US104873A - Improvement in the manufacture of steel - Google Patents
Improvement in the manufacture of steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US104873A US104873A US104873DA US104873A US 104873 A US104873 A US 104873A US 104873D A US104873D A US 104873DA US 104873 A US104873 A US 104873A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- metal
- bessemer
- ore
- manufacture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 32
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 50
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 50
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 241000209456 Plumbago Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 6
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 6
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 soapstone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
- C22B9/228—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation by particle radiation, e.g. electron beams
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
aimd Gllfiflire.
CHARLES MOTIER NES, OF YORK, PENNSYLVANIA.
Letters Patent No. 104,873, dated June 28, 1870.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL.
The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.
May, 1870, I have indicated some of thedifficult-ies.
which attend the'reworking' of Bessemer metal, and have described a mode. by which cast metal can be produced from the same by first decarbonizing and then ,recarbonizing the metal.
My invention differs from the above, in that it enables me to produce steel from Bessemer metal by one operation, or at one heating, without necessitating first the elimination of the carbon from the metal, and afterward the recarbonization of the same, it being my present object now to retain the carbon in the metal.
To this end, I melt the Bessemer metal which I de-.
sire to rework, in a puddling or heating-furnace, in' a bath of titaniferous ore, or other ore con tainin gtitanium, silica, and alumina, or either of these substances, mingled or not, as preferred, with cinder, the bath being of sufficient sizeto cover the metal. The silica of the ore is converted by the melting into a glass coating,
which excludes the oxygen and prevents the carbon from escaping, and the melted metal will soon become a homogeneous mass of steel, which can be run off in the usual way.
Another mode I employ of excluding the oxygen and keeping in the carbon is to first cast -the metal with p a mortar, composed of fire-clay and plumbago, or fireclay, soapstone, and asbestos, or other suitable refractory mortar, to the thickness of an inch or more, and
then place the metal, thus inclosed in its air-tight casing, in a cupola or heating-furnace, where it is kept until melted, after which the refractory outer shell or casing can be broken or tapped, and the melted metal run out. This latter mode is also applicable to the manufacture of steel from wrought iron, the latter, togcther with the requisite quantity of pig to eabonizc it, being coated, as above described, with the refrac- I tory mortar.
With either of the above-stated processes I can cmploy electricity, substantially in the manner described in my patent No. 102,146, dated April 19, 1870, to
improve the quality of the steel and render it more homogeneous.
To enable others skilled in then-rt to understand and use my invention, I will lioiwprocecd to describe moreparticularly the manner in which the same is or may be carried into efl'ect.
First To rework old Bessemer steel rails.
I cut and pile the rails in the usual way, and bind the piles with wire. These piles are placed in a pud (llingor heating-furnace, which is charged with titanic ore and ordinary mill-cinder, taken, say, in equal parts, sutficient to make a bath which will cover the piles. Instead of titanic ore, any ore containing titanium, alumina, and silica, oreither of these properties, can be employed. When the silica is melted it is converted into a glass coating, which excludes the oxygen and keeps the carbon in the metal,-and also keeps in the alumina and titanium, which serve to increase the steely nature of the metal. By excluding the oxygen the welding process will take place at once, and the melted metal will become a homogeneous mass of cast steel. If it is deemed desirable, I can insulate the furmace, and apply a galvanic battery to the same, as described in my patent of April 19, 1870, above referred to. The currents of electricity which are thus caused to pass through the melted steel, magnetize every particle of the mass, and the attraction of one particle for another, causes the whole to become homogeneous and weld quickly, a finer quality of steel, both in fiber and strengtlnof material, being'the result. After the piles have been melted, and the masswelded together, the
metal or cast-steel is run oft in the usual manner int-o molds of any desired form and size.
Second. To rework ingots or scraps of Bessemer steel.
I use from fifteen to twenty per cent. of titanic or other ore, as above specified, to one hundred per cent.
of Bessemer steel, and puddle in the same manner as for ordinary iron. The action of the silica in the ore is the same as above described, and the titanium and alumina increase the steely nature of the metal. The battery may also be used in this process for producing a finer quality of steel.
.Third. I also make use of another mode of rework ing Bessemer steel, piles, ingots, or scrap, which is similar to that above mentioned, in that it provides for the exclusion of oxygen from the metal.
I I make a mortar by mixing a refractory composition, 'such as fire-clay, soapstone, and asbestos, with water, -so as to give it the proper consistency. I then apply this mortar to the metal, so as to give it a coating of about an inch in thickness on all sides. After drying this coating over a fire, I again apply a second coat of about half an inch in thickness, which is dried in the same manner, thus, in effect, inclosingthe metal in an air-tight crucible. As many of these coated ingots as desired are placed in a cupola, where they are heated in the usual manner until the metal is melted. As the metal cannot be seen, the time required for its melting must be ascertained by experiment. I have found that when heated in the cupolo under ordinary conditions, the metal will melt in about one hour.
\Vhen this takes place, I insert a proper instrument through a door in the cupola, and tap or puncture the refractory air-tight shell, thus letting the metal run out into any-shaped mold or receptacle which is to contaiuit. By adding to the above-described mortar, plumbago, or by making a refractory mortar of fireclay and plumbago, or of other suitable refractory mateiial, I can produce cast-steel from wrought iron, by bundling up the iron with a suflicient quantity of pig to carbonize it, and then coating it with the mortar and heating it in a cnpola, as abovedescribed. I'cau thus produce a fine quality of cast-steel cheaply and quickly.
Having thus described the manner in which my invention is or may be carried into effect, 7
What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- I 1. The method herein described of reworking Bes semer steel into cast-steel, by melting the same and excluding air or oxygen from it, and preventing the escape of its carbon during the said melting operation, substantially as set forth.
2. The reworking of ingots and other suitable pieces of Bessemer steel, by paddling the same with titanic ores or other ores, substantially as herein specified.
3. The reworking or welding of rails and other pieces of Bessemer steel, by heating the same in a furnace under a bath of titanic or suitable ore and cinder, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
4. The manufacture of cast-steel by inclosing the Bessemer steel or wrought iron and pig, or other metal from which the cast steel is to be produced, in a refractory air-tight shell or casing, substantially as herein described, and then heating the sanie in a cupola, or
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US104873A true US104873A (en) | 1870-06-28 |
Family
ID=2174355
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US104873D Expired - Lifetime US104873A (en) | Improvement in the manufacture of steel |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US104873A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060281303A1 (en) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-14 | John Trezza | Tack & fuse chip bonding |
-
0
- US US104873D patent/US104873A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060281303A1 (en) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-14 | John Trezza | Tack & fuse chip bonding |
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