US1053501A - Electric controller. - Google Patents

Description

J. H. HALL. ELECTRIC CONTROLLER. APPLIUATION FILED JULY 27, 1911. RENEWED 00T.19, 1912.

1,053,501; Patented Feb. 18, 1913. V z $EEETSSHEET 1.

. ATTORNEY J. H. HALL. ELECTRIC CUNTROLLEE. APPLIOATION FILED JULY 27, 1911. RENEWED 00119, 1912. 1 ,053,501

Patented Feb. 18, 1913.

2 $HEETS-SHEET 2 4 i /Y. [5 W ATTORNEY sistence r to the ricg'etiv T mu Jo t it i m- -w "in r we this Frill. lihli il JAY H. HALL, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE ELECTRIC CGNTRGLLEE AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 03: CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPGRA'IZON OF OHIO.

ELECTRIC CONTROLLER.

S'pccificationpf Letters fratent.

Patented rec. is, iois.

Application filed 31 .17 27, 1911, Serial No. 640,929. Renewed October 10, 1912. Serial No. 726,808.

To aZZ whom it may concern: Be it known that I, JAY H. HAL-L, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvernents in Elect *ic Controllers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to electric c0n trollers in which magnetically operated switches are used to control electric circuits.

More i'mrticulerly, it relates-to suchcontrollers iii which on cz 'erlosd device is used to cause the sire t to he openedat one of these magnet llysopersted switches when the current A the circuit becomes too large.

It well known that the amount of current in the wi in of u magnetically-oper- ,i'eti switch t be greater to operate the tch t m to mid it in its operated position; sin

mnt of current in. the winding has operated, this rethe winding and also ption of current. o ects of my invention is to .mnticclly the decrease in current in tilt: winding of magnetic switch upon the closure of the main contacts oi the STv'ietll.

Another object my invention is to proride an overload device which shall cause the opening of motor circuit when the therein reaches a d value,

the devuilc c the urine-- controlled, (l h Eu R i any suitable V thereo starting res .tnce which is gradually cut out by the movement of an arm motor circuit completed by the operation of the main switch S actuated "y the enerou of the winding-.8. The cir hit 2 .c tending i'rom the point a is, therefore, desirable to dehe intervention of the op- 1 point a the oi-nurture A, the resistance R, end the arm B tOlllG negative.

armature A. The overload relay is shown ct Ooperzited by the winding 0 which is in the motor circuit and responds to an excess 60 of current therein. In normal operation, the'contacts 0 are closed; and when an excess of current occurs the relay 0 opens said contacts. K is a detent normally held in the position shown in Fig. 1 by the tooth or shoulder d which engages the lower end of the plunger of the relay 0. lVhen released, the detent rotates freely around the stud d under the action of a weight 'w. The plunger when releasedrests on the surface a? of the detent which is further from the stud 03 than that portion of the deteut on which the plunger .norn'iclly The operation of this controller is as follows: To start the motor the operator closes the master switch M, thus establishing on actuating circuit- :trom the positive through the contact m, through the point a, the winding .9 of the switch S,'and the contacts 0 on. the overload. relay 0 to the point a"; there the cu'rent follows two parallel paths, one of which leads through the re sister-ice r to the negative sud. the other of which leads through the resistunce.7 to the 85 The CIllP- rent in this circuit causes the u'iuiri switch S 0 close its contacts, whereupon the motor, 'cui'r established tl in the positive, the switch S, tl 1(ll1 lg 0'", the A, the sturtin u-.. it, and is to the negc' 'V arrest flows the shunt lield from the point b through the field. to the negative b. The motor then starts at minimum speed 'und is accelerated. by gradually cutting out thestarting resistance R. The opcrstion'of the switch S :tlsocliui-nges the relation of the winding s. to the resistzuice r" and 1- because the point a being new "positive, it follows that s and r are connected in par ull mid both in series with c. From the positive the current follows two paths. one rough the coil 8 and one from the point a through the resistance 7- the two paths reunite at av and the circuit tends to the negative through the resistance r. Theel ect of this change is to reduce the curzient the through the coil 5. It is not necessary that the circuit from the point a be completed to the negative through the motor armature for the winding 8 to close the switch S. In this case the current through the winding 8 and the resistance 1" must be great enough to close the switch. As soon as the contacts of the switch close, however, the resistance r is connected as a shunt around the winding .9, thereby reducing the current therein; The relay 0 is adjusted to operate whenever the current in the motor circuit reaches a certain value which is the maximum that should be permitted to flow in the motor circuit. The energization of the winding 0 is then sutlicient to lift the relay 0, which has'two effects; first it opens the contacts 0, thereby breaking the circuit through the coil 8 and causing the main switch to dropto the open position, whereupon the motor is cut off from the source of supply and stops; second, it releases the detent K which is rotated by the weight to falling to the position 10, whereby the relay O is positively prevented from closing its contacts 0 after its operatingwinding 0 is denergized. This in turn prevents further operation of the main switch S by manipulation of the master switch M. Before the motor can be started again it is necessary that the operator restore the detent' K to its running position, whereupon the relay will drop and bridge the contacts 0, making everything ready for another operation of the controller.

In the controller disclosed in Fi 2, the

starting resistance is shown divider in sections R, R R, respectively, short-circuited by the switches S S and S The operat ing windings 0 c 0 of these switches are energized by the current in the motor circuit. The resistance controlling switches S, S S are of that type of switches described in H. R. Cantields applications, Se-

rial Number 583,000, filed September 21, 1910, and Serial Number 604,331, filed January 23, 1911, and in Eastwoods Patent, No. 1,040,292, granted October 8, 1912. In these applications and in this patent particularly in Fig. 2, the switches have the peculiar characteristic of looking to the open position when the current in their operating windings is above acertain predetermined limit and of closing their contacts when the current is reduced below said limit. The motor circuit is established by the operation of a main switch S which is provided with an actuating circuit extending from the point a on the master switch M through the coil 8, and the contacts 0 normally bridged by the overload relay 0 to the point a ,where it divides, one branch leading through the resistance r to'the negative atpoint a, the other branch leading through the resistance r to the point a between .the main switch and the armature A. O is theoverload relay provided with the operating winding 0 in the motor circuit and the holdingwinding h, the purpose of which is to keep the overload relay lifted after it has operated and the motor is cut off from the source of supply.

The operation of this controller is as follows: To start the motor, the operator closes the master switch M, establishing an actuating circuit from the positive through the master switch M, the winding 8, and the contacts 0 on the overload relay to the point a, where the circuit divides, one branch extending through the resistance 1" to the point (i the other branch extending through the resistance r to point a and thence through the armature A, the resistances R, R R, and the winding 0 to the point a where the two branches reunite and are connected to the negative through the winding 0. The energization of the winding 8 causes the switch S to close its contacts, whereupon the motor circuit is completed, current flowing from the positive through the switch S, the armature A, the resistances R R It, the operating winding 0 of the switch S, and the operating winding 0 of i the overload relay 0 to the negative. The

current in the motor circuit being limited only by the starting resistance, the first resistance switch S is locked to the open position until, due to the acceleration of the motor, the current in the winding 0 decreasesto that value at which the switch S is adjusted cooperates Then the switch S will close its contacts, short-circuit the resistance section R and connect the operating winding 0 of the switch S in the motor circuit. The short-circuiting of the resistance section B" causes a rush of current which locks the switch S to theopen position till the speed of the motor increases sufiiciently for the current to diminish to that value at which the switch S is adjusted, to operate. At that moment the switch S will close its contacts, short-circuit the resistance section R and connect the operating winding 0 of the switch S in the motor circuit. Likewise the last resistance switch S will first lock out and then close its contacts and short-circuit the last resistance section R The motor now runs at full speed and its circuit is traced from the positive through A, the contacts of the switch S, and the winding 0 to the negative. It will be seen that the operation of the switch S shortcircuits the windings 0, c and c Consequently, the switches S and S drop to the open position, and the switch S would drop too, were it not for the holding'winding H which is energized as soon as the switch S has closed its contacts, the holding circuit being traced from the point a through the the switch S, the armature.

necaeei holding winding-H the hri'dging piece or the switch S and the contacts thereof to the negative. The switch S is, therefore, held closed by the energization of the winding H As-soon as the switch S closes its contacts the resistance r is connected in parallel with the coil 8, current flowing from the positive through the master switch M, the coil 8, the contacts to the point a, and

to the point a, where the two branches unite and the circuit further extends through the resistance r and through the winding 0 to the negative. As in the case of Fig, 1, this reduces the current in the win ding s and the heating'therein. The shunt field circuit is traced from the point 5 through the field l3 and through the winding 0 to the negative. When an overload occurs the overload relay 0 is operated and opens its contacts 0, thereby deenergizing the winding 8 of the main switch S and causing the said switch to open its contacts, which in turn 0 ens the motor circuit. The holding winding H of the switch S 'is also deenergized and the said switch drops to the open position, but the overload relay is maintained in the open position by the holding circuit which extends from the positive through the contact at on the master switch, the winding h of the relay 0, and the operating winding 0 thereof to the negative. The winding h is not strong'enough to operate the overload relay, but it is able to hold the said relay in the open position after it has been operated. ,Consequently, the operator must open the master switch M in order to deenergize the winding it, thus allowing the overload relay 0 to again close its contacts 0, in order that the controller may be ready for another operation. To stop the motor the operator opens the switch M, whereupon the coil 8, is deenergized and the switch S drops tothe open position, thereby opening themotor circuit.

control of a shunt wound motor, but it will be evident to those skilled in the art that it may be as readily applied to the control of a series or compound wound motor, and, that with the addition of reversing switches, a reversible motor may be controlled by the means disclosed in this specification. My invention may also be applied to any circuitwhich it is desired to control. I-claim- 1 '1. In an electric controller, a resistance, a magneticallyoperated switch, means connecting the winding of the switch to a source of supply in series with the resistance, a second resistance, means including the contacts of the switch when it closes connecting the second resistance in parallel with the winding and in series wit-h the first resistand means for opening the circuit of from the point a through theresistance r I havevshown my invention applied to the the winding when the currentithrough the switch is too large.

E2. in a controller, a circuit, a magnetically' operated switch in the circuit, a re-' sistance, means connecting the winding of the switch in series with the resistance means connecting a shunt around the winoin'g tn control the current therein upon closure of" the switch, and an overload device tor. opei1'- ing the circuitof the winding. I

3. In a controller, a circuit, a;- fniagneti cally-operated switch in the circuit, a resistance, rnea s connectingthe winding of the switch in series with the resistance, means" connecting a shunt around-the'winding'to control the current therein upon closurenf the switch, an overload device for opening the circuit of the winding, and means for holding the said device in its operated position.

4. In an electric controller, a resistance, a magnetically operated switch, means for connecting the winding of the switch a source of supply in series with the resist ance, a shunt connected 'aroundthewindin '90- upon closure of theswitch thereby :(zontfd ling'the current in the winding, anpvcrload 1 device for deenergizing the winding of said switch, and means for maintaining said winding deenergized, v

5. In electric controller, v two resistances, a magnetically-operated switch," a winding therefor, means for connecting the winding in series with the two resistances in parallel for closing the switch, and'for subsequently connecting one of the resist ances in parallel with the winding.

6. In an electric controller, two resistances, a magnetically-operated switch, a winding therefor, means for connecting the windin'g'in series with'the two'resistances in parallel for closing the switch and for connecting one of the resistances in p'arallel with the winding upon closure of the switch, and an automatic, switch for deenergizing 110 said winding. fi v 7. In an electric controller, a resistance, a circuit a magnetically-operated switch for closing the circuit, means connecting the sistance for closing the switch, a second resistanceadapted to be connected in shunt with the winding tocontrol thecurrent therein when the switch is closed, and means for decreasing the current in saidwinding when the'current in said circuit is above a predetermined i alue.

8. in a motor -control system, a motor, a circuit therefor, a magneticallyoperated switch in the circuit, two resistances, means connecting the winding. or the switch in a circuit containing the two resistances in parallel, a crcuit including one oi" the resistances and the contacts of the switch for reducing the current in the winding, and contacts in winding of said switch in series with the re- 115 circuit containing two resistances in parallel,

the circuit of the winding opened when the current in the motor circuit exceeds a predetermined value.

9. In a motor control system, a motor, a circuit theret'or, a magneticallyoperated switch in the circuit, two resistances, means l connecting the winding of the switch in a a circuit including one of the resistances and the contacts of the switch for reducing the current in the winding, contacts in the circuit of said winding opened when the current in the motor circuit exceeds a predetermined value, and means for maintaining the contacts open.

10. In a motor control system, a motor, a circuit therefor, a magnetically -operated switch for the circuit, a winding therefor, two resistances associated, with the winding, and means connecting the winding in a circuit with the two resistances in parallel to close the switch, the closure of the switch causing one of the resistances tobe connected in circuit with the winding and the other resistance in parallel therewith.

11. In an electric motor control system, a motor, a circuit therefor, a magneticallyopcrated switch for the circuit, a winding therefor, two resistances assmiated with the winding, means connecting the winding in a circuit with the two resistances in parallel to clo e the switch, the closure of the switch causing one of the resistai'ices to be connected in a, circuit with the winding and the other resistance in parallel therewith, and an automatic switch for dei nergizing the wind ing of the switch upon an abnormal condig lion in the motor windings. l

l l l stem, a moto a 1.2. In a motor control s3 circuit therefor, a main switch for closing the circuit, an operating winding therctor, an actuating circuit including the winding l and divided into two branches, a resistance l noses-e1 in each branch, one of the resistances being adapted to be connected in parallel with the operating winding upon closure of the main switch, a master switch for controlling the actuating circuit, contacts in the actuating circuit, and means responding to an excess of current in the motor circuit for opening the contacts.

13. In an electric motor control system, a motor, resistances therefor, means for con-- trolling the resistances, a main switch, an operating winding therefor, an actuating circuit including the winding and divided into two branches, a resistance, in each branch, one of the latter resistances being adapted to be connected in parallel with the operating winding to control the current therein upon closure of the main switch, a master switch for controlling the actuating circuit, contacts in the actuating cricuit, an overload relay adapted to open the contacts upon an excess of current in the motor, and means for preventing the overload relay from closing the contacts after it has operated.

14-. In an electric motor control system, a motor, a circuit therefor, resistances therefor, switches for controlling the resistances, operating windings "for the switches energized by currentin the circuit, a main switch, an operating circuit therefor, a massler switch for controlling the circuit, contacts in the circuit, means responding to an excess of current "for opening the contacts,

and a holding winding for holding the con-v tacts in the open position.

S gned at Cleveland, Ohio, th1s 21st day of July, A. D. 1911.

JAY H, HALL.

\Vitncsses llesnr L, Assisi, H. M. Dunn-1n.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Paten s Washington, D. G.

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