US1054411A - Detonating cap. - Google Patents

Description

E. HERZ.

DETONATING GAP.

APLwATIoN FILED SEPT. 1o, 1912.

atmted Feb. 25, 97.3

vplosifon.'

EBMUND HERZ, OF VIENNA, AUS'RIA-BSUNGRY.

DETONATING CAP.

.Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed September l0, 1912. Serial No. 719,562.

To aU whom 1i 'muy concern Be, 1t. lfnoivn that l, EDML'ND Hmz, a citi# zen of Austria. resi/dino at Vienna. Austriany Hungary, have invented a new and lin proved Detonatiug tap7 ot' which the fol lowing is a specification.

This invention relate. to a novel detonating cap containingan explosive which is designed to replaoe'tho t'ulniinatiiu;v .mercury hitherto generally employed t'or this purpose.

lfuhninating mercury has the disadvantage that it is extremely poisonous and that its manufacture is oangerous and complicated, thus ehtailingf a couiparatively high cost of production. The detonati. -pld sives, such as aromatic dia'lo conipminds which, have been suggested for replacing' the ulniinating mercury are not reliable and Jfail frequently to oli other explosives, due to a relatively sinall amount. of oxygen. so that the carbon present in 'those conipounds was insulieiently oxidized thus resulting-iii a rather lon' tcnnlieinture ot exil reliable and e lectivo detonatoi' must not only cause a violent detonating` shock, but should develop sutiicient heat to bring the explosive to beset oil lo the necessary highv temperati'u'c at its point of Contact.

`ocordinfr to niy invention. diazo comH pounds of perchloriu acid are used as det.- onating explosives more particularly for the reason thatl tney contain a large per4 centage of oxygen. 'The diazoporcl'iloratcs of the simple, as well as of the aromatio l1ydrocarbons constitute extremely powerful and rcliable (tetonating-l explosives, which' inezizponsiie may be nianutzu'tured without danger, and are lire damp prooi".

The diazoperchlorates surpass other diano salts not only in explosive power and briskness, but thoy are of superior stability and sensitiveness to mechanical influences. ln

oontradistinotion tothe diazochlorids,'diazosulfates and diazonitrates the, diazoperchlorates are scantily soluble 1n pure water, and

lare almost insoluble in water containingr erclilorio acid, thus showing a close resemM glance to the slight-ly soluble potassium perchloratcs. -This t'actl is ot considerable importance for the manu'tzu'ture ot' the iazoperohloratcs, for the reason that it a solution of an aromatic amin in perchlorio acid'in excess is mixed with sodium nitrite,

the diezo compound thus formed is precipitated as i tine powder, thus simplifying the manutan-iure thereof. -ln connection with their scant solubility, the diazoperohlorates are not hygroscopic, so that they possess a superior staoi'lity a. iinst humidity and-'may be exposed to air saturated with aqueous vapors without becoming decomposed and without an impairment of their explosive qualities. The indifference ot these salts afiaiiisty water` etc., is still increased by the presence ot' halogens, negative groups such as Clit), lUOl-li, or thi.l nitro group NO2. This latter group is more particularly adapted t'or thisl purpose, on account ot its high percentage oi oxygen. so thatthe eX- plosive power of the Haal-product is correspondingly increased. -is to the uunibe of nitro groups which may be added to tht; salt`r it may be stated that no more than two j; 'oups should be introduced, while the inavinnun ell'oct attained by adding butl a sii Asgroup. s furthermore the br ,JlinesxI of coinposiion of the diamiperehlorates is uit a high order, while thc formation ot llames i'niniuuun, percussion caps lilled with these salts arc notI liable to ignite tire damp or any whirling coal dust'.

lhe most. stable and brisk salt of perchloric acid which is adapted for filling perci..ion Caps, is the inononitratcdbcnxolcompound. lnnianufacturingl this salt.y puro crystallized nitraniliu (the motaooinpound beingy preferable) is dissolved in diluted peroliloric acid of the specific gravity of 1.19, the acid being' hon'- evcr employed to such an excess that attcr the completion ol" the reaction`v troc acid is still present'. 'lo the solution thus obtained. there isi-added sodium nitrite in such a quantity as is necessary for diaf/,otizinxe` the sodium nitrite being used either in solid forni or in highly concentrated solution. Although the. heat yfreed during' this roaction is but small. it is advisable to provide somel cooling means, inore Imrticularly ,when Working" in large quantities. The nitrodiazobenrcolperchlorate thus formed is `inimediately precipitated as a fino crystallized powder, which after settling, may be readily separated from the liquid to be then 'repeatedly Washed with highly diluted perchloric acid, alcohol and ether. The following salts may be produced in analogous manner: diazotoluolperchlorato. diazoxylolperchloyrate, diazonaphthaleneperohloratc, diazoanthraceneperchlorate. nitrodiazotoluolper# consequently best vacid solution. Ylhus for instance Jr'roni nitropnrepheng-'lenet inniin, there' may be obtained nitrobisdiezobenzolperchlorate under the condition, that nitrous acid is innintained in excess, as otherwise-triominoozoor aziinido compounds would be formed.

The igniting capacity of the above de-` scribed compounds is considerable find superior to that o" fulininuting mercury sind other detonating explosives. Thus, for instance, a charge of picric acid contained in a cartridge may be fully eriplodedA by 0.015 to 0.02 frrani of nitrodinZobenzolperchlorute. For exploding fuhr-dynamite, gelatin dynamite, clieddite, picric acid and trinitro toluol, 0.02 to 0.05 grain of nitrodiazobenzolperchlorate is .sulicient and eren the leest.

sensitive annnoniuin nitrate explosives may be set olin by O l to 9.3 grano of said perchlorate.

lfn practice, the diazoperchlorates are used either alone ond erefiled into a. shell No. 2 or 3, or they are combined with some other brisk explosive. So' for instance, l gram picric acid is filled into shell No 8 and then say about 0.02 groin of nitrodiezobenzolperchlorete is pressed into said shell. Care should however be teken to avoid a direct; contact between these tiro explosives,

so' that they will not actupon each other upon decompositionA The separation of the explosives tray be effected by4 interposingtherebetweena. sheet of tin foil, copper, etc. It is further advisable thatfthe entire charge of the shell be closed by tin foil or by a perforated sheet of copper, which besides confining' the charge, prevents any dangerous friction during the insertion of the fuse. lf desired, the shells may finally be var nislied in order to render them perfectly tight.

l detonating cap of the character' above f 'lescrihed4 is illustrated in longitudinal section in the accompanying drawing.

The numerell indicates the shell into which is pressed n chargeA 2 of say picric acid, and u superposed charge Bof say nitrodinzobenzolperchlorate. These charges are separated from each other by a sheet of tin toil 4, while a copper cap 5 connes them within shell l, said cup being perforated as et 6 for the introduction-oi" the fuse.

For the purpose of this invention.- the homologues or substitute products of the diazoperclilorates of the aromatic hydrocarbons are equivalents of the latter.

claim:

l. e, detonating cap for explosives, composed of n shell containing :i diazoperchlorate of -eneromatic hydrocarbon. Q. A detonating cap for explosives, coinposed of a shell containing a diazoperchl'orate of n nitreted aromatic hydrocarbon.

. EDMUND HERZ.

vVJitnesses t AUGUST Focene, ADA MARIA BERGER.

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