US1055570A - Alternating-current electromechanical controller. - Google Patents

Description

A. SUNDH. ALTEBNATING CURRENT ELEOTROMEGHANIOAL CONTROLLER.

APPLICATIOF I'll-lb MAY 7, 1908. RENEWED MAY 27,1912. 1,055,570. Patented Mar. 11,1913.

5 BKEETB-SHBET 1.

I WIT/(E8858:

A. SUNDH. ALTBBNATING CURRENT ELEGTBOMECHANIOAL CONTROLLER.

IPLIOATION FILED KAY 'l, 1908. RENEWED KAY 27,1912. 1,055,570;

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WIT-N58858:

A. SUNDH.

Patented Mar.11,19 13.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

. A. i i

ALTERNATING CURRENT ELEGTROMEGHANICAL CONTROLLER.

7 APPLICATION FILED MAY 7, 1908. RENEWED MAY 27,1912. 1,055,570.

WITNESSES:

A. SUNDH.

ALTERNATING CURRENT ELBGTROMEOHANIGAL CONTROLLER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 7, 1908. RENEWED MAY 27,1912.

1,055,570. Patented Mar. 11,1913.

5 SEBETSSHEET 4.

I; f/ 2:? 3/ 6 Q .a/ H I 0 Z? 77 I: 6%! l .42 x J2 El Q Owl mon es a WUQ/ Mfoz A. SUNDH, ALTERNATING CURRENT ELBOTROMEGHANIOAL CONTROLLER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 7, 1908. RENEWED MAY 27,1912.

Patented Mar. 11, 1913.

5 SHBETSSHEET wflmaoooo. W 1g M. fl giowm AUGUST UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SUNDH, or YONKERS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR. TO OTIS ELEVATOR .CO1VIPANY,-

or JERSEY CITY, .NEW JERSEY, A coRPo A'rIo pr NEW'JERSEY.

ALTERNATING-CURRENT ELuorRoMEcrraNicAL coN rR'oLLEa.

Pa tented Ma. 11, 1913.

Application filed May 7, 1908, Serial No. 431,493. Renewed May 27, 1912. Serial No; 700,681:

Stateof New York,- have invented a newand useful Improvement in Alternating Current Electromechanical Controllers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in controlling devices for alternating current motors, and one of its objects is the provision of practical and efficient meansgforcontrolling the operations of starting, stopp ng,

reversing, and accelerating alternating current motors, more particularly those used in operating electric elevators.

pr'ises means whereby a 'motor is started,

Generally speaking, my invention comstopped and reversed by means of a manually operated switch, the acceleration ofthe motor to full normal speed in either direction being effected by means of a series of mechanically operated switches which are controlled intheir movementslby the motor itself through the medium of a clutch device and intermediate mechanism;

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 illustrates atypical electric elevator system embodyingmy invention; Fig. 2 is a .side elevation of a preferred construction em bodying m 7 are detai views of various portions of my apparatus; and Fig. 8 is a wiring diagram of the electrical circuits.

Referring to Fig. 1, M designates the hoisting motor, herein. shown as an alternating current motor, which 'isconnected through the usual Worm and worm wheel mechanism contained in the casing 1 to a .llOTlSUIlg drum 2. Cables 4 are wound about this drum and extended up over suitable guide pulleys located at the upper part of the liatchway and then connected to the top of the car C. Other cables5 are wound about the hoisting drum 2 in a direction op- Eosite to that of the cables i, and are guided y a laterally movable guiding pulley. 3. These cables lead up over suitable guide pulleys located at the upper part of'the hatchway and areconnected to a counterbalance weight "W. designates my improved elec-' tro-mech'anical controlling device which is preferably connected to some movable part invention; Figs. 3, 4, '5, 6 and.

' of the hoisting apparatus, such asthe drum shaft, by a sprocket wheel 7-and chain 6.

Referring now to Fig. 2, 12 designates a metal "framework to which is attached an insulating base 11,- preferably ofslate or marble, upon which thevarious electrical parts are mounted. At the upper part of the insulating base '11 are niountedtwo similar reversing switches 13 and 13.(Fig. 8), onlyone of Which'is shown in Fig. 2, as the other lies directly behind it. Theseswit-ches comprise a switch arm 14 which. is pivoted at. 15 to a stationaryPbracket 16sejc1ired to the base 11; .At the upperv end of the pivotedswitch arm 14 is shown an insulated contact1'8," and, while any desired number of such contacts maybe carried by the switch arm, in the present instance there are but three (Fig; 8). Suitable flexible con-- 'ductors 19 connect these contacts to corresponding fixed studs 20 mounted upon the base 11. A compression spring 17 bears 'againsta downwardly extending portion of the switch arm 14 and'tends to swing the.

arm about its pivot 15, thereby causing the contacts 18 to electrically engage corre sponding fixed. contacts 63. in alinement therewith. '26 and designate a magnet frame and winding therefor, respectively, which are suitably. mounted. upon'the back of the base 11: and arranged ,to co-act with a, magnet armature 27 carried by a lever 22. The latter is piv'otedat, 21 to the bracket 16- and is adapted to engage ,the roller 23 carried by thefswitch arm 14. Since the pivoted lever 22 and connected armature 27 are massive in form and haveconsiderable Weight, they will tend to-swing downwardly and exert a strong pressure against the roller .23, thereby forcing the switch. arm 14 outwardly against the action of the compression spring 17. ;A stop 64 maybe provided to limitthe downward movement ofthe armature lever 22. Referring now to it will be seen that the sprocket wheel 8, which is preferably connected by a sprocket chain to the drum shaft of the hoisting apparatus, as beforepointed out in connection ,with Fig. 1, rigidly connected ,toa worm .9 and'adapted to rotate in a, bearing 4.6 at-' tached to the frame 12. The worm 9 meshes with a worm wheel 44- which, together with Figs.;,2, 41,5, hand 7, I

ment with the gear 40 and are normally out of mesh therewith. A rod 31 is connected at one end to the lever 33 by a pin 32, and

the other end of the rod isconnected by a in 30 to a lever 82. This latter is secured y a set screw '79 (Fig. 7) to the rod 29,

which is free, to rotate in the brackets 64 and 64' mounted upon the back of the insulated base 11. Directly back of the lever 82 as seen in Fig. 2, is a bell crank lever 28 (Fig. 7) which is loosely mounted on the rod 29. One arm of this lever is connected through the rOd 31 to the pin 39 upon the swinging lever 33. The other arm of the lever 28 has a flattened portion 28 which is arranged in vertical alinement with the pivoted armature 27 of the reversing switch 13. A compression spring 52 lies in a recess in the base 11 and bears against the lower arm of the bell crank lever 28, thereby holding the fiat ortion 28 in close engagement withthe pivoted magnet armature 27. Secured to the rod 29 by a set screw 80 is a lever 81 having a flat portion 81 which is arranged in vertical alinement with the pivoted magnet armature 27 of the reversing' switch 13. .Acompression spring52 'bears against the lever 82 and tends to rotate the rod 29 and thereby hold the flat portion 81 against the magnetarmatune 27.

The gear 65 is connected through a clutch j device F (Fig. 5) to a sprocket wheel 48.

p This clutch F is shown in section in Fig. 5

and comprises a shaft 34 upon which is v keyed the gear 65. This shaft is arranged to rotate freely in a'bearing 12 which may be formed integral with the frame 12, as

'shownfor, if desired, maybe a separate piece connected to the frame. One end of the shaft 34 is provided with a head 34 of larger diameter thanthe shaft 34 and between which and the gear 65 are located the swinging arms 33 and 33'. On the other I side of the frame 12 and upon the shaft 34 is located a loose collar 67, adjacent which is loosely mounted the sprocket wheel 48 having a friction surface 48 on one face. A corresponding friction element 69 is securely fastenedto the shaft 34 by a pin 70 and a compression spring 68 located between the collar 67 and sprocket wheel 48 holds the friction surface of the sprocket wheel in in'timate contact withthev co-acting friction element 69.

A cap 62 is secured by screws to the sprocket wheel 48, and this cap is so shaped with respect to the friction element 69 that it forms therewith a chamber 71 which may be filled with oil, an opening, normally closed by a plug 72, being provided for that purpose. This cover 62 also serves as a protection against the entrance of grit-or other substance onto the friction surfaces 48.

Upon rotating the shaft 34 by means of the gear 65, the friction element 69 will be positively driven thereby and the sprocket wheel 48 will also be driven because of the frictional engagement between the two, owing tot-he pressure produced by the spring 68. The sprocket wheel 48 is provided with a sprocket chain 47 which passes over two guide pulleys 49 and 50 pivotedto the frame 12 at 49' and 50, respectively, and the ends of this chain are connected to similar weights 73 and 74. v

designates a vertically movable cam which is connected to the guides 58 and 59. The lower guide 59 serves as a support for the cam. The portions of the cam 60 which pass through these guides are reduced in size and are preferably square or rectangular in section so as to prevent any turning movement of the cam. The cam 60 comprises twocam faces 60' and 60" lying in the same vertical plane, and an intermediate cut-away portion 61. The cam face 60 is longenough to span the four rollers 54, 55, 56' and 57. The cut-away portion 61 ismade long enough to span any two adjacent rollers, while the cam face 60" is of sufficient length to span but three of the rollers before mentioned. The rear of the cam 60 adjacent the support 59 is extended as shown (see Fig. 6) and is provided with holes through which both ends of the sprocket chain 47 freely pass. "The weights 73 and 74 are of somewhat larger diameter than the holes in the cam extension, and the chain 47 is of such length that the weights 73 and 74 are held substantially in contact with the lower side of the cam extension when said extension rests on the support 59.

The cam 60 is arranged to operate a series of similar circuit closing switches which are clearly illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4. In the present instance I show but four of these switches, although any desired number may be used, each switch being adapted to close a circuit to the magnet of a corresponding electrically operated switch which will be described hereinafter. Each of the switches adjacent the cam 60 comprises an insulated roller, such as 56, which may be constructed of wood, fiber, or other suitable material, and is arranged to rotate freely at one end of a switch lever 75. This lever is pivoted on a rod 77 supported brackets 83 which are formed integral with a supporting frame 53 attached to the insulated base 11. I The switch lever 75 "has a flattened contact face 75' adjacent to which is a fixed contact 78 mounted upon the insulated base 11. A compression spring 76 tends to move 'the switch lever 7 5 inwardly and bring the contacts 75 and 78 together, but the contacts are normally held apart by the cam 60 engaging the roller 56. a

The switch 51 (Fig. 8) is one of four similarly electrically operated switches substan-. tially like the reversing switches 13, 13 mounted upon the upperpart of the base 11 excepting as to the number of electrical contacts included. Each switch 51 has by pref erence but two movable contacts and two corresponding fixed contacts cotiperating therewith. The number of electrical contact?i may be more or less than two if de-' s1re I The operation of the apparatus above de-v scribed is as follows: Upon closing a circuit to the magnet winding of the reversing switch13, the magnet is energized to lift the armature 27 and move the lever 22 away from the roller 23, thereby enabling the spring 17 to close the switch 13. As soon as t e armature 27 is lifted, the 'bell crank lever 28 is rocked by the compression spring 52 about the pivot rod 29. I This movement causes the connecting rod 31 to swing the lever 33 and connected gear 35 about the shaft 34 as a center untilthe gear 35 meshes with the large gear Upon closingthe reversing .switch- 13, the motor and hoisting apparatus areset in motion and the sprocket 8 connected thereto. will slowly rotate. This sprocket 8 is now "connected through the train of gears and friction clutch F to the sprocket 48, and the same will rotate in one direction or the other, depending on the di-- rection of rotation of the hoistin gmotor. We will assume that the sprocket .48 is fric-' tionally driven 'in a clockwise direction asviewed in Fig. 2, in which casethe weight 73 will be lifted, carrying with it the cam While the wei ht 74 will descend, the" chain 47 passing reely through the hole in the extension of the cam. As the cam 60 rises, the roller 57 will move off of the cam face 60, therebycausing the contacts of the connected spring-pressed switch to electrically engage each other and thus effect the energization and operation of the corresponding switch 51. As the cam continues to move upwardly, the next roller 56 passes off of the cam face 60" and the springpressed lever connected thereto is enabled to effect the connection of its contacts, thus effectlng theoperation of the magnet switch cooperatlng therewith. Directly after the roller 56 passes off of the cam. face 60, the roller 57 rides up onto the cam face 60" and the contacts controlled by this roller become separated, thereby breaking the circuit to v the magnet winding. of the switch51 and the same becomes denergized. In this man ner each roller of the series is operated successively, the cut-away portion 61 of the cam being of such length that after one roller switch has been closed it is notopened again until after the .nextroller switch has operated to connect its contahts. The cam reaches its limitof upward'movement when a the cam proper meets the supporting bracket 58, in which position the rollers 57,56 and '55 'rest'on' the cam face 60", the uppermost roller 54 being in the cut-awaycamportion 5 61 so that the switch contacts o'peratedby this roller are the only ones of the series .in electrical engagement when the canris in this position. The cam,havi'ngnow reached its upperlimitof movement, forms a-positi-ve. stop for-the chain 47 and gear-wheel 48, so that as the positively driven shaft 34 continues to rotate slippin willtake place at the friction surfaces'48 of the clutch F. This slipping continuesso long. as there versing switch 13 remains closed-and the 'hoisting'apparatus is in operation. "Upon denergizing the magnet of the reversing switch 13, however, the armature 27 and le- 23 and connected switch arm 14.0utWardly,

vex-22 swing downwardly, forcing the roller":

thus opening the switch and bringing the 1 motor and connected hoisting apparatus to rest. The armature 27 as it falls depresses the bell crank lever 28 againstthe action of its spring 52', thereby drawing the gear 35 out of mesh with thegear 40,'whereupon the cam 60, due to its weight, will fall, pulling the chain back to the position shown in Fi 2, with all parts at rest and the switch roll 5 ers 57, 56, 55 and 54 once more'resting upon vvthe cam face 60. When it is desired to opcrate the hoistingmotor in a reverse direction, the reversing switch 13' is energized, in which case its armature upon being lifted out of engagement with the rock arm 81 enables the spring 52 to rock the rod 29 and rigidly connected lever 82 so that the connecting rod 31 will'swingthe gear 36 into. mesh with'the gear 40. Thesubsequentop" erations will be similar to those already described, the only difference being that'the clutch F will in the presentinstance be rotated by the hoisting apparatus in a counter-clockwise directionythe chain 47 pulling the weight 74 and connected camupwardlyi The roller switches will operatein succession as before to close. circuits to the" corresponding electrically-opera-tedswitches 51, etc.

Referring to the wiring diagram shown-in Fig; 8, a, b and c designate conductors leading from a source of three-phasealternating current supply and L'lS a main line switch.

S designates a manually-operatedswitch in the car C, by meansof which either of the reversin'glswitches 13 or 13" may be operated; A magnetavinding25 or 25 is adapted to lift 'a heavy free core or plunger 27 or.

2i, thereby allowing a leaf spring under tension" to lift a series of contacts carried rings 86 to a delta-connected motor starting.

resistance R. 51, 5'1, 51" and 51" are electrically-operated switches which serve to short-circuit thestarting resistance in consecutive steps.

Assumingjthe lever of the car switch S v to be moved-to-the right until -it electrically engages the cont-act 87 a circuit is estabed from the ain a to contact 87 a of the car switch S, wire 88, magnet winding 25 to the main 1). The'core '27 is thereupon lifted out of engagement with the leaf spring 17 and the latter lifts the insulated contacts carried thereon into electrical engagement with corresponding fixed .contacts directly above and in alinement therewith. A circuit is closed by the switch 13 to the stator winding terminals 85 of the motor M at the same time the brake magnet B is energized and the brake released allowing the motor to start at slowspeed, the current induced in therotor winding being limited by the starting resistance R. As soon as the motor starts, the cam 60 is slowly lifted until the cut-away port-ion 61 of the cam reaches the roller 57, when the contact connected to said 'rollerengages the fixed contact 78. -This closes a circuit to the winding of switch 51 from the main 6, through wires 89 and 90,

magnet winding of switch 51, Wire 91, and reversing switch 13, to the main 0. The switch 51 is thereupon closed to short-circuit a portion of the starting resistance R and allowthe motor to run at an increased speed. The roller 56 next permitsits switch to'close as the cam 60 continues to move, thereby closing a circuit to the magnet winding of switch 51 which will operate to short-circuit an additional portion' of the resistance R, followed by a further increase in motor speed. At about this time the roller 57 rides up onto the cam face 60 and the circuit to the magnet of switch 51 is opened at the cont-act 78. The roller 55 next operates to short-circuit an additional portion of the starting resistance R by energizing the magnet of switch 51", the magnet switch 51 being .shortly after de'nergized. The cam 60 finally reaches its limit of travel with the rollers 57, 56 and 55 resting upon the cam face 60", the roller 54 alone being in the cut-away cam portion 61 and having its switch closed and the corresponding magnet switch 51 energized. This last switch short-circuits the entire starting resistance B so that the motor M runs at full normal speed with short-circuited rotor winding. Upon bringing" the car switch reversing switch magnet 25 will be ener gized and the reversing switch 13 closed to start the motor in a reverse direction, dueto the altered connections of the motor stator, the operation of-accelerating to full speed being automatically brought about as before. i 1 The system of electrical circuits herein shown, while particularly adapted to a three-phase alternating. current, could. readily be changedto suit a direct or intermittent current; or an alternating current of any desired phase, the manner'of making such changes to suit different conditions being well known to thoseskilled in the art, and for this reason does not require any further description.

It is obvious that various modifications could readily be made in the apparatus here-- in illustrated and described without departing from the spirit and scope of my inven tion, and for this reason I desire not tobe.

limited to the precise construction and arrangement of parts shown.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. The combination with an electric motor, of starting-resistance therefor, electromagnetic switches controlling the circuits of said resistance, and cam mechanism operated by the motor for controlling the operation of said switches.

2. The combination with an'electric motor, of a resistance in a circuit of the motor, electro-responsive devices controlling said resistance, and cam mechanism connected for operation to the motor to effect the operation of said devices and therebyefi'ect the control of said resistance.

3. The combination with an electric motor, of a sectional starting resistance therefor, electromagnetic switches in the circuits of said resistance, switches in the circuits of the electromagnets, and a mechanical device geared to the motor for operating said lastnamed switches.

4. The combination with an electric motor, of a starting resistance therefor, electromagnetic switches controlling said resistance, switches in the circuits of the electromagnets, a device for operating the lastnamed switches, and mechanicaloperating connections between said device and the mo tor.

The combination with an electric motor, of a sectionalstarting resistance therein the circuits of the electromagnets, and a device mechanically operated by the motor for successively closing the switches and opening each switch after the succeeding one has been closed.

6. The combination with an electric motor, of starting resistance therefor, switches associated with said resistance, a device for operating the switches, gearing connectingsaid device and the 'motor, a reversing switch, and means controlled thereby for connecting and disconnecting said gearing.

7. The combination with a motor, of accelerating mechanism operated by the motor, an electromagnetic reversing switch, and means mechanically controlled by the reversing switch for effecting the operation of the accelerating mechanism.

8. The combination with a series of elec tric switches, of a cam movable in contact with the switches and shaped to effect the closing ofthe switches successively and the opening of each switch after the succeeding switch is closed, means for operating the cam, means for stopping the cam with the last switch of the series in a closed position, and mechanism controlled by the switches.

9. The combination with a plurality of switches, oi? a cam, a rotatable member, a flexible power-transmitting device passing over said member and having its ends connected to the cam, means for rotating said member, and mechanism controlled by said switches.

10. The combination with a switch, of a cam for operating the switch, a rotatable member, means for rotating said member in either direction, and flexible power-trans having its ends connected to the cam rod,

means for operating the sprocket wheel, and mechanism controlled by the switches.

12. The combination with a series of switches, of a support therefor, a cam rod, guides .forlimit-mg the rod to a vertical movement, asprocket wheel, a sprocket chain passing over said wheel and having its leads slidably connected to the cam rod, stops connected, to the chain, means for rotating the sprocket wheel, and mechanism controlled by the switches.

1.3. The combination with a motor, of a controller board, controlling mechanism mounted thereon, mechanical power-transmitting mechanism extending from the motor to the controlling mechanism, reversing switches, and mechanical means operated by the reversing switch mechanism for connecting or disconnecting said power-transmitting mechanism. 7

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

- AUGUST SUNDH.

Witnesses:

C As. M. NISSEN, JAMES D. Ivnns.

Gopies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents. Washington, 1). G.

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