US104232A - Improvement in carpet fabric - Google Patents

Description

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM WALLACE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND CHARLES MCALLISTER, 0F SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPET FABRIC.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N o. 104.232, dated June 14, 1870.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM WALLACE, of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented an Improved Carpet, of which the following is a specification:

My invention relates to an improvement in what are known as damask carpets and my improved carpet is composed of the warpthreads and alternate thick and thin filling, or weft-threads, usually employed in making carpets of this class. The warp-threads, however, in producing my improved carpet, are raised in couples for the thick illing, and singly for the thin filling, as fully explained hereinafter, so that the fabric may be more compact in texture, and may have a finer surface than ordinary damask carpet, without the consumption of more material than the latter requires.

Figure 1, Drawing No. l, is a diagram representing the disposal of the threads in inaking an ordinary damask carpet; Fig. 2, a diagram illustrating the mode of making my improved carpet; and Figs. 3 and 4, Drawing No. 2, are views representing the harness ernployed in carrying out my invention.

In order that my invention may be more readily understood, I will first proceed to describe the mode of disposing of the weft and warp threads in weaving ordinary damask carpets, reference being had to Fig. 1, Drawing No. l, which represents a portion ot' such a carpet, with the threads separated or not beaten up.

The warp of an ordinary4 damask carpet consists of a series of woolen threads arranged in sets, four threads to each set, these i'our threads passing through one space of the reed in weaving. Thus, in Fig. l, A represents one set of four warp-threads; A', an adjoining set, and A" a third set.

These warp-threads, two of which may be of one color and two of another color, are controlled by theusual Jacquard apparatus, which is too well known to need description here. It should be understood, however, that in weaving ordinary damask carpets two warpthreads have been heretofore invariably lifted together, both for the thick filling and thin filling. For instance, the two threads a, a of the set A have been lifted together, and the same with the two threads b b of the same set, so that in weaving an ordinary damask carpet the four warp-threads of each set may be considered two double threads.

The weft-threads consist of a series of thick filling-threads, B, B', B", and B"', and thin filling-threads, D, D', D", and D', arranged alternately, as shown in Fig. l, the thick illing-threads serving to impart substance to the carpet, and the thin threads serving to impart strength as binding-threads.

It will be observed, on referring to this illustration (Fig. l) oi' a common damask carpet, that the thin iilling-thread D passes under the two warp-threads a a ofthe set A, and over the two warp-threads b b of the same set, the adjoining thick filling-thread B passing over the warp-threads a a and under the warp-threads b b, and this disposal ot' the threads is continued throughout the fabric, providing the latter b'e a common plain carpet of one color.

If the warp-threads be oi' different colors, (the two threads a a of the set A, for instance, being green, and the two threads b b of the same set red,) the disposal of the warpthreads by the Jacquard apparatus, for the purpose of producing patterns, will, of course, differ from the arrangement shown, according to the character of the pattern; but the warpthreads of ordinary damask carpets have heretot'ore been invariably raised in couples, and it is this plan of raising two adjoining threads simultaneously, both for the thick and thin filling, which. renders the carpet ot' so open a texture that a lodgment t'or dust and dirt is afforded, while the threads ot' one color beneath can be (listin gnished from above through the interstices between threads of another color; consequently, the pattern ofthe carpet is rendered more or less spotted and unsightly.

The aim of my invention, which I will now proceed to describe, has been to overcome these defects in weaving damask carpets.

On reference to Fig. 2, which illustrates my improved carpet with the threads separated, it will be observed that the warp consists of a series of sets ot' threads, four threads in each set, the weft consisting of alternate thick and thin tilling-threads; in fact, precisely the same threads are employed as in making the common damask carpet described above.

For the passage of the thick filling-threads the warp-threads are raised in couples, as in the ordinary carpet; hut for the passage ofthe thin filling-threads thewarp-threads are raised singly, or, in other words, the double warpthreads are separated or split for the passage ofthe thin filling-threads.

Fig. 2, Drawing No. 1, represents the disposal of' the threads ot' my improved carpet, providing that the same be of one color throughout. On reference to this figure, it will be observed that the thin lling-thiead D passes under the warp-thread a, ever the warp-thread ci', under the thread b, and over the thread b', while the adjoining thick fillingthread passes under the two threads a and a', and over the two adjoining threads b and b.

1t will be understood that when a pattern is required to be woven with colored threads the latterrinay be arranged in a manner diff'erin g from that shown in Fig. 2 but the same practice will be observed of controlling the warp-threads-separately for the thin filling', and in couples for the thick filling.

It will now be seen that the difference be tween the old damask carpet and my improved carpet is simply this: in the former the warpthieads are raised in couples for both the thick and thin filling, while in the latter the warpthreads are raised in couples for the thick filling, and singly or independently of each other for the thin fillingn This plan of operating the warp-threads involves the necessity of' employing peculiar mechanism, for, while the ordinary Jacquard apparatus will serve to raise the threads in couples for the thick filling, other appliances are necessary f'or operating the single threads for the thin filling.

1 will hriefiy describe the mechanism which I have employed for carrying` my invention into effect, reference being had to Drawing No. 2, in which Figs. 3 and L show the harness, the lines a and a representing the sepi arated warp-threads, and x heilig the point where the weft is beaten up.

i dispense with the usual comber-board of the Jacquard apparatus, and, in place of the same, use the twelve shafts S S, all of which are connected to the warp-thread by the harness, in the usual manner, and these shafts are controlled by mechanism operated from any working part of the loom indcpeiidcntly of the usual Jacquard mechanism, the duty of which is to control the double warpthreads for the thick filling, while the single threads for the thin filling are controlled by the shafts S and the independent mechanism which operates the same.

rJJhe harness ofthe ordinary Jacquard apparatus passes the shafts S freely, but has knots with which these shafts come in contact when elevated.

As different mechanical devices may be einployed for carrying my invention into effect, and as the above-described mechanism will forni the subject of a separate application for a patent, the above explanation will suffice for those familiar with the art of weaving to understand how the warp-threads may he raised in couples for the thick filling and singly for the thin filling.

It is this peculiar operation and disposal of the warp-threads in respect to the thick and thin filling-threads which render my improved carpet more compact in texture, and finer as regards its surface, than ordinary dainask carpets.

I claim- The carpet fabric herein described, in which adjoining warps are raised in couples for the introduction ot' a thick filling, and such couples are afterward divided for the passage of a fine weft between them.

[n testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

Witnesses WILLIAM WALLACE.

WM. A. STEEL, LoUIs BoswELL.

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