US1042844A - Refractory material. - Google Patents

Description

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- No Drawing.

FRANK J. TONE, OF NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE CARBORUNDUM COMPANY, OF NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

REFRACTORY MATERIAL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that T, F RANK J. TONE, of

Niagara Falls, Niagara-county, New York,

have invented a new and useful Improvement in Refractory Materials, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.-

This invention relates to the use of carborundum as a refractory material, and es- ,pecially refers to a method of using the same, as a solid lining material for furnaces. My invention will be best understood by describing its application in the construction of a tilting melting furnace such as is commonly used in the melting of brass, and.

heated by oil or gas. Such a furnace consists of an iron or steel shell lined on the inposing the lining which will meet the spe-' cial requirements of this work. When carborundum is used for this purpose it must be mixed with a suitable binder, and pressed and rammed into place in the shell. It must then be dried out and fired. As one side of the lining is in contact with or in close proximity to the steel shell of the furnace, it cannot be highly heated at this point without fusing the iron; the interior on the other hand must be brought up to the high temperature of the oil flame. In order to exert proper binding action under these extreme conditions of temperature, the binder used must possess peculiar properties, and therefore, I propose to have the refractor material include a bond which is most efilictive at a high temperature so as to prevent disintegration of the inner portion of the refractory' lining which is directly exposed to the heat of the furnace, and another bond which is most efiective at a relatively low temperature, so as to prevent disintegration of the outer surface of the refractory lining. While the bond which is most effective at a relatively low temperature may become destroyed in the highly heated portions of the.- g Y lining, it becomes a flux when highlyheated and unites with the other bond, which Ina-- terially increases the binding power of the latter. It is therefore apparent that, while the two bonds are designed to respectively meet the conditions of the lining at its inner face and at its outer face, they are also des1gned to combine and increase the efficiency of the bond which is primarily designed for meeting the conditions at the inner surface of the lining. l have discovered that a mixture of carborundum, fire clay and silicate of soda of proper proportions, meets the conditions in a satisfactory manner. sesses considerable binding properties when merely dried out in the air; when heated to from 400 to 600 Fahn, its full binding property is developed; when heated to white heat, its chemical composition changes and its binding power may in cases be destroyed. Fonthis reason, the addition of fire clay is found advantageous, its binding power being only fully developed at white heat and the soda from the decomposed silicate acting as a flux to fuse the clay. The grades of silicate of soda which I have found most suitable for this work are from 47 to 50 Baum. The presence of the clay in the cooler portions of the lining does not detract froin the binding properties of the silicate of soda, and in the hotter portions of the lining the bond is due to the clay fluxed in a certainmeasure by the soda. The mixture of these two binding materials there fore provides a bond which is satisfactory for a wide range of temperature.

It will of course be understood that the present invention is of plastic material capable of being handledby means of a trowel or the like and thereby conveniently applied to the interior of the furnace and molded therein to assume the desired shape.

The carborundum employed may be amorphous carborundum (sometimes known as siloxicon or white-stuff), or crystalline carborundum may be used.

In the practice of my im ention I may use the ingredients in various proportions as determined by the thickness of the lining and the limiting temperatures. tained good results by a mixture consisting of 80 parts carborundum, 10 parts fire clay, and 10 parts silicate'of soda; and I deem these to be the preferable proportions. T

I have ob- Patented Oot.29,1l91l2. Application filed'Apr'il 25, 1905. Serial No. 257,319.

Silicate of soda is a binder which pos- "mixture forming a self sustaining refractory compound; substantially as clescribecl, 52. 1%.. plastic refractory furnace lining, including carborunclum as the major portion thereof, a boncl Which is relatively more effective at a relatively high temperature, and another boncl which is most effective at a relatively len temperature, the latter bonrl being present in a proportion of not over fifteen per cent. of the lining the noaasea forming a self sustaining refractory com pouncl; substantially as describedl.

3. A plastic refractory furnace lining, in cluding carborundum as the major portion thereof, a bond which is most efi'ective at a relatively high temperature, and another boncl consisting of silicate of soda comprising not over fifteen per cent, of the lining so the mixture forming a self-sustaining refractory compound; substantially as olescribed I i. As a new composition of matter, a selfsustaining plastic refractory furnace lining 35 material, composed of cz-nlglaty parts carborunoluin, ten parts fire clay, anrl ten parts 5 silicate of socla; substantially as clescriberl. ltn testimony whereof, l have hereunto set my hand. all, Witnesses: flSHMEz-lii G. Ronenns,

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