7 subjected to compression and bending strain are formed of two

rigid frames

6, 7 each of which is stiffened by frame-work havin substantially the outline of a rhomboid. T e tool frame 7 is nor-laces preliminary work. When the work-pieces have been preliminarily worked by means of this set of tools, this set is substitutedby a set of tools 12, the details of which are shown in Figs. 2 to 7.

The set of tools 12 for the delicate work will hereinafter be termed the scraping device as these tools principally exercise a scraping action. It has at least three possibilities of movement corresponding to the three principal directions in space. Preferably, each tool can rotate about its longitudinal axis in addition.

he side members of the frame 7 are provided at their front ends with bearings 13 in which the shaft 14 is journaled, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. A

carriage

15, 16 is movable on this shaft; this carriage is formed of a tube or sleeve 15 which surrounds the shaft 14 with play and carries at each end three rollers 16 by means of which it can readily move to and fro on the shaft 14. This tube or sleeve 15 carries casings 17 in which the sleeves 18 of the spindles of the tools can move longitudinally. Guide rolls 24 and 25 insure the sleeves 18 moving readily. The tool spindles 21 are located in the sleeves 18 and are revoluble about their longitudinal axes in ball-

bearings

19 and 20. Belt-pulleys 22, connected together by steel bands 23, are keyed on the top ends of these spindles, so that all the spindles always rotate axially in the same manner.

In order to produce a uniform lifting motion of all the tool spindles of the set of tools 12 for the delicate or finishin work, the device which will now be described is mounted on the sleeves 18. Bearings 26, in which a shaft 27 is journaled, are provided on the rear of the casings 17. This shaft 27 carries pulleys 28 about which the steel bands 29 are passed and attached at .30. These steel bands run over the guide rollers 25 and are attached at 31 to the sleeves 18 of the tool spindles. The longitudinal movement of the sleeve 18 of the tool spindle carr ing the feeler is imparted by the shaft 27 to all the others. In order to equalize the weight of the tools tending to rotate the shaft 27 I provide a counterweight 32 (Fig. 7) which slides with. guide rollers on a bracket 33 attached to the

carriage

15, 16, and is connected by a steel band 35, over a roller 34, with a segment- 36 fast on the shaft 27. The movement of the entire set of tools 12 about the axle 14 is equalized by. constructive arrangements. A

tensioning device

37, 38 serves for preventing the carrings 15 of the set of tools 12 being bent,

guided.

' mechanical particularly, during delicate work for moving the worm.

While the shaft 14 is prevented from being bent by .counterweights 39 provided on its ends projecting beyond the bearings 13.

When the described arrangement of tools is being used for finishing work, the supporting frame 6 is fixed and only moved when a new surface is to be worked. The following device, shown in Fig. 1, is used for fixing the supporting frame. The supporting frame 6 rocking about the axle 5 carries at its lower rotatable about two pivots. spindle 41, mounted to rock in 1, able to be rotated by means wheel 42, engages in this nut. The top of the frame 6 carries at one side a toothed segment 43 gearing with a worm 44 journaled in the frame 7. A hand-wheel 45 is provided The fixing device can be disconneetedwhile the one set of tools is doin preliminary work, so that the supporting Frame can then rock aboutits axes.

In order to prevent the shaft 10 twisting both during the preliminary work with the y driven set of tools and also,

by means of the scra )mg device 12, the frames forming the

sides

6 and 7 of the parallelogram are stiffened in an improved manner, as mentioned above. The mode of st-ifi'enin is diagrammatically shown in Fig, 8. Each of the frames consists of rods, tubes, angleirons or figured iron or the like, so as sembled that each frame has the general outline of a rhomboid which, in theconstruction shown, co

prises two, foursided pyramids having their, bases placed one on the other. The

points

50, 51, 52 and 53 correspond to the corners at the bases of the pyramids,- while the points 54 and 55 are the apexes. The

sides

50, 51 and 52, 53 of'the frames carry the

pivots

56 and 57, about which the entire frame rocks. The apexes 54 and 55.

of the pyramids are connected by a rod 63. The

sides

50, 51 and 52, 53 are lengthened both ways beyond the corners of the pyramids and carry the axle 10 between them at one side; in the frame 7 When tightening these ties'all the rods form-- pyramids are compressed and all the ing the frame-Work rods as well as the rod 63 connecting the apexes of the pyramids are tensioned. Also, the stiffening could'be effected by shortening only the rod 63 by means of a rod-strainer.

By tensioning the members of the frame jected to tensile,

end a nut 40 whichis. A threaded= the bed-plate of the han'd- In this case t e the center of tions .of the distances (Fig. 1) this' axle 10 carries the set of tools. The forces combination with a be the frame is rotected from trembling. The members of the frame constantly subcompressive or bending strains damp the oscillations of the frame which are produced byuthe varying resistance of the tools, or by free forces of masses (acceleration pressures) resulting during the operation of the tools.

The device for balancing the weight of the frame and tools is so arranged that all the Weights are com letely counterbalanced in every position 0 the frame by one single weight. In similar machines two separate weights were employed heretofore; Fig. 9 s ows diagrammatically how they were arranged. The movement due to the weight-of the tool and of the frame 7 acting about the center of rotation of the latter was balanced by a weight 80, while for balancing the movement due to the total weight acting about the axle 5 a weight 81 mounted on-the .frame 6 was used.

According to my invention I use one single counterweight 83 .(Fig. 10) so arranged that a line connecting the common center of gravity 82 of the frame 7 and tools with the center of rotation 5 passes through the center of avity of the counterweight.

gravity 82 is always proportional to that of gravity 83, as the

triangles

82, 5, 84, and 83, 5, 85 are similar in every position of theparts,

825 and 83-5 on the horizontal are always proportional to one another, and in the position shown'in Fig. 11, .for example, simultaneously equal zero. If the center of gravit of the counterweight did not fall in the l1ne-82.5, thus have approximately the position 83 in Fig. 11, there would be no equilibrium for all positions of the arts, as the part 83-83 of the leverage-of the counterweight would not vary proportionally with the abovementioned leverage. The side 9 of the parallelogram is subjected to tension only and can therefore consist of stretched wires.

It is not necessary for the counterweight 83 to be locate "in a corner of the parallelogram as represented in Figs. 10 and 11. As shown in Figs. 12 and 16 it may be connected in any desired manner with the parallelogram, only the line 825 must always pass through its center ofgravity. Also, the axle 5 may be located outside the p'aral lelogram (Fig.'15), or on that side thereof nearest the counterweight (Fig. 16).

I claim 1. In a statuary copying machine, the

-plate having bearings, of a supporting frame mounted to rock in said bearings, a tool frame pivotally connected with the sup orting "frame, and a set of mechanically riventoolsand a feeler mounted to rock in the tool. frame,

leverage of the center of and thus' the projecframes for balancing &

the axis of oscillation of the tools being parallel with the plane passing through the axes of the tools, the supporting frame and the tool frame each having the contour of a rhomboid.

2, In V a statuary copying machine, the combination with a bed-plate having bearings, of a supporting frame mounted to rock in said bearm s, a tool frame pivotally connected with te supporting frame, and a set of mechanically driven tools and a feeler mounted to rock in the tool frame, the axis of oscillation of the tools being parallel with the plane passing" through the axis of the tools, the supporting frame and the tool frame being each formed of rods arranged in the base of two pyramids placed base to base" 3. Ina statuary copying machine, the

combination with a bed-platehaving bear-.

ings, of a supporting frame mounted to rock in said bearings, a tool frame pivotally connected with the supporting frame, and a set of mechanically driven tools and a feeler mounted to rock inthe tool frame, the axis of oscillation of the tools being parallel with the plane passing through the axes of the tools, the supporting frame and the tool frame being each formed of rods arranged in the form of two pyramids placed base to base, some of the rods in each frame being divided and connected by rod-strainers.

4. In a statuary copying machine, the combination-with a bed-plate having bearings, of a supporting frame mounted to rock in said bearings, a tool frame pivotally connected with the supporting frame, and a set of mechanically driven tools and; a feeler mounted to rock in the tool frame, the axis of oscillation of the tools being parallel with the plane passing through the axes of the tools, the supporting frame and the tool frame being each formed as a cubical framework; one single counterweight on the said both the tool frame itself and also the set of tools mounted therein, the said counterweight being ided by a jointed parallelogram whose si es are formed by the two frames and two links parallel to the two planes of the frames, the

counterweight being arranged on one of said links.

5. In a statuary copying machine, the combination with a bed-plate having bearings, of a supporting frame mounted to rock in said bearin a tool frame pivotally connected with t e supporting frame, an axle journaled in the tool frame, a carriage movable along said aXle, casings mounted on the carriage, tool spindles rotatable and longitudinally displaceable in the casings, means forlifting and rotating the spindles conjointly, and means for fixin the frames, the axis of oscillation of the too ls being parallel with the plane passing through the axes of the tools, the supporting frame and the tool frame each having substantially the contour of a rhomboid.

6. In a statuary copying machine, the combination with a bed-plate having bearings, of 'a supporting frame mounted to rock in said bearings, a tool frame pivotally connected with the supporting frame, and a set of mechanically driven tools and a feeler mounted to rock in the tool frame, the axis of oscillation of the tools being parallel with the plane passing through the axes of the tools, the supporting frame and the tool frame being each formed of rods arranged as square pyramids having their bases one on the other, one single counterweight on onl one of the said frames for balancing bot the tool frame and also the set of tools mounted thereon.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

' ERNST PETERS.

Witnesses:

OSKAR ARENDT, HENRY HASPER.