US1042692A - Motor-control system. - Google Patents

Description

U. KRAMER.

MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 3, 1912.

1,042,692. Patented Oct. 29, 1912.

3 BHEETBSHEET 1.

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1,042,692. Patented 001;. 29, 1912.

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Witnesses: I Inventor (fa/J JM Christian Kramer,

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Patnted 0615. 29, 1912.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHRISTIAN KRAMER, or BERLIN, GERMANY, Ass cnon TO GENERAL ELEc'rRIc COMPANY, aconrom'rmn on NEW YORK.

moroR-coN'rRoL SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

. Patented Oct. 29, 1912.

Application am media, 1912. Serial in. 701,118.

To all wh -0m it may concern Be it known that I, CHRISTIAN KBKMER, a subject of the Emperor of Germany. residing at Berlin, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Motor-Control Systems, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to devices for con trolling electric motors and has for its object the provision of means whereby an electric motor may be cont-rolled from a remote point in a simple and reliable manner.

My invention relates more specifically to the control of motors which are employed for operating rudders, Searchlight projectors and the like, the object being to provide means whereby the movement of the transmitting mechanism in the hands of an operator at a remote point will be reproduced at the motor. Devices of this kind have been commonly used, but some of them have the objection that a large number of conductors are necessary between the transmitting and receiving stations in order to obtain an equal number of control positions. The transmitting and receiving stations are frequently long distances apart and the provision of alarge number of conductors is not only inconvenient, but also expensive.

One of the objects of my invention, therefore, is to reduce the number of conductors, at the same time insuring accurate and efficient control throughout a large number of control points.

Other objects and purposes of my invention will appear in the course of the following specification in which I have shown my invention embodied in concrete form for purposes of illustration.

In the accompanying drawing which illustrates my invention in concrete form, Figure 1 shows diagranmiatically the form of device to which my invention is to be applied; Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of one form of my invention; Fig. 3 is a view of the apparatus similar to that shown in Fig. 2; and Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are modified forms of my invention.

Referring first to Fig. 1, it will be seen that this figure represents a typical form of apparatus to which my improvement is applicable. In this figure, A represents the armature and f and f the two fields of the motor, either one of which may be in circuit to drive the motor in the forward or reverse direction. This motor is controlled from a remote point by a transmitting device T consisting of a plurality of contacts, a, b, 0, d, e, and a controlling contact arm 10 which is moved over the contacts by the operator. The receiving device R consists of the controller C driven by the motor in any manner, as, for instance, through the worm gearing shown. The controller consists of two conducting segments 11 and 12 insulated from each other. For purposes of illustration, I have shown two segments separated by an air space, although, of course, in practice other forms of insulation may be more suitable. Cooperating with these contacts are a plurality of brushes, a, b, 0", d, e-, connected by wires with the contacts on the transmitting device having corresponding reference characters.

and 12 by brushes l3 and 14. It will be seen that with the parts in the position shown no current can flow to the field of the motor since the contact 0 is in the oif position. If, however, the arm 10 is moved on to contact til then a circuit will be completed from the positive side of the line through the contact d, thence to contact d, field f, motor armature, to the other side of the line. This will cause the motor to rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow until the brush (5 is opposite the space, whereupon the motor will stop. In like manner, if the controller is moved on to the contact 6 the controller may be driven by the motor a corresponding amount until the circuit is opened at the contact a. It the contact arm 16 is moved to the left into engagement with the contacts I) or a the controller will be moved in the opposite direction by the energization of the field f. It will be observed that with this device only as many 1 positions can be transmitted from the transmitting device to the motor as there are conductors extending between the two devices; in this case five.

In Fig. 2 I have shown means whereby the number of positions transmitted may be greatly increased without substantially in creasing the number of transmitting wires. Referringto this figure, which is diagrammat-in merely, the contacts a, b, 0, d, e of the These brushes are of less width than the space between the seg- 25- tween the contact plates 23 and 24.

transmitting device T are connected with the corresponding contacts a", b, ii, 6 of the receiving device R, by wires 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 through the resistances 20. Contacts (1, b, 0. d and e in this casemay be stationary, while the movable part of the transmit.

ting device consists of the two contact 7 plates 21 and 22 which are spaced from each other a distance which is greater than the 0 width of the cooperating contacts. On each side of the contacts a, b, c, d, e are contact plates 23 and 24 connected with the contact plates 21 and 22 by wires 25 and 26 and the fields f and f of the motor are connected with conductors 27 and 28 at 29 and 30.

Current is supplied to the receiving device R through the device T consisting of a contact arm connected with the positive side of the line and cooperating with the contacts g,

h and 2'. These contacts g, h and z" are conthe brush 2" is at the beginning of contact plate 24. With the parts in the position 80 shown in Fig. 2 the field circuit of the motor is open at the contact a. If, however, the movable part of the transmitting device, namely, the contacts 21 and 22, is moved to the right the circuit will then beclosed from the positive side of the line to the cont-act h,

thence to brush it on the receiving device and contact a, thence wire 15 and contact plate 21 to wire 25 and field f ,to the negative side of the line.

and 24, and the intervening contacts, to move to the left until the brush it engages contact b. In this position the motor will be stopped, since the circuit is opened at the brush 6. In like manner, as the transmitting deviceis moved through the five positions, the receiving device will be correspondingly moved until the contact (1' engages the brush g' If now the auxiliary transmitting device T is moved onto the contact 9 then the brush 9 will be supplied with current and the receiving device will be moved through five steps more. In the same way if the auxiliary transmitting device is moved so that the contact i is connected with the positive side of the line, then the brush 2" will be supplied with current and five more positions will be provided. In other words, the number of positions the motor will be afforded by said devioe'will be the product of the number of conductors between the receiving and transmitting device, in this case five, and the number of conductors from the supply circuit to the receiving device, which in this case is three,

This will cause the re- 40 ceiving device, consisting of the plates 23 making fifteen positions. It will be under- I stood, of course, that these controlling devices are in practice circular in form so that the contact 6 of the device T, for instance passes oil the insulating space between contacts 21 and 22 just as contact apasses onto it... This isbest understood by reference to Fig. 3, in .which the various controlling devices are shown in proper form and relation to each other. In this case the controller of the receiving device consists of the plates 23 and 24: separated by the four contacts a, b, 0, d, which are connected with the brushes 0, b, c and d of the transmitting device T by means of the four wires. Contact plates 21 and 22 are movable with the arm 10. The auxiliary tiansmitting device T consists of five contacts g, h, z, j, it connected with brushes g, h, i, j, 70 of the receiving controller by five separate wires as shown.

The movable arm of the auxiliary transmitting device'T is connected with the positive side of the line. By moving the arm 31 into engagement with any one of the con- I tacts g, h, i, '9', 70, any one of the brushes g, h, i, j, 70' will be energized. The fields f and f are connected with plates 23 and 24 by brushes 32 and 33. The two devices T and T are mechanically connected with each other so that to each half revolution of the arm 10 the arm 31 will complete a revolution, that is, the ratio of the movements between the two arms is two to five. With the parts in the position shown in Fig. 3 no circuit is closed since the brush a" which is energizedconnects with brush contact d which is dee-nergized. If now thearm 10 is moved to the right the segment 21 will move into engagement with the brush d so as to bein connection with brush 32 and field Then the field f of the motor will be energized through brushes z and z" to'contacts d, d, and contact 34 to field f. This will cause the motor to rotate so as to rotate the controller drum in the direction of the arrow until the brush 2'' passes off contact d and onto contact 0'. The motor will then be stopped, since the contact 0 is not now in circuit. In like manner, by moving the arm 10 so that the segment 21 engages the brushes 0, b and a respectively, the controller will be correspondingly moved. In the meantime the arm 31 of the transmitting device T" is moved forward along the contact z until it engages the contact 7', whereupon the brush 9" will be energized and the contacts a, b, 0 and d will pass under this brush and operate as before. In this case it will be seen that for each position of the transmitting device T four positions will be transmitted. Since there are five positions of the transmitting device T, twenty positions in all can be transmitted to the receiving controller.

In Fig. 4 I have shown a slight modificat-ion which consists principally in employ ing the Ward-Leonard system of control .instead of controlling the motor'directl The two windings f and f are the fie d windings of the generator G which furnishes current to the armature A of the motor. recion or the other, depending upon which of the two fields f or f is energized.

In Fi 5 I have shown another modification in which the two coils f and f are the coils of a relay, either of which may be energized to cause the relay to close the circuit to connect the motor for rotation in one direction or the other.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 6 not only the transmitting mechanism is divided into two parts, devices T and T, but the receiving mechanism is likewise divided into two parts, R and R. The controlling device T, which is connected with the positive side of the line, is provided with a plurality of contacts, A, B, O, D, E connected by wires with corresponding brushes A, B, C, D and E on the receiving device R. While in the form shown in Fig. 3 a number of contacts are inserted between the segments 23 and 24c for producing the intermediate positions between the main positions, in the present instance there is only a single contact bar 35having a length equal to the distance between the brushes A and B, etc. This segment 35 is connected by a brush to wire 36 to the pivotal point of the movable member of the transmitting device T. This transmitting device T consists of five contacts, F, G, H, I, J, connected by wires with corresponding brushes F, G, H, I, J, K on the receiving controller R. This controller is arranged as in Fig. 1 and consists merely of two segments 11 and 12 and is driven by the motor M. The brushes 32 and 33 are likewise'in engagement with the contact segments 11 and 12 and connect through the resistances r and 7" with the fields f and f, which in this instance I have shown merely as being the fields of the exciter X for the generator Y which supplies the motor. The two receiving devices It and R are connected together mechanically in such a manner that during one-half revo lution of the receiving device It the receiving device R rotates half a brush. The two transmitting devices are so connected mechanically that during a complete rotation. of the device T the transmitting device T is rotated one contact. lVit-h the parts as shown. in. the drawing the circuit is from the positive side of the line through the contact C, to the brush G of the receiving device R, segment 35, conductor 36, to the contact H" and to brush II. If now the arm of the transmitting device T is moved on to contact I then the brush I of the receiving device It will beenergized and cur- The motor will be driven in one di-,

rentwill pass to the segment-1 12, brush 33, I

resistance r and field f; This'istarts the motor thereby shifting the se out 12 to such a position as to interrupt .t e'circ'mitat contact brush I. This process will be repeated until the contact device T is moved ceiving device and from there directly to the field f of the exciter. The motor M is thus started and rotates the contact segments 11 and 12' of the receiving device It in the direction of the arrow. .At the instant when the segment 11 connects the brushes F and H the receiving device R rotates one brush division farther. This is caused by the fact that the brush D simultaneously engages. the segments 23 and 35. This causes a divided current to flow through the conductor 36, contact F, contact F, thence to the resistance r, and field f. Since, however, on account of the resistance r, the energization of the field f is less than that of the field f, the motor will continue to rotate in the same direction until the brush F passes oil the segment 11. By further movement of the transmitting device T the receiving device R will be moved correspondingly. -Attention is here called to the function of the resistances r and r. The transmitting device T must be adapted to be moved to any position without regard to the position of the contact and during these movements current interruptions must not occur in passing from one to the other. This is obvious since otherwise the control ling arm might stop at some position, as for instance between contacts J and F, and the controlling arm of the transmitting device T would find itselfbetween the contacts D and E. If in this case interruption of current should occur the. motor M would not be moved and the device would be destroyed. Thus in order that no interruption of current may take place two contacts must be engaged simultaneously. Assume in this case that the arm of the transmitting device T touches simultaneously the contacts C a'nd'D while the controlling arm of the transmitting device T touches simultaneously contacts J and F, the receiving device R being in the position indicated on the drawing. Current flows from the positive side of the line throughthe contacts 0 and D in parallel, thence to the contacts C and D in parallel. From the brush D current passes directly to the field f of the motor, exciting the latter while from the brush C current passes through the conductor 36 to the brushes J and F, and thence in parallel to the brushes J and F of the receiving device R. The field f is thus energized through the resistance r and since the resistance 1" is practically short circuited, the field f will be almost fully energized. If the resistarice two fields would be equally and oppositely energized. The motor therefore rotates in a direction corresponding to the excitation of the field f but the movement is correspondingly slower. The motor will therefore move until the contact segment 11 connects the brushes F and J, brushes-C and D at the same time both touching the contact 35. At this instant the two fields f and f are equally and oppositely excited and the motor and receiving device remain in this intermediate position which corresponds to the intermediate position of the transmitting device. It will thus be seen that by the use of the resistances r and r movements are etiectiv also at the intermediate positions.

It will thus be seen that I have provided tion, the scope of which is set forth in the annexed claims. i

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States,-is,-

1. The combination with an electric-motor, of a controller therefor driven by the motor, a transmitting device, .a plurality of conductors connecting said controller with the transmitting device, a plurality of conductors supplying current from the source "of supply to the controller, and connections whereby said controller is moved by the motor in response to a movement of the transmitting device to a number of positions equal to the product of the two sets of conductors. v

2. The combination with an electric motor, of a controller therefor driven by the motor having a plurality of contacts, a transmitting device provided with corresponding contacts, a plurality of conductors connecting the contacts on the controller with the corresponding contacts on the transmittin tors supplying current from a source of supply to the contacts on the controller, and connections whereby said controller is moved by the motor in response to a movement of 1' were not provided the,

device, a plurality of conducthe transmitting device to a number of positions equal to the product of the two sets of conductors.

3. The combination with an electric motor, of a controller therefor driven by the motor and provided with a plurality of contacts, a transmitting device provided with corresponding contacts, a plurality of conductors connecting the contacts on the con-- troller with the corresponding contacts on the transmitting device, a plurality of con ductors connecting the controller with a source of supply, a switch for shifting from one supply conductor to another, and connections whereby .the controller is moved throughout the range of its contacts in response to corresponding movement of the transmitting device when one supply conductor is in circuit and repeats the o eration when another supply conductor is in circuit;

4. The combination with an electric motor, of'a controller therefor driven by the motor and provided with a plurality of contacts, a transmitting device provided with corresponding contacts, a plurality of conductors connecting the contacts on the controller with the correspondingcontacts on the transmitting device, a plurality of conductors connecting the controller with a source of supply, a switch for shifting the connection of the source of supply from one conductor to another, mechanical connections between the switch and said device whereby the latter is moved over a number of contacts while the former is being moved to its next contact, and connections whereby the controller is moved to a number of positions equal to the product of the said sets of conductors in responsev to corresponding movements of the transmitting device.

5. The combination with an electric motor. and a controller therefor driven by the motor having a plurality of contacts, a transmitting device comprlsing a maincontact device having contacts corresponding with those on the controller, and an auxiliary contact device mechanically connected therewith so that. the former moves throughout its entire range of movement while the latter is moving to the next contact, a plurality of conductors connecting the contacts on the controller with corresponding contacts on the main contact device, a lurality of conductors supplying current rom the auxiliary contact device to the contacts on the controller, and connections whereby the controller is moved throughout its range of contacts in response to a corresponding movement of the main contact device in position of the auxiliary contact device.

6. The combination with an electric motor and a controller therefor driven by the motor and provided with a plurality of contacts, a transmitting device provided with contacts corres onding with those on the controller, a p urality of conductors connecting the contacts of the controller to corresponding contacts on the transmitting device, brushes connected with a source of supply cooperating with't-he controller contacts and arranged so that one brush engages the first contact when another passes off the last contact, a switch for shifting tlfe connection of the source of supply from one brush to another, and connections whereby a movement is given the controller throughout its range of contact in response to movement oi the transmitting device as each'brush is connected to the supply circuit.

7. The combination with an electric inotor and a controller therefor driven by the motor having a plurality of contacts, a transmitter comprising a main contact device having contacts corresponding with those on the controller, an auxiliary contact device connected with a source of supply, mechanical connections between said two devices whereby the main contact device is Inoved throughout its entire range of movement while the auxiliary device is moving to its next contact, a plurality of conductors connecting the contacts on the controller with corresponding contacts on the main contact device, a plurality of conductors between the auxiliaryscontact device and the controller arranged so that they supply current one aftenanother to the successive contacts of the controller. In; witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 14th day of May, 1912.

CHRISTIAN KRAMER. Witnesses:

RICHARD VENMANN, WALTHER REINHARDT.

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