US1052093A - Process of briqueting and pressing fuels. - Google Patents

Description

1,052,093. Patented Feb. 4, 1913.

1111 r 2000 Am.

Illllll WITNESSES INVENTOR 7 APP/422 Bin 0r mu/MM ATTORNEYS ARrA n-RoNAY, or BERLIN, GERMANY, AssIGNoR 'ro ALLGEMEINE BRIKETIERUNGS GEsELLscHAE'r m. 3.11., or BER IN, GERMANY, A CORPORATION OF GERMANY.

PROCESS OF BRIQUETING AND PRESSING FIIELS.

Specification of.I.etters Patent.

Patented Feb. 4, 1913.

Original application filed July 21, 1909, Serial No. 508,784. Divided and this application filed April 8,

To all whom it may concern:

Be 'it known that I, Annie RNAY, a subject of the King of Hungary, and resident of Berlin; Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Briqueting and Pressing Fuels, of

which the following is a specification.

This application is a division of my earlier application on .which Patent No.

1,002,453 was issued September 5, 1911, in-

. In both the prior and the present application the processes require that all air be removed from the material to be briqueted simultaneously with the briqueting operation and a machine particularly adapted for applying both processes has been described and claimed in ,an application Serial N 0. 508,7 84, filed simultaneously with the prior application on which Patent No. 1,002,453 above referred to was granted.

That my invention may be better underused heretofore, one havlng several stages,

stood it may be stated that in making briquets and compressing small masses of material which are. to be united to form an entirety, it is necessary to remove the air fromthe said material. It may be thought,

that the air can be removedin various ways. The employment of a momentary, very great pressure like a blow first suggested itself; air is not removed in this manner to the desired extent, however, since on the one hand the air has no time to escape during the momentary percussional action, whereas on the other hand the machine is very severely strained and unreasonable wear and l :I tear produced. The same disadvantages are met with when the pressure, though not Serial N0. 619,671.

brought about by blows, is caused very rapidly and when the maximum pressure obtained lasts a definite time. Another mode of removmg the air conslstsin increasing the pressure continuously to a maximum,

whereby, sliding molds being' preferably used, opportunity is given to the air pressed to the sides to escape. operation air is removed in layers, the removal continuing gradually from the mov-' In such a mode of able stamp to the stationary counter stamp.

-Now I have found that a continuedrise of pressure, 2'. 6. when the pressure rises by exactly equal amounts per unit of timeorper each equal fraction of the time of the pressing operation, cannot insure a. completely 1 satisfactory -br1queting. This observation resulted from perceiving that the amount of the increase in pressure per unit of time or per fraction of the time occupied by the pressing operation must be brought into rethe rise of pressure per unit of time or per [fraction of the total time at disposal be brought about, whereas with diminishingad; mixture of air a rise of pressure all the greater may take place within-the unit-"of time.

.lat-ion with the admixturecof air which is present in the stage of the pressing opera tion in question. The greater the percentage-or admixture of air, the longer must For carrying my invention into practice I employ instead of'the continuous pressure preferably as many as possible; the greater the number of pressure stages, the closer the approximation to the ideal pressure curve.

Increasing the number of pressure stages has the additional advantage that the oper-= ation of removin the air from the material curve is represented by z, a maximum pressure of 2000 atmospheres brought about in 16 seconds being assumed. It is clear that at the end of the first quarter of the total pressing period 2'. 6. after four seconds, a pressure of about 120 kilos is employed; at the end of 8 seconds about 360 kilos; at the end of 12 seconds about 875 kilos; at the end of 14 seconds a pressure of about 1300 kilos; and at the end of 15 seconds a pressure of about 1575 kilos is obtained. If now the total pressure be subdivided into a number of pressure stages, 6. 9. into eight designated I to VIII, as is shown in the accompanying drawing, it is seen that the duration of the pressure stages becomes constantly shorter with increasing pressure corresponding to the line of ideal pressure curve 6'; thus the first pressure stage I lasts for about six seconds, the second II only about three seconds, the third III about two seconds, and so on, the last pressure stage VIII lasting about one-half second. The diagram clearly shows that the smaller the number of pres sure stages, the less perfectly does the actual compression curve fit the pressure curve, whereas, on'the other hand, with an increas ing number of pressure stages the actual compression curve approximates. more and more closely to the ideal pressure curve. Furthermore it follows from the diagram that as the number of pressure stages increases, the concussions which occur when passing from one pressure stage to the next, occupy a continually greater fraction of the 'total time, thereby producing an approximately continuous shaking movement favorable for removing the air.

Whereas the ideal curve 11 gives those pressures which are exerted by the operative face of the stamp, i. e. by the face of the'briquet press on the material,-;;' indicates the ideal curve of those pressures which are exerted upon the hydraulicpiston corresponding to the curve 21; a four-fold ratio of transmission is here assumed between the face of the hydraulic piston and the stamp of the press, a pressure of 2000 atmospheres at the latter corresponding to a pressure of 500 atmospheres on the former so that at any given moment the ordinate of a point on the curve j is one-fourth the ordinate of the corresponding curve 2'. From this it follows that for obtaining the pressure stages such as I, II, III, etc., in the cylinder of the press,

the machine must-be adjusted correspondingly to the pressure stages I, II", III, etc., which approach the curve 6, each of the pressure stages appertaining to the curve 71 is four times greater in the example represented than the corresponding pressure stage which belongs to the curve 9' whereas the duration of these corresponding pressure stages is equal. The number of pressure stages to be employed is dependent on the percentage of air in the material, on the porosity, granularity, density and special physical properties of the material to be pressed, size and shape of the briquets to be made, and other considerations. According to my invention I may employ it not only with materials such as coal, salt, sawdust, ore, fuels, refuse and peat, but I may also employ it for producing a rigid combination of granular, powdery, leafy, fibrous or other substances of like form, sheets of paper, metal foil, etc., for example, for the purpose of alloying metals in the press cold by producing the state termed cold-liquid." The application of the broad principles of my invention is therefore not confined to briqueting processes, but may be applied also to all other compression operations, as for example forging, wire drawing and the ike. In my priorapplication, No. 508,784, referred to, I have particularly described the process of briqueting metal chips, shavings or other waste metals, such as iron filings, steel filings and the like and have called attention to various modes of practising my invention and to various principles and ap plications thereof.

Other principles and modes of operation more particularly essential or desirable in the briqueting of material other than fuels are not necessary to be described in this application although belonging to the invention broadly.

Myinvention may be very advantageously i employed for making molded blocks of fuel adapted to the briqueting of slaty coal or' In order to form these non-briquet or mixtures of fuel which in themselves are non-briquetlng; the process is particularly lignite.

I ing materials into usable briquets, said material is first subjected to a total predetermined pressure according to the system of successivestages which have been above described; this material must be air-dry to start with and free of any agglutinant. The

- block thus formed is then subjected to a sudden maximum pressure under the influence of which that air is removed from the mass which is inclosed in the individual particles of the material and is driven out: from the lowest layers of such particles by the bitumen which is emitted at this maximum pressure. There is to be found among fuels a large number of bodies containing practically no bitumen or equivalent substance capable of becoming plastic under high pres sure and hence acting as an agglutinant. If such material is to be briqueted, in order that not too high a pressure he required in the second part of the pressing operation,

which would perhaps make the economy of r the entire process doubtful, it is preferable to add to the material very small quantities of substances'capable of becoming plastic or agglutinative only at the high final pressure.

Bituminous substances, such as bituminous slate, hard pitch, clay, clay-containing masses, lime, cement and thelike are suitable for this purpose. In individual instances it is preferable in the case of fuels to mix the binding substances with merely the outside surface of the finished briquet and to leave the core of the briquet unchanged so that the surface forms a crust containing the binding substances. The agglutinant can be applied tothe surface of the briquet in various'ways, e. g. by coating the inside of the molds therewith. Briquets having their suring fuel without the aid of an agglutinant and completely removing the air' therefrom, which consists in subjecting the fuel to a pressure which rises during a definite fraction of the duration of the pressure'by an increasing amount per unit of time as the percentage of air in the fuel decreases,

whereby a block of fuel is obtained, and in thereupon subjecting the block to a sudden maximum pressure. I v

2. The herein described process of briqueting and pressing air-dry, non-briqueting fuel and completely removing the air therefrom, which consists in mixing with the fuel a very small quantity of a substance which only becomes agglutinative under the action of a sudden, very high pressure, in

subjecting the mixture thus obtained to a pressure which rises during a definitefraction of the duration of the pressure by an I ,increasingamoun't per unit of time as the percentage of air in the materials decreases,

' whereby a' block of fuel is obtained, and-in thereupon subjecting the block to a sudden maximum pressure.

3. The herein described process of briqueting air-dry, non-briqueting fuel and completely removing the air. therefrom, which consists in bringing the fuel into the form of a body and simultaneously applying i to the surface of the bodya very small quan- '-tity of a substance, which only becomes agglutinative under the action of a sudden, very high pressure, in subjecting the body to a pressure which rises during a definite fraction of the duration of the pressure by an increasing amount per unit of time as the percentage of air in the fuel decreases,

Q whereby a block of fuel is obtained, in there-- upon subjecting the block. to a sudden maxi mum pressure.

4:. The herein described process of briqueting air-dry, non-briqueting fuel and completely removing the air therefrom,

which consists in coating the inside of a mold with a substance which only becomes agglutinative under the action of a sudden very high pressure, in placing the fuel into the coated mold and thereby forming a body and applying to the surface thereof said substance, in subjecting the body to a pressure which rises during a definite fraction of the duration of the pressure by an increasing amount per unit of time as the percentage of air in the fueldecreases, whereby a block of fuel is obtained, in thereupon subjecting the blockto a sudden maximum pressure.

5. The herein described process of briqueting air-dry, non-briqueting fuel and completely removing the air therefrom, which consists in coatingthe inside of a mold with asubstance which only becomes agglutinati-ve under the action of a sudden, very high pressure, in placing the fuel into' the coated mold and thereby forming a body and applying to the surface thereof said substance, in subjecting thebody to a pressure which rises during a definite fractionof the duration of -the pressure by an increasing amount per unit of time as the percentage of air in the materials decreases,

whereby a block of fuel is obtained, in there-' upon subjecting the block to a sudden maximum pressure, whereby a briquet'having a crust is obtained, and in then subjecting the briquet' to the action of steam.. v

6. The herein described process of briqueting and pressing air-dry, non-briquet-, ing'fuel without the aid of an agglutinant and completely removing the air therefrom, which consists in subjecting the fuel to a pressure which rises during a definite fraction of the duration vof the pressure by an increasing amount per unit of time as the percentage of air in the fuel decreases,

whereby a'block of fuel is obtained, and in thereupon subjecting the block toa sudden maximum pressure, whereby a briquet is obtained, and in then coking the surface of the briquet. s I

7. The herein described process of briqueting and pressing air-dry, non-briqueting fuel without the aid of an.agglutinant and completely removing the air therefrom, briquet, and subsequently impregnating the which consists in subjecting the fuel to a briquet with bitumen.

pressure which rises during a definite frac- In testimony whereof I have hereunto set tion of the duration of the pressure by an my hand in the presence of two subscribing 5 increasing amount per unit of time as the 'wltnesses.

percentage of air in the fuel decreases, *ARPAD RQNAY. whereby a block of fuel is obtained, and in Witnesses:

thereupon subjecting the block to a sudden ERNEST ENTENMANN,

maximum pressure, whereby a briquet is ob- PAULINE KLAIBER.

1 0" tained, and in then coking the surface of the k

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