US10450964B2 - Variable pressure air supply - Google Patents

Variable pressure air supply Download PDF

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US10450964B2
US10450964B2 US14/944,363 US201514944363A US10450964B2 US 10450964 B2 US10450964 B2 US 10450964B2 US 201514944363 A US201514944363 A US 201514944363A US 10450964 B2 US10450964 B2 US 10450964B2
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supply line
variable valve
high pressure
pressure supply
low pressure
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US14/944,363
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US20160123237A1 (en
Inventor
Anthony Spagnoletti
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Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
RTX Corp
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Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/16—Control of working fluid flow
    • F02C9/18—Control of working fluid flow by bleeding, bypassing or acting on variable working fluid interconnections between turbines or compressors or their stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/06—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output providing compressed gas
    • F02C6/08—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output providing compressed gas the gas being bled from the gas-turbine compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
    • F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/06—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/04—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of sliding valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/12—Cooling
    • F01D25/125—Cooling of bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/60—Fluid transfer
    • F05D2260/606—Bypassing the fluid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
    • Y02T50/675—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86815—Multiple inlet with single outlet

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to turbine engines. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to systems for providing pressurized air to turbine engine components.
  • Gas turbine engines typically include a compressor, a combustion section, and a turbine. Pressurized air from multiple stages in the compressor may be supplied to various engine components. As engine power output varies, the air pressure at a single location in the compressor may vary as well. Pressurized air for a buffer system may be supplied from two or more different locations in the compressor. During low power output of the engine, the compressor pressure may be relatively low, and a relatively higher pressure location may be used to supply the buffer system. During high power output of the engine, the compressor pressure may be relatively high, and a relatively lower pressure location may be used to supply the buffer system. The rapid change between pressures when switching between the high and low pressure locations may cause damage or wear to various components supplied by the buffer system.
  • the buffer system may comprise a low pressure supply line, a high pressure supply line, and a variable valve in fluid communication with the low pressure supply line and the high pressure supply line.
  • the variable valve may comprise a low pressure orifice and a high pressure orifice.
  • the buffer system may further comprise an actuator configured to translate the variable valve.
  • the variable valve may be configured to allow pressurized air from the low pressure supply line and the high pressure supply line to pass through the variable valve simultaneously.
  • the system may comprise a low pressure supply line, a high pressure supply line, and a continuously variable valve coupled to the low pressure supply line and the high pressure supply line.
  • the system may further include a sensor configured to measure an engine operating parameter, and a computer system configured to determine a desired position of the continuously variable valve based on a measurement by the sensor.
  • the system may include an actuator configured to apply a force to the continuously variable valve in response to an instruction from the computer system.
  • a method for regulating air pressure in a buffer system may include measuring, using a sensor, an engine operating parameter, and determining, by a computer system and in response to the measuring, a desired position of a variable valve.
  • the computer system may transmit an instruction to an actuator to move the variable valve to the desired position.
  • the actuator may apply a force to the variable valve to move the variable valve to the desired position.
  • the actuator may move the variable valve to a low pressure mode in response to the sensor measuring a high engine speed.
  • the actuator may move the variable valve to a high pressure mode in response to the sensor measuring a low engine speed.
  • the actuator may move the variable valve to a position in between a high pressure mode and a low pressure mode in response to the sensor measuring an intermediate engine speed.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic axial cross-section view of a gas turbine engine according to various embodiments of the disclosure
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic view of a variable pressure air supply system according to various embodiments
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate a cross-section view of a variable valve with triangular orifices in various positions according to various embodiments
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-section view of a variable valve with circular orifices according to various embodiments
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic view of a system for regulating buffer pressure according to various embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a process for regulating buffer pressure according to various embodiments.
  • Gas turbine engine 100 such as a turbofan gas turbine engine, is illustrated according to various embodiments.
  • Gas turbine engine 100 is disposed about axial centerline axis 120 , which may also be referred to as axis of rotation 120 .
  • Gas turbine engine 100 may comprise a fan 140 , low pressure compressor section 150 , high pressure compressor section 160 , a combustion section 180 , and a turbine section 190 . Air compressed in the compressor sections 150 , 160 may be mixed with fuel and burned in combustion section 180 and expanded across turbine section 190 .
  • FIG. 1 provides a general understanding of the sections in a gas turbine engine, and is not intended to limit the disclosure. The present disclosure may extend to all types of turbine engines, including turbofan gas turbine engines and turbojet engines, for all types of applications.
  • the forward-aft positions of gas turbine engine 100 lie along axis of rotation 120 .
  • fan 140 may be referred to as forward of turbine section 190 and turbine section 190 may be referred to as aft of fan 140 .
  • aft of fan 140 Typically, during operation of gas turbine engine 100 , air flows from forward to aft, for example, from fan 140 to turbine section 190 .
  • axis of rotation 120 may also generally define the direction of the air stream flow.
  • Engine buffer system 200 may comprise low pressure compressor section 210 , high pressure compressor section 220 , low pressure supply line 230 , high pressure supply line 240 , variable valve 250 , and buffer line 260 .
  • Engine buffer system 200 may supply pressurized air to various components.
  • engine buffer system 200 may supply pressurized air to compartments for bearings 270 via bearing supply lines 280 .
  • the pressurized air may assist in sealing bearings 270 around shaft 290 .
  • engine buffer system 200 may also supply cooling air to various cavities within the engine, and supply air to anti-ice systems on an aircraft nose cone and wings.
  • low pressure supply line 230 may be located between low pressure compressor section 210 and high pressure compressor section 220
  • high pressure supply line 240 may be located between intermediate stages 222 of high pressure compressor section 220 .
  • the intermediate stages 222 of high pressure compressor section may be the stages other than the most forward stage or the most aft stage.
  • the air pressure in low pressure supply line 230 may be less than the air pressure in high pressure supply line 240 , as the air in high pressure supply line 240 has been compressed by at least one stage 222 of high pressure compressor section 220 .
  • the low pressure supply line 230 and the high pressure supply line 240 may be located in different locations, such as forward of low pressure compressor section 210 , between stages 212 of low pressure compressor section 210 , between low pressure compressor section 210 and high pressure compressor section 220 , between intermediate stages 222 of high pressure compressor section 220 , and aft of high pressure compressor section 220 .
  • the specific location may vary based on different engine and aircraft specifications.
  • variable valve 250 may selectively transmit air from low pressure supply line 230 , high pressure supply line 240 , or a combination of both low pressure supply line 230 and high pressure supply line 240 to buffer line 260 .
  • the selected supply may depend based on the pressure requirements of buffer line 260 , and the available pressures at low pressure supply line 230 and high pressure supply line 240 .
  • the desired pressure in buffer line 260 may be equal to the pressure in high pressure supply line 240 , or may be greater than is available from either low pressure supply line 230 or high pressure supply line 240 , and variable valve 250 may allow full transmission of air from high pressure supply line 240 to buffer line 260 .
  • the desired pressure in buffer line 260 may be equal to the pressure in low pressure supply line 230 , or may be less than the air pressure in low pressure supply line 230 and high pressure supply line 240 , and variable valve 250 may allow full or partial transmission of air from low pressure supply line 230 to buffer line 260 while preventing transmission of air from high pressure supply line 240 to buffer line 260 .
  • the desired pressure in buffer line 260 may be between the pressure in low pressure supply line 230 and high pressure supply line 240 , and variable valve 250 may allow partial transmission of air from low pressure supply line 230 , and partial transmission of air from high pressure supply line 240 to buffer line 260 , such that the desired pressure in buffer line 260 may be achieved.
  • variable valve 250 may comprise low pressure orifice 310 and high pressure orifice 320 .
  • the locations of low pressure supply line 230 and high pressure supply line 240 are illustrated in dashed lines.
  • Variable valve 250 may be configured to move translationally in the x-direction. As variable valve 250 moves, a relative percentage of high and low pressure air entering variable valve 250 may change an exit pressure that is supplied to a buffer system.
  • variable valve 250 may be a continuously variable valve, such that, depending on a location of variable valve 250 , variable valve 250 may allow any level of pressure between a pressure in low pressure supply line 230 and high pressure supply line 240 to be transmitted to buffer line 260 .
  • variable valve 250 may allow low pressure air from low pressure supply line 230 to pass through variable valve 250 into buffer line 260 , while preventing high pressure air from high pressure supply line 240 from entering buffer line 260 .
  • variable valve 250 is illustrated in a high pressure state according to various embodiments.
  • variable valve has moved in the negative x-direction with respect to low pressure supply line 230 and high pressure supply line 240 as compared to FIG. 3A .
  • high pressure orifice 320 is aligned with high pressure supply line 240
  • low pressure orifice 310 is not aligned with low pressure supply line 230 .
  • variable valve 250 may allow high pressure air from high pressure supply line 240 to pass through variable valve 250 into buffer line 260 , while preventing low pressure air from low pressure supply line 230 from entering buffer line 260 .
  • variable valve 250 may gradually change the output pressure to buffer line 260 .
  • an amount of overlap between low pressure orifice 310 and low pressure supply line 230 may gradually decrease, while an amount of overlap between high pressure orifice 320 and high pressure supply line 240 may gradually increase.
  • variable valve 250 may allow at least some air from low pressure supply line 230 and at least some air from high pressure supply line 240 to enter buffer line 260 .
  • a desired pressure of buffer line 260 may be between the pressure in low pressure supply line 230 and high pressure supply line 240 , and a location of variable valve 250 may be selected such that air from low pressure supply line 230 and air from high pressure supply line 240 are mixed to achieve the desired pressure in buffer line 260 .
  • a cross-section of low pressure orifice 310 and/or high pressure orifice 320 may be substantially triangular. As illustrated, in various embodiments a cross-section of low pressure supply line 230 and high pressure supply line 240 at the interface with variable valve 250 may be substantially circular. Thus, as variable valve 250 moves in the x-direction, an area of overlap between low pressure orifice 310 and low pressure supply line 230 may change, and an area of overlap between high pressure orifice 320 and high pressure supply line 240 may change.
  • a cross-sectional shape of low pressure orifice 310 , high pressure orifice 320 , low pressure supply line 230 , and high pressure supply line 240 may be any shape, including square, ovoid, rectangular, irregular, or any other shape.
  • variable valve 450 with circular orifices is illustrated according to various embodiments.
  • Variable valve 450 is illustrated near the high pressure state, wherein high pressure orifice 420 is aligned with high pressure supply line 240 .
  • a distance D 1 between a center of low pressure supply line 230 and a center of high pressure supply line 240 may be less than a distance D 2 between a center of low pressure orifice 410 and high pressure orifice 420 .
  • distance D 1 may be greater than distance D 2 , or distance D 1 may be equal to distance D 2 .
  • Variable valve 450 may be translated such that only low pressure supply line 230 and low pressure orifice 410 overlap, such that only high pressure supply line 240 and high pressure orifice 420 overlap, or such that a portion of low pressure supply line 230 and low pressure orifice 410 overlap and a portion of high pressure supply line 240 and high pressure orifice 420 overlap.
  • System 500 may comprise low pressure supply line 230 , high pressure supply line 240 , variable valve 250 , actuator 510 , computer system 520 , and sensors 530 .
  • Actuator 510 may be configured to apply a force to variable valve 250 in order to cause translational movement of variable valve 250 .
  • the translational movement may cause variable valve 250 to allow air from low pressure supply line 230 , air from high pressure supply line 240 , or a combination of both to pass through variable valve 250 .
  • Actuator 510 may comprise any type of motor capable of translating or at least partially rotating variable valve 250 .
  • actuator 510 may utilize electromagnetism, hydraulics, pneumatics, or any other energy source in order to translate or rotate variable valve 250 .
  • Computer system 520 may include a processor for controlling pressurized air in the buffer system.
  • computer system 520 may include a tangible, non-transitory memory configured to communicate with the processor.
  • Computer system 520 may be in communication with sensors 530 .
  • Sensors 530 may comprise a variety of sensor types.
  • sensors 530 may comprise pressure sensors, temperature sensors, power sensors, speed sensors, or any other type of aircraft sensors.
  • sensors 530 may comprise an actuator position sensor. The actuator position sensor may determine a position of variable valve 250 and may determine if variable valve 250 becomes jammed or stuck.
  • sensors 530 may comprise a pressure sensor in buffer line 260 . Sensors 530 may transmit readings to computer system 520 .
  • computer system 520 may operate an algorithm to determine a position for variable valve 250 in order to achieve a desired pressure in buffer line 260 .
  • Computer system 520 may transmit instructions to actuator 510 , and actuator 510 may move variable valve 250 to the desired position.
  • variable valve 250 may be a self-regulating valve.
  • Variable valve 250 may be biased toward the high pressure state.
  • a spring (not shown) may apply a force to variable valve 250 such that variable valve 250 allows air from high pressure supply line 240 to pass through variable valve 250 into buffer line 260 .
  • Pressurized air from buffer line 260 may be applied to variable valve 250 to counteract the force from the spring.
  • the pressurized air from buffer line 260 may overcome the force applied by the spring, and the pressurized air from buffer line 260 may cause variable valve 250 to translate to a low pressure state, such that variable valve 250 allows air from low pressure supply line 230 to pass through variable valve 250 .
  • a sensor may measure an engine operating parameter (block 610 ).
  • the engine operating parameter may be one or more of engine speed, power, air pressure, temperature, exhaust temperature, buffer line pressure, the variable valve position, etc.
  • the sensor may transmit the measurement to a computer system, and based on the measurement, the computer system may determine a desired position of a variable valve (block 620 ).
  • computer system in response to the sensor measuring an engine parameter, such as during engine idle, computer system may determine that the desired position of the variable valve is in a higher or lower mode.
  • the computer system may transmit an instruction to an actuator to position the variable valve to a higher or lower mode based on the desired position (block 630 ).
  • the actuator may apply a force to the variable valve to position the variable valve in the desired position (block 640 ).
  • references to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “various embodiments”, etc. indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. After reading the description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the disclosure in alternative embodiments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
US14/944,363 2013-08-26 2015-11-18 Variable pressure air supply Active 2036-02-08 US10450964B2 (en)

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US14/944,363 US10450964B2 (en) 2013-08-26 2015-11-18 Variable pressure air supply

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US201361870163P 2013-08-26 2013-08-26
PCT/US2014/043025 WO2015030907A1 (en) 2013-08-26 2014-06-18 Variable pressure air supply
US14/944,363 US10450964B2 (en) 2013-08-26 2015-11-18 Variable pressure air supply

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EP3039263A4 (de) 2016-08-31
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US20160123237A1 (en) 2016-05-05
WO2015030907A1 (en) 2015-03-05

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