US1043302A - Rock-drill. - Google Patents

Description

H. DEITZ. ROCK DRILL. APPLICATION FILED TUNE 2, 1905, RENEWED FEB. 27, 1909. 1,043,302

Patented Nov. 5, 1912.

4 SHBBTS*SHEET 1 H. DEITZ.

ROCK DRILL. APLIGATION FILED JUNI: z, 1905A BBNEWBD 1123.211909.

Patented Nov. 5, 1912` 4 .SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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ROCK DRILL. ArPLIoATloN FILED JUNE 2, 1905. mmwm) 113.21. moa.

1,043,302. Patented Nov. 5, 19,12.

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H. DBITZ.

ROCK DRILL. 1 V APPLICATION FILD'JUNE 2,*1905. RENEWEQ FEB. 27, 1909. 11,043,302..

Patented Nov.5,1912.

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NETE@ STATES PATENT tlhllhlltl.

HENRY DEIIZL OF DENVER, COLORDO.

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declare the fol'loi'ving to`b e a full, clear, and

exact description of the invention, such as will'eii'abl'e others skilled in the art to which it vain iertains to make and vuse the same, -refleren'ce being had to the accompanying drawence marked thereon, .which` orm 'a parthof this specification. ,i g

1li/ly' invention relates to improvements 1n rock drills.. In my improved construction lthe reciprocating drill member is providedv with" an air chamber ported to prevent the formation of a vacuunnbutjin the opposite extiemitieslof which the air is compressed .fbyf afpistfon located said chamber and lconnected with an actuating pitman rod or stem.

hflyiinproved construction forms a combined air compressor and drill.

The initial forward stroke of the reciprocating n ember is obtained by'coiiipi'assing the air in the forward extremity of tl e said chamber by virtue of the forward stroke of the piston. During the rearward stroke of the pistonl the fair cushion in the rear end of the chamber impartsthe rearward movenientto the reciprocating drill member, but while the latter is still .moving rearwardly b yl virtue ofits momentum the piston begins its forward stroke, andthe movement of the two velements in opposite directions, results in powerfully eonipressingxthc air in the forward end of the air chamber, and the expansion of `this air drives the reciprocating -drill member forward, causing it to strike a .quick and powerful blow. This is a new principle iii/'the operation of percussive tools.`

Having briefly outlined my improvedV construction, as well as the main function which "it is intended to perform,'l will proceed to describe .the same in detail, reference being made to the accompanying dra-win g in which is illustrated an embodiment thereof.

ln this drawing, iligure l is a side elevation of my `improved drill. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section taken through the same, parts being shown on a larger scale. Fig. 3 is aview rlooking downwardly, with the casing sectionized, the`r section being the same parts in all drie-al drill holder ROCKLDRILL.

Specification of Letters Patent. App1icatienf1ed .Tune 2, 1905, Serial No. 263,365.

Patented Nov. 5, i912. Renewed February 27, 1909. Serial No. 480,489.

taken at right angles to Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a section taken on the line 1 -4 F ig. l. Fig. 5 is a crosssection taken on the line 6-6 Fig. 3 looking toward the left. Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are views of the nature of diagrams showing the position of the parts at different periods in the operation of the device.

The same reference characters indicate the views.

Let the numeral 5 designate a suitable casingslidably mounted on a guide shell 6, the casing being provided with laterally projecting tongues engaging guide grooves formed' in the shell. rlvhe easingis shifted on the guide shell through the instrumentality of a feed screw Sthreaded in a nut 9 connected with the rear extremity of the casing. l

Mounted within the guide shell is a cyliiil0 providedwith a chamber l2 in which is located a piston 13 provided with a rod or stem 14.- whose rear ex tremity is connected with a yoke 18 actuated by a crank shaft 1G. The crank lo of' this shaft engages a two part box l? vertically slidable in the yoke which is mounted to reciprocate in the casing ,in the rear of the hollowdrill holder. it is evident as the crank shaft is rotated, the crank operating within the yoke, will impart a reciprocating movement to the piston 13. As this piston reciprocatcs withinA the chamber 1Q, the air cushions in the opposite ends of chamber. lVhen the piston is centrally located within the chamber 1Q as in Fig. 9., the air on opposite sides-of the piston within the chamber 1Q is at normal atmospheric pressure, since both ends of the chamber are in commiinication with the through the. instrumentality of ports it) and 20, circumferential chambers il and 92 and ports 253 and 2l. However, as the piston nieves past the port if) or 2O as the case may be, the air cushions in the one extremity or the other of the chamber. In order to prevent the air within the chamber l2 from escaping from one end of the chamber l2 to the other or from passing the piston within atmosphere the chamber, the piston is provided on op# posits sides with packing rings 25 held in place by plates 2G and 9,7 secured to the 'o pposite faces of the piston.

vThe chamber 1Q. of the hollow1 drill holder is closed at the rear by a .screw plug 28 through which theI piston rod the rod being surrouifuled by a pac .or 59 to form an air tight joint around the piston` exteriorly with a number of spirally arranged grooves 31, adapted to engage inte riorly projecting lugs 32 formed on the ratchet 33, the latter being engaged by pawls 34 mounted on the casing and acted on by springs 35. These pawls lock the ratchet against rotation in one direction as will be readily understood, while they allow rotation in the opposite direction. Thefunction ofthe ratchet and pawls in connection with the spirally grooved exterior of the hollow portion of the drill holder, is to rotate the latter or impart the necessary partial rota-v tions to thedrill holder, as the latter is reciprocated. By virtue -of the construction just described, as the drill holder is moved rearwardly or toward the left referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the action of the ratchet lugs engaging the spiral g'rooves of the drill holder, is to impart a partial rotation to the latter, while during the forward movement, the drill holder moves in a straight line without rotation, and the ratchet turns in a manner that will be readilyunderstood. y

The forward extremity of the drill holder is reduced in size as shown at 36 and eX- teriorly threaded as shown at 37 to receive a locking sleeve 38 which coperates with a key 39, to hold the drill 40 in place. The rear part of the sleeve 38 is provided vwith tapering walls 41 which increase in size from the rear extremity of the sleeve, to a shoulder or offset 42. The threaded part of the sleeve is located forward of this shoulv -der. The sleeve is applied to the forward 40 reduced extremity-of the drill holderl before the drill 40 is inserted in the socket or chuck: Then as the drill bit' is inserted, the key 39 is forced outwardly against the tapering wall of the .chuck If it. is desired to tighten the bit within the. chuck through the instrumentality of the keyv39, the sleeve 38 which is fashioned to receive a wrench as shown at 43, is turned in a d irection to move the chuck sleeve forwardly, whereby there is a wedging action between the sleeve andthe key, the latter being beveled to harmonizewith the taper of the rear` portion of the chuck sleeve.

In order to^-prevent the drill holdert-urn-- ing during the manipulation of the, chuck sleeve, the casing is provided with springactuatedlocking devices 44 which are adapted to turn on the forward extremities of the springs 45. When it is desired to lock the drill holder against rotation, these locking pins 44 are adjusted te enter openings 46 formed in the casing and adapted to register with the recesses 47 formed 1n the forward extremity of the drill holder. This locking position is illustrated at the upper part ofV Fig. 2, while at the lowerpart of the same figure the locking pin is thrown in the 'inoperative'position. i'

InA the construction shown inthe drawing the yoke 18, the piston head 13 lfandthe stem 14 are formed integral. This necessitates the forming of the .plug 28 in two pieces, in order to apply it to the stem 14. This feature is indicated by cross vhatching in. Fig. 2 of the drawing. The upper part .of the yoke 18 is provided1 with 'a 'guide groove A which is engaged: by a screw B inserted insthe casing. This screw acts as a guide to the yoke and itsiconneet-ions during its reciprocating movement.

As shown in the drawing a motor I is employed to rotate the crank shaft through the instrumentality of a shaft J, and gears K and L the latter being fast e111 the crank. shaft. As shown in the drawing the motor is supported by a depending bracket '48 connected with the guide shell by means of bearings 49 on the bracket, engaging lugs 50 on the shell. This bracket is held in place on the shell by means of set Screws 51 threaded in the bearings of the-brac kets. The frame of the motor is provided with a spindle 52 passing through an, ,opening formed in the bracket and secured thereto by a nut 53. The spindle is surrounded by a ste'el bushing 54, the latter being in turn surrounded by a rubber ybushing orsleeve 55, the latter serving to take up the vibrations incidentl to the drilling operation and prevent them from being communicated to the motor. This is an important feature in apparat-us of this class since excessive vibration is destructive to the motor construction and it is therefore advisable tov 'avoid this vibratory action and prevent the 105 latter as far as possible from being transmitted 'or communicated to the motor. The feedscrew 8 is journaled in a cross head '58 connected with the guide-shell by rods 57 one only being shown (seeFig. 1). 110 This is the ordinary construction, and detail explanation and illustration 'are therefore not believed necessary.

In order to permit the insertion of the ratchet 33 within the casing, the latter is 115 provided with a removable cap 58 held in place by'bolts 59. The crank shaft is journaled in removable bearings 60 and 61 provided with bushings 62 and 63. These bearings are threaded into vthe casing. The 12e bearings 60 are of suiiieient diameter to' permit the removal of the crank shaft from the casing lwhen the nut-64 has been unscrewed. Wh'en this is done the drill holder.

the piston and yoke may all be removed from the rear extremity of the casing by' taking out the plug 30. In this case it will of course be necessary that the pins 44 be disengaged from the drill holder.

When it is desired to remove a drill vbit 13g 40, a wrench is applied to the part 43 of the bushing sleeve, and the latter is turned to move it rearwardly on the chuck eX- tremity of the drill holder.'- This loosens the key 39 sutiiciently to permitV the easy removal of the drill'bit and the insertion of another, after which the sleeve 38 is turned to tighten the key on the drill bit.

Attention is called to the fact that in case the drill bit is stuck in the hole, the continuation of the rotary movement of the crank shaft, will not result in breaking any of the parts cf the' mechanism, since the reciprocation of the piston within the hollow drill holder,gwill simply act on the air cushions in the opposite ends of the drill holder chamber. This is an important fea ture in construction of this class. The key 39 is bifurcated or grooved on its inner edge to straddle one of the ribs orprojections of the cruciform drill bit. j

Fig. (3 shows the .piston on its full backward' stroke, just starting forward in the direction of the arrow; the momentum of the reciprocating drill bar causing it to 'continue rearwardly until the piston has traveled one half of its stroke forward as shown in Fig. 7, at which point the momentum of the reciprocating drill bar has been vert-omc; the full compression of the air in chamber 1Q has been accomplished and the reciprocating drill bar travels forwardly in the same direction as the piston, while the piston finishes the last one half of its forwardstroke, as shown in Fig. 8, the reciprocating drill bar traveling at a much accelerated speed, due tothe expansion of the` compressed air in chamber 12. On the rearward stroke, as shown in Fig. 6, the ports 1) and 20 have passed the ports 21 and in the drill casing and have closed again on the body of the casing; thus it -will be seen that as the reciprocating drill bar travels rearwardly toward the piston which is travelingforward, the full volume of air inclosed between piston and head' of reciprocating drill bar is compressed .as shown in chamber 12, Fig.' 7. If the drill was running wild and notcausing the drill steel to strike the rock, the action at both ends of the stroke would be the same; but

.in gi-,ctual drilling work the Amachine is'so fed to the rock thatlthe drill bit will strike at the point of greatest efficiency 0r when the reciprocating drill bar-is at its highest momentum. This must necessarily be at the time the piston reaches portQO for its return trip.- This, of course, necessitates the placing of port 21 ata point so that when the drill bit strikes the rock, the port 19 or 20 must register' with port 21 so that no compressionfwill take place in chamber in rear ofthe piston until` thedrill bit has struck the rock. This is a point to be de termined in actual practice.

The object of thev two ports 19 and 20, instead of one, is to prevent any compression taking place in the chamber in rear of the piston before the drill bit strikes the rock, even though the feeding of the machine varies somewhat, the distance between the ports representing the amount of the varia! tion and bearing the'proper relation to the width of the head of piston. If they were too close, or just 'one port, there would be compression in both the back and forward chamber when the piston head was in theAV center,' which condition I wish to avoid. If they are too far apart,` relative to the lwidth of the piston head, then the reciprocating drill bar would operate unevenly or jump, which must also be avoided. In Fig. 8 I show the drill as running wild, but in actual drilling, I stop .the reciprocatingdrill bar against the rock before it reaches its maximum stroke and while one of the ports in the drill bar registers with a port in the case. Fig. 8 also shows the position, approximately when the drill is ruiming wild an'd the piston has started on the back stroke.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. In combination in a drill, a ported outer casing, a rapidly reciprocating drill mem- -ber therein having 4an air chamber provided with ports, and a piston moving in the air chamber, said air chamber moving rearwardly by momentum after the piston has reached its rear limit, to compress the air -betwee'n itself and the piston, substantially as described.

Q. In combination in a'drill, a rapidly reciprocating drill member fhaving an air chamber,'a piston moving in the said chamber, and a casing in which the drill chamber moves, said drillchamber having "a pair of ports spaced apart approximately the width of the piston head, and a port in the casing at an intermediate point thereof to register with the ports inthe drill chamber, substantially as described.

3. A rock drill comprising a casing, a hollowfdrill holder mounted to rotate and reciprocate within the casing, a piston located in the chamber ofthe drill holder, a spring actuated device mounted" on the lcasing and adapted to engage the drill holder and prevent rotary movement when desired, a lyoke slidably mounted in the casing and rigidly connected with the piston, and means for reciprocating the yoke.

4,'Tl1e combination with a casing, of a hollow drill holder mounted to rotate and reciprocate within the casing, a piston located in the chamber of the drill holder, a 'spring actuated device mounted on the casing and adapted to engage the drill holder Ito preventrotary movement when desired,

- anda yoke suitably mounted in the casing alinement during its reciprocating movement. l

5. In combinatio'in a drilling machine, a reciprocable cylinder having its ends closed andprovided with an air port intermediate its ends, a reciprocalole piston.v therefor, .a

tool carried by one of said parts, means for reciprocating the other part, and a casing for the cylinder provided vvithan airport in position to uncover theair port in the cylinder toward the endI of the forward stroke thereof.

.In testimony whereof I ailix myl signature in presence of two Witnesses. f p HENRY DEITZ.

Witnesses: l 4

DnNA NELSON, A. J. OBRIEN.

Copies of this p'atent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissionerl of Patents,

' Washington, D. C.

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