US1040379A - Process of treating nitric acid by electrolysis. - Google Patents
Process of treating nitric acid by electrolysis. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1040379A US1040379A US64065311A US1911640653A US1040379A US 1040379 A US1040379 A US 1040379A US 64065311 A US64065311 A US 64065311A US 1911640653 A US1911640653 A US 1911640653A US 1040379 A US1040379 A US 1040379A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nitric acid
- electrolysis
- carbon
- graphite
- treating nitric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 15
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 15
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ONKUMRGIYFNPJW-KIEAKMPYSA-N ethynodiol diacetate Chemical compound C1C[C@]2(C)[C@@](C#C)(OC(C)=O)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]2CCC3=C[C@@H](OC(=O)C)CC[C@@H]3[C@H]21 ONKUMRGIYFNPJW-KIEAKMPYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
Definitions
- platinum cathode which is platinum or of any other material not dis- 6C @I I mmiwgf which consists in passmg an elecmccmi'enfi; Elm-testimony whereof, we afix our slgnatlu'uu h; an electrolyte of nifix'ic acid- 530 a tures in' presence of two witnesses.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
"rrrm s'rap'rns jPATEN'r OFFICE.
MARTIN MOEST AND RUDOLF IZEllLLER VON BERNECK, 0F HCHST-ON-THE-MAIN, GER- MANY, Assrenoias T0 HoCHsr-oN-THEMAIN,
FARBNERKE VORM. MEISTER LUCIUS & BRIINING, OF GERMANY A CORPDRATION OF GERMANY.
PROCESS OF TREATING NITRIC ACID BY ELECTROLYSIS.
Specification of Letters Patent.
No Drawing. Application filed July 26,
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that we, MARTIN Moi-1ST,
Ph. 1)., chemist, and ItUnoLr Mi'frnnnn VON lulmnen, chemist, citizens of the Empire of Germany, residing at I-lochst-on-the-Main, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Process of Treating Nitric Acid by Electrolysis, of which the following is a specification.
In the processes or" treating nitric acid by electrolysis .in the cathode-compartment of an electrolytic cell without adding other electrolytes, there have hitherto been used only metallic electrodes, generally platinum, in special cases copper, mercury or the like. Now, we have made the observation that these metals can be advantageously replaced in most cases by carbon or graphite electrodes. We have found that carbon or graphite as cathodes are absolutely stable in nitric acid. This observation is most surprising in view of the fact that carbon or graphite when used as anodes in nitric acid are destroyed in a very short time, and must also be regarded otherwise as unstable against the action of nitric acid. (Compare Danimer Handbook, 1894, vol. II, art 1, page 62.) Thus, in the process described in German Patent No. 180052 there may be used a carbon or graphite electrode in the place of the platinum electrode without es-. sentially altering the results. Now, as carbon is much chea er than platinum, a considerable technica advance is attained by F the said invention.
When using ilatinum electrodes in the electrolysis of diluted nitric acid, for instance of a strength of about 20-30 per cent, in the cathode-compartment there 00-. curs an evolution of hydrogen at the beginning of the electrolysis or on continuin the test, even after a short interruption o? the current, and there is always some time required until the normal course of the process is attained, which consists principally in the reduction of nitric acid to ammonia. Sinn- Schiinbein (Poggcndor s Annalcn, 1839, vol. 47, page 563.) This evolution of by drogen at the caused by its easily becoming passive, is very dangerous for technical purposes, because the gaseous compounds of nitrogen and oxygen which may escape simultaneously, or the access of air in the gas outlets are capable of easily producing an explosive mixture of gases. However by using 111 the place of platinum cathodes, carbon or graphite cathodes and an anode of solving in nitric acid,-the diluted nitric acid is chiefly reduced into ammonia, whil'e' hydrogen is not ewlvcd. Moreover the required voltage of the current is lower. Furthermore carbon or graphite cathodes show great technical advantages over those made of metals. In the electrolysis of diluted nitric acid with aluminiumcathodes ammoniu, for instance, forms, but the aluminium-electrode is thereby sensibly attacked and it requires a very high tension. Carbon or graphite used as cathode, give chemically the same result, namely ammonia with a yield of the current of about 60%. However carbon has the advantage over aluminium of being absolutely stable; moreover the required tension and course quently the consumption of energy is much lower. Under otherwise the same condi- .tions the voltage has been for instance:
Withscurreutdensityof.......l.. ..-1.6 6.5 0 am Thedeniltytor aluminlumuu cathode... 2.0 4.2 5.8 vol u carbon 1.0 8.4
Copper and mercury, which were occasionally used in laboratory tests as cathodes in the electrolysis of nitric acid, do not, technically, enter into consideration at all, as they are, as is known, unstable against the action of nitric acid and undergo in combination with it reaction ,while forming nitric oxid gases.
Having now described 0' we claim is:
r in vention, what lar observations have already been made by l 1. The process of electrolyzing nitric acid.
platinum cathode, which is platinum or of any other material not dis- 6C @I I mmiwgf which consists in passmg an elecmccmi'enfi; Elm-testimony whereof, we afix our slgnatlu'uu h; an electrolyte of nifix'ic acid- 530 a tures in' presence of two witnesses.
3.7916110 eiof carbon. MARTIN HOEBT. 2. The PIOQeSS of electrolyzmg mtrie mud, RUDOLE MfiLLEB, am BERNEGK 5 which consists in pa ssingan electric current Witnesses:
through gn-lcisrolyte of nifii'iiz acid to 3 I JEAN GRUND; aathode of graphite, CABL Gamma,
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US64065311A US1040379A (en) | 1911-07-26 | 1911-07-26 | Process of treating nitric acid by electrolysis. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US64065311A US1040379A (en) | 1911-07-26 | 1911-07-26 | Process of treating nitric acid by electrolysis. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1040379A true US1040379A (en) | 1912-10-08 |
Family
ID=3108650
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US64065311A Expired - Lifetime US1040379A (en) | 1911-07-26 | 1911-07-26 | Process of treating nitric acid by electrolysis. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1040379A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3109791A (en) * | 1960-07-27 | 1963-11-05 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Method of preparing phosphine |
| US3109792A (en) * | 1960-07-27 | 1963-11-05 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Method of preparing phosphine |
| US3109788A (en) * | 1960-07-27 | 1963-11-05 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Electrolytic production of phosphine |
| US4427503A (en) | 1980-12-19 | 1984-01-24 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Method for reducing the acid content of a nitric acid solution by using electrolysis current |
| US5266174A (en) * | 1992-05-12 | 1993-11-30 | Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. | Process for reducing aqueous nitrate to ammonia |
-
1911
- 1911-07-26 US US64065311A patent/US1040379A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3109791A (en) * | 1960-07-27 | 1963-11-05 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Method of preparing phosphine |
| US3109792A (en) * | 1960-07-27 | 1963-11-05 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Method of preparing phosphine |
| US3109788A (en) * | 1960-07-27 | 1963-11-05 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Electrolytic production of phosphine |
| US4427503A (en) | 1980-12-19 | 1984-01-24 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Method for reducing the acid content of a nitric acid solution by using electrolysis current |
| US5266174A (en) * | 1992-05-12 | 1993-11-30 | Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. | Process for reducing aqueous nitrate to ammonia |
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