US1038556A - Machine for enciphering and deciphering messages. - Google Patents

Description

MACHINE 'ron .SNGIPHESING Ama DECISHSMNG, MESSAGES.

APPLMATION'HLBD MASS, i912 ji PatntSL-Spt. 1.?,1191-52 s SHEETS-SHEET 1.

gure/074' j i E? mZ/@561;

l 1B. W,PULLER MACHINE lPOR ENGIPTHEEING AND DBGIPHBRING MESSAGES. APPLIIGATIONPILED-MAR-B,1912. Lw., u s Patente@ sepan, 1912.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Wim @y @4%7 E. W. FULLER. l MACHINE FOR ENGIPHERING AND DEGIPHERING MESSAGES.

' APPLICATION 1FILED MAR. 8, 1912.

1,038,556. t Patented Sept.17`,1912.

'5 SHEETS-SHEET s.

5. w. FULLER. MACHINE FR ENGIPHBRING AND DBGIPHERING MESSAGES.

APPLICATION FILED un. a, 149.12.

' Patented sept. 17,1912.

' fs SHEETS-snm 4..

22- 2,723. Y@ /z l l//y @ff we E. W. FULLER. MACHINE POR LNGIPHPPJN*G*Al AND-DECIPHBRING MESSAGES. APPLIGATION FILED MA11.8,191'2.

Patented Sept. 17, 1912.V

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

ein' avia e roeaafae.

naw-ni w. FULLER, or omesso, Immers.

.afirmar Flon,

-MLCHINE FGF/.ENCIPHERING AND DECIPHERINQMESS-AGES.

, Application led March 3, 1912. Serial No. 682,337.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it knownthat I, ERWINW. FULLER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented new and useful Improvements in Machines for Enciphering and Deciphering Messages, of which the fol-k lowing is aspecilioation.

This invention relates to machines for 'enciphcring and deciphering messages, and is designed for use in preparing messages in cipher incapable of translation without the use of a. machine operating on the principl-e of thevone with which the message is prepared, and then only when the predetermined key or code thereto is known to the person performing the act ,of translating the message on such a machine. Thel 'desideratum in Imachines of this type is the production of cipher or code messages in which any givencharacter shall not necesr sarlly represent (more than once) any character used in the message, thereby making it utterly impossible to decipher the message without the knowledge of the key or code, even if the machine be at hand. Another requisite is to make possible the use 'of a large number of different keys or codes whereby one may communicate with-several persons having duplicate machines, yet none but those having the prearranged keys may translate'any message into an intelligible communication.

One object of the present invention is to provide a machine of novel construction arranged in such manner that it may be used in connection with any standard typewriter in use at the present time, and coupled thereto in such manner that an intelli-v gble message may be transformed into a meaningless co-nglomeration of characters by the simple operation ot' striking the keys of the machine in the manner of writing on the typewriter; and thereafter said cipher message may be translated into an intelligible message (by a recipient of the vcipher message, having knowledge of the pre-arranged key) by properly setting a certain dial andstriking the keys of a duplicate machine in the order of the cipher message.

Another object is to provide a machine of this class in which the transforming mechanism is capable of being operated by power or by hand.

Another object is lto provide a machine of this class .in which the key.or codel7 Speccation ot 'Letters :Patent Patyrtd Sept. 17, 1912.y l

may be altered during the enciphering or i deciphering of the message, thus making it more complex and difficult to solve by an unauthorized person having in his possession one of the machines in question.

Another object is Ato provide a machine which is comparatively'simple in construction, reliable in operation andl not liable togetout of repair.

Another object is to providea machine.

of vthis class in ywhich the key may be altered'by the simple manipulation o/t a handwheel forming part of the machine, whereby the key may be readily changed once or several times during the preparation `and translation of the message.

Other objects and advantages will appea inthe course of this s ecieation, and with.

all of said objects an A this invention consists 1n a code message advantages in View,

preparing and translating machine capable Figure 1 is a plan of a machine embodying 90 one form of my present invention, the middle portion of the machine being brok-en away to enable the view to be made as large i Y asv possible upon the sheet; Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the keyboard of the machine; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 .is a detail plan of vcertain members of the transposing mechanism; Fig. 5 is a side View of a segmental rack forming part of the transposing mechanism;` Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the selecting mechanism;

Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the machine' looking in the direction of the arrow 7 in Fig. 1; Fig. 8 is'a detail front view of certain key locking mechanism and associated parts; Fig. 9 is a detail vertical section of a pawl and ratchet mechanism on the main driving shaft, the section being taken on the line 9 9, Fig. 7; Fig. 10 is a detail section of a clutch mechanism, thel line of section being indicated at 10-10 1n Fig. 7; Fig.

Fig. 3:; 13 isa detail' section taken'on side 1. elevation' of vcertain 'levers and assol`cia-ted* parts showing 'one' key "leverfin-de'- pressedfcondition; Fig. .15 is a detail fragmental's'ection takenfon .the-line15-15 of Fig. 3; Fig. 16 is 'a detail vertical sectiontaken on the .line 16-416 of4 Fig.:15;.Fig;

17 'isA a" plan of lcertain dogs seen in Fig.

A 'character key levers that control theentire lfand Fig. 18 is -a frontelevaton offone dog* and certain shift levers.l

ln general the machine comprises a'set of operation of the machine, each key llever b eing associated with a gear wheel and a `su1t' ably driven segmental raok:normallyout of '.mesh'with the gear wheel, but capableof being thrown in engagement therewith as a v result of the depressionofany key andl act,-

I. ing to partially rtate said gear wheel. "The number of"teeth upon the segmental racks determinesv the arc of revolutionjof the gear .wheels and-controls v thcjlactive position-f" '.certaincharacter selecting mechanism with .reference to a serres ofjleversthatactuate the key lever'scf a typewriter to print `the so. y

playing targets so as to displa'y such cipher^ cipher characters or"`actua`te character"I discharacters to the operatory whereby Vhe may observetheir value. -Locking mechanism is I associated with vthe key levers for locking' all" but'. the one depressed, and mechanism,

y' f underthe control of 4each key levergacts to set thel machine in'm'otion -to rprint or dis-' play'a character and'thereaffter 4to stop themachine atthe end of a cycle of operation.-

one,v embodiment 'of my present invent-ion,I

@Referring to said drawings, which show 2.0,'Yrepresents. a supporting ffameof sui-t- 'mechanism ofthe machine.

l ableform, having abase 21, and two'verti- K cal sideframes 22, spaced Yapart and Iadapted to form the supports` for the operating Fulcrumed u'p'ona `common shaft23, is' afsetfo'f 'charac- .ter 'key levers ,21, thatlhave keys 211e, bearing characters such as the letters of the alphabet, numbers, 'punctuation marks', etc., said keys being preferably arranged inthe form of a keyboard, suchA as one similar to 'the keyboard of the ordinary."" Re 1nington typewriter, Individual springs24l, secured to the character key levers andV 'sorne'stationary portion ofthe machine, act to return any given key-to normalV position after hav-I ing been depressed.

under their control, is transposing'meehaf nism capable of transposing the character indicated on-*any key (depressed `by the' op,-4

.erator) to some other character and in the form of transposingmechanism'shdwn in the drawings, each Jkey lever coperates with of a cycle of operationf,

'incassa a toothed'wheel, for instance a geariwheel I 25,-whiclr is rotated' (by meanshereafter def scribed), as a result-of the' depression of an/ `character to bei-exhibited, printed or otherwise made readable. 1n the means Shown Vfor 4vaccomplishing this result, 'each key le# ver is connected'to an individual dog 2S ('see Figs. 15,118, inclusive) Apivoted4 to s1'1pporting'gba'rs'29, ,carried yby the side f the ends-fof which-are "attached to the shift lever andfonefof-the dogs. L-Because off theconnects.l any given lever with somedog farther alo-ng the .seriesy (see Fig. 18), and one upper, vcorner of each dog is cut awayv to per- .mit 'of this ;Lrrarigement.` The' gear. wheels 25, are each "slidabl'y mounted upon `a` rotary shaft 33, ournaled in the side frames,

the shaftfand hub po rtons of rthe gear wheels.' The forked end of each shift'lever engages agroov-edv hub'32,of itsassociated gear .wheel t'o, providenieans for shifting the `Vgear wheels *backl andj'ff'orth Von .their common shaft. y Means are provided fonreturningany released shift lever and its associated gear. wheel Aback to normal or inoperativeposition, and

as shown said means comprises a reciprocatory toothed .barl 30", lying transversely of the machine 'and extending' through' alined holes inthe upper ends of the shift levers. Any ,'shiftlever is free tol swingforward in the space, between the adjacent teethvof the bar, Ybut vif said bar beV movedtoward the4 left as viewed in Fig. 15) that shift lever whichghas been moved intoworking posi#l tion v is thereby forced back by thetooth irnlmediately in front of it, said tooth 'striking the front face of the shift lever and swingl close spacing of the shift' levers, eachspring A ,and said gear wheelsare held against rotaf tron onsald shaft Vas for kinstance by vmeans of a'vspllne (33%,.seated'1n grooves formed 1n ing itback; The shiftfba-ris shown as connected tothe lower end of a lever` 300,' ('se'e Fig. 12) fulcrumed between 'its ends upon a` bracket `secured to one side frame and. hav' carried by a gear wheel" 30, journaled ingjits'free end in engagement with a cam Associated with the key7` levers- 24:, land on la stud shaft prOjectin-g'out'from the'side frame.. Thecam is arranged to rocky the lever and reciprocate the bar 30", near`theend It is to-be'vobs'erved that if any given dog is raised out of engagement with its associroo `viewed from the front.

aoaaeee shown there are 38 keys, a correspondingnumber of key levers, dogs, shift levers, gear wheels and segmental racks, and each gear Wheel is shown as formed with thirty y eight teeth to correspondxwith the number of key levers.` The number ofteeth on the segmental racks, however, may vary as shown from'one tooth to thirty-eight teeth and said racks may be arranged in Acertain order, depending 'upon the number ofv teeth contained in any given rack, for instance rack having one tooth may be placed on the left-hand side of the machine, rack having e.

two teeth placed next thereto, andV schon, rack having thirty-eight teeth being placed at the right-hand -e-nd of the machine, as

Thus in the machine illustrated, each rack bears a number of teeth equal to .the number of its associated character key, depending upon the position of said key in the keyboard, for instance the key bearing the character Q, is number 1 on the keyboard, and consequently the segmental rack associated with said key and adapted to intermesh with the gear wheel under the control of said key, has one tooth. In a cycle of operation, the entire gang or series of segmental racks is given one complete rotation, consequently if one of said gear wheels 1s thrown into mesh with its associated rack, then the entire gang orseries of gear wheels 25, and their common shaft are thereby rotated through a certain arc of a circle, depending of course upon the number of teeth contained in the rack effecting such movement. ln the arrangementA shown, however, each rack advances the gear wheels two teeth (center to center) more than the number of teeth borne by any rack, but this does not interfere with the perfect operation of the machine in any respect whatever, and it may be possible to employ teeth of such pitch as to move the gear wheels a number of teeth equal to the number of lteeth on the racks.

lt is now obvious that by depressing any key, vthe gear wheels and their common shaft will be turned through an arc of a circle, depending upon the number ofteeth on the rack that is thrown into mesh with the gear wheel. The rotation of said shaft is utilized in changing the position of the selecting position of the character, indicated on the key depressed, to some other character. ln the form of selecting mechanism shown, it has a series ofabutments "or tri s 37, arranged in the form of a spiral, t ere being one abutment place corresponding to each key lever. The abutments may comprise the end faces of arms 38, (see Figs. 3, 6, 11 14) secured upon a rotative shaft 39, journaled in the side frames.- This arrangement provides a selecting mechanism having a spirally arranged series of abutments or trip arms that determine or select the lever 27, of t-he series which is to be actuated as a result of depressing of one of the character key levers. A toothed wheel 26, secured tothe shaft 39 engages with a'detent 26h.,

selecting mechanism in position.

1in,unison, two trains of gearing being here shown, one forrotating the mechanisnr in one direction and the other for rotating '1t-in a reverse direction.

Referring to Figs. 1,7, 10 and 12, the shaft 33, bears two gear wheels 40, 41, there- `gon, and each provided with ar'liltch member 42, between which is a `(zo-,acting clutch l member 43, slidably mounted on the shaft '33, and held against rotation thereon, as for ;instance by a spline `44. As shown, said lclutch members have co-acting clutch-teeth, vwhereby the slidable member may be coupled Ato either gear wheel 40, 41, so as to causey the same to rotate with the shaft 33. A :forked lever 45, pivoted on a bracket 46, se-

gages the slidable member of the clutch by means of the ordinary pin and groove connection, and said forked lever is rocked as by rods 47, having buttons upon their upper ends and connected to a cross bar 45, of gthe lever 45. By depressing the proper rod, jthe clutch member may be thrown into op- 'erative connect-ion with either gear wheel 40, 41. The gear wheel 41, meshes with a gear wheel 48, fast on the shaft 39, and the gear wheel 40, meshes with an intermediate gear 49, that -meshes with a gear wheel 50, fast on the shaft 39. This arrangement pro- `vides a simple means for effecting forward and backward rotation of the lselecting mechanism in unison with the rotationl of Athe segmental racks of the transposing mechanism. e It is now apparent that if the shaft is turned through the instrumentality of a rack and its associated gear wheeL the selecting mechanism will be corre- ;spondingly rotatedeither forward or back. .ward, depending upon the position of the 'clutch member 43, thereby bringing some :certain arm 38, into an upstanding position :ready to trip its associated lever 27, whereas .all ofthe remaining arms 38, are left in mechanism, and thereby effecting a trans- `The shafts 33, 39, are geared to rotatev `to afford means for positively holding the g tcured to one side frame of the machine, enl 60 upon its long-end will be swung downward vertical. gnd in positionv-` to be non-egective withfrespect to imei-other rlevers '27` y' l Assessed; wirt-irre strateeg-"meetstanis a seriefs of -rompoun'dl'evers 51, that fare' arranged 1toiactua-te suitable printing mecha- I nism,'as for instance they may actua-te vthe keyv levers fof a. typevvrite'r-l or-theygmaytothe keyflevers'fand in' 'the .form'sli'own' are located' overl the `remainder fof .the operating 'mechanism- Each. Such `simili)@undf Jever comprises one lever [52,1fulcrnmedbetween fits. ends'fiiponfa rod, secured tohthe side vItrames,, :and,each lever has .pivoted thereto..

at its vforward end -a secondf-leverjwhich is downward-f to: provide a terminal end 27" fly-ing im'rnediatelyA above 'the selectinge ,mechanism-and in. verticalA alinement .with its ,f axis" offrotation. -l`To the longarm`27",l of

eaehfleverf27, is-s'fecured a v link "or rod 54, the upperlend' oifvvhich may be 'attached to the,-character .key` lever 55,' of'a typewriter fac" Coiled'springs'are secured. tothe forward.A ends of the levers'52, andl to some sta-'4l Ati'onary 'portion vof t-he'lmachine, and 'coiled -fspringsj'Syare secured'to the long-endsof the 'lever's'27, and' to some' stationary portion of themac'hine.' Acrossbar l59 1, placed imv mediatelyfabove the levers 27, limits the up.

l 'ward' prillof .the springs 58, on the long end Vof thejlevers27. Be-low'th'e' armsv 525, of theleversv 5 2, is la rotative shaft 5'9, journaledin the' sideirames of the rnachine-aidnhavinga longitudinally extending rib 60, thereon that is arranged tostrike the arms 52, once'in a engagement with the lever."

cycle of'opeia-tion and raise said ends 'of the Y. levers52, said movement of the l`levers having the effect of pressing 'downthe forward ends of th'e levers 27. It is to be notedthat although the terminal ends, 27a, o i the levers 27, are in alinement above. the vselecting entire' series of abutments is'presented to saidterminal. ends a-t" a'ny' one"time, so that thereby be, depressed, andl all but one will be i free 'to'. swing .dovvnA` ,toward the shaft 89,

'using the bar 59a, as a fulcrum, whereas the one'vvliose. terminal. end isfpresentedto an abutment will be prevented from swinging down toward the, shaft,^but said abutment:

will act asla' fulcrum for that lever, where` l(see Fig. 14%)' therebydrawing down the link 54, and actuating the proper key vof the associated Atypevvritingg; mechanism or' dis'- playing thetarget bearing character in such 'character has been affected g -Upon the rock shaft 74, is mental member 77', which' engages With4 a lspring pressed detent or Ipawl 7 8X, that acts ito hold said segmental member, and its shaftv Viin either of the two ypositions* occupied thereby The shaft .74, is arranged to" 'recipfrocate arelease bar 7 8, and thereby effect the coupling of the 'drive sha-ft vwith the gearingvofkthemachine', and as shown, said mechanism comprises abell cr-anklever79, l'(.see Fig; 7) one arm of which'conne'cts with the segmental member 77 andthe -other with la rock 4bar 80, "pivoted between .its ends to. one side.' framc, land connectedat itsupperl "end with fthe release bar 78. To the other .Lend of the releasebar is pivotally secured 62, .bears a ratchet wheel 84, `fast thereon, wthwhich ratchet wheel said pawl 82, .i

manner that the operator may observe which bythedepressing. or any given key,` The Oper'atmg'inechaniSmLof the ,machine is'driven from themandriveshat 62, by simple-forms ozt gearing, one'train of vgears 63, 64,65, being arranged betw-efe'n'the main drivev shaft and 'sha:tt '36, of the segmental Atransposing racks. Afsecond train of gears -66,^ 67, 68, and-'a counter-shaft' 69, is employed tos Adrive the shaft- 59. The gear wheel 30e, carrying thecam 30d, mesh esfwith movement therefrom. The drive shaft'4 may be a `continu ously rotating one, and I have' shown the'sam'e as provided with a-pinion fadapted tobe gearedtoany'suitable forni" of motor Handhave shown said shaft vas leraloly the' gear-wheel 63, is loose onthe drive shaft and arrangedl to be cupled- 4,thereto by' y'pawl and ratchet .mechanism` hereafter described, and means, under the control of each key lever,- are 'provided t'or g throwing-said, clutch into OperativeeOnnecf tion and automatically' throwingfs'aid clutch thel gearfwhecl 67, 'and receives its rotary out ofactionattheend of a cycle of operae` ttion'. 'In the means shown, each key lever has a .downward 'projection '71, beneath which is a `cross bar 72; vv(see Figs. 3 and\8)' secured. to two^ a-rms78, ordinarilysecured upon aA rock" shaft 74, journaledzin'th'e side j l fra-me of' the machine.v shaft 74", are a series of d ogs 75, rotatively'f mounted-0,11; a Yrod76, 'and adapted to'be 'swung into notches formed in theld'ownwardprojections '71, whenever any keyleve-r gisdepressed. The bar 72 engages said dogsland normally 'holds them out vof the lnotches in the levers and a spring isprovded for.

Above y said rock' each 4dog operating tothrow .the sameintov secured a sega detent 81, pivoted upon the side frame =and adapted tocontact witha pawl 82, carried'b'y a disk '83, fast to 'the gearwheell 63,

but loose upon the'shaft 62.-- The drive shaft caused to engage asby a spring 85, secured to the disk 83, and bearing against the pawl.

A spring pressed detent 86, arranged to enter a notch in the disk 83, acts to hold said disk stationary and in proper position when it arrives at a position of rest.

The shaft 59, bears a lug 87, which is arranged to strike against a bearing face 88, on the release bar to shift said bar into a second position. In Fig. 7 said lug 87, has just passed the bearing face 88, having thereby shifted the bar from left to right, swung the dog 81, down into the position indicated and raised the dogs 75, out of engagement with the key levers. The dog 81,

V is shown as in engagement with the paw1,82,

having thrown it out of connection with the ratchet wheel 84.

In preparing or translating messages with 9 this machine, it is necessary that the selecting mechanism be set at some arbitrary point before the first letter of the message is struck. This is accomplished by means of a hand wheel 90, (see Fig. 1) a bevelvgear wheel 91, connected thereto as by a shaft 92,

and meshing with a bevel pinionv 93, fast on the shaft 3 9. By turning the hand wheel 90, in the proper direction, the selecting mechanism is thereby turned in either direction to set the same at the predetermined initial or starting point. Associated with said selecting mechanism and moving in unison therewith, is a dial 94, carried by a vertical shaft 95, (see Fig. 11,) which is journaled in a bracket 96, secured to the side frame. Said vertical shaft 95, bears a miter pinion 97, which meshes with a miter pinion 98, fast on the shaft 39. Said dial 94, bears characters arranged around on its face near its periphery which characters correspond with the characters denoted on the keys and are arranged in the same sequence. Said characters are arranged to be brought into register with certain other characters shown on astationary portion of the frame at a, b, which are also identified by letters L, R, signifying leftgand right. If desired, a seconddial 99, of ring like form and also bearing characters arbitrarily 'arranged around the same, may be employed between the purpose of making a large number of combinations and making it more diicult and complicated to attempt to -solve any given message. By reason of the miter gears 97, 98, on the shafts 95, 39, (see Fig. 11) the dial and selecting. mechanism are caused to move in unison so that if the from the position shown in Fig. 1, (where Q registers with thel numeral 1 on the scale a) to a position where some other characf ter on the dial registers with said numeral 1, then the selecting mechanism will be rotated sition.

' moved thirty-two spaces from its initial position and the selecting mechanism will have Abeen moved thirty-two spaces or steps 4from its initial position, viz.: the one in which the first arm was in active position; thereby bring` g the tliirty-third arm intp active po- In the operation of the machine, the hand Wheel 90, is first turned to set the selecting mechanism at the starting or -initial point, and in the drawings the wheel has been turned to bring the character Q, cnr the dial `,5-

vopposite the number 1 of the series L.

, sary for both the sender and the recipient of `,the message to have knowledge of this starting point, which is the key to the message. Having' first set the dial as indicated,

-the sender Writes his message by striking the keys denoting the characters comprising the message. Assume that the first key struck is Q, or theiirst key in the keyboardthe first act which takes place is the raising of the dog 28, connected with the key lever of the key denoting Q, whereupon the shift lever 30, associated with said dog shifts its` associated gear wheel 25, into mesh with its associated segmental rack ofthe transporting mechanism-which in this case has but one V tooth. By this time the key lever has swung the bar 72, part way down, the dogs 75, (with the' exception of the one associated with the key levervdepressed) having swung into the notches of the other key levers, and

the remainder of the downward movement y of said key lever turns the shaft 74, and segthe dial 94, and the stationary portion of the frame- The dial 99, is simply employed for mental member 77, to second position, thereby raising the dog 81, out of engagement with the pawl 82, through the instrumentality o'f the bell crank 79, rock bar 80, and release bar 78. This permits the pawl 82, to

engage with the ratchet 84, thereby coupling the Adrive shaft 62, to the gear wheel 63, and causing the shaft 36, to be rotated in the di- 4rection of the arrow.

t9 handwheel 90, be turned to move the dial In a cycle of operation, the segmental 125 racks 35, are given one complete rotation, but inasmuch as only one segmental rack has been thrown intomesh with any of the. gear wheels, that rack effects a partial rotation of said gear wheel. In this case the seg- 139 .65 causes rotation Aof the selecting mental rack, having'but one tooth, isvin`te r, l lmeshed with its associated gear wheel, .con

sequently said Igear Wheel is rotated a dis? tance equal to three teeth (centerto center) thereby moving the selecting mechanism' three steps d r, .in other words, bringing the fourthy arm of the series into upright f position. The key` corresponding to vthe' fourth arm is Z, and is the character which' will-be exhibited by the character bearing element or lcharacter .printing element,` actuated by thev lever 27.' By thisA time therib, 60, 'on the shaft 59,'is in position about vto inthe continued rotation'osaid shaftv59, said rib 60, passes underneath the arms 52,

raises saidarms and depresses' theforward ends offthe 4levers 52,3'and therewith all of the levers 27, one. of 4which (the fourth one ,in-Q, this -instance) #strikes against the abutment presentedftdit, thereby causing the long or rear endofh'that lever to be swung barv h, returns the released shift leverto inoperative position, whereupon the dog28, drops in front of said shift lever and linally the lug 87 on the shaft 59, strikes the bear.-

"the position `'seen in- Fig. 7, thereby swing-A ing. the dog"- 81, down into, active position' l and raising the bar'172. The continued-y r.o

tation of thev drive shaft brings the pawlBQ,A

into engagementf with'the dog 81, where-f upon said -pawl, is detached from theratchet.

Assuming now that it isdesiredto send the message ,Add incipher and 1t is understoodthat the key.v orcode -is Q," 1 on 1,

dial registers with thenumefral 1 on the ring dial and the number 1 on the ring registers with the .numeral 1 on the index` indicated by L and that the, clutch 43 has been set to drive the selecting mechanism in the direction indicated by the arrow. lhe dials and clutch are' set in accordance withthisA key, by turning the ringd-ial 99, until the char'- acter 1 thereon registerswith the character l on the scale-a, and thereafter by turning the handivheel 90, (toward the right or left) lto bring the letter O on the dial 94, opposite the characters l on the ring" diall and scale a. Rotation ci' the handuf'heel 92, hanism engage the arms 524,01 the levers 52, anclarms 52, andthe cam 30d,.'draws back the ing face 8,8, ofthereleafse bar, moving'it to L, F, in other words that the letter Q, on thek shaft,39, and whenthe. handwheel 90, hasl been turned far' enough to bring the' char- Y acter O o -n the dial 94, opposite Ithe character 1` on the scale a, it will be observed .thatthe thirty-third arm'of the selecting 70 mechanism is -brought to an upright active position, ,because the dial shaft'95, and selecting mechanism shaft39, 'rotate at equal' speedsand th'e 'number of arms 3.8,. are equal tont-he4 number'of characters `on ther dial194, and are spaced uniformly; around. the shaft- The keysA D D. ara now struck,v one after the other, and translated' into I T This translation is accomplished as follows, "ret- @rence being had -to the diagrammatic y'chart illustrated in Fig. 2, vwhich shows the .char a'ct'ers denoted on the keys, arranged in a straight line and identified by thenumerals 1 to 38, inclusi,fe,'sai dinumerals also repre` senting the f'psitioniv, of each key and therelative position ofjeacharm of the selecting mechanism. Itmwil'l be seenthat'when :the-key is depressed, the'sel'ecting mechanism'.isirolledback four steps front its initial position, viz.' the'point'wh'ere the-- Vthirty-third,armv,was in active positionto trip character presenting lever, which' controls character O ofthe typewriting ma; chine orgdisapla4 targets.` "In depressing the' keys,'bearing t `e characters A D .D the Se- 95 lectingmech'anism was therefore rolled back first foursteps (when A was struck), 'bringing it to'a positionl Where I'was printed, 'then rolled -b'ack twelve steps rmore (when D was struck), bringing it to .a position where''l was printed,land then rolled back twelve more steps (when D i was again struck), y bringing it to a placewhere the character Wjwas printed. InA translating 'this message, the operatorfirst sets the dials to the initial or key point ('O 1 on 1 L F) as in sending'the message, and'strikes Athe character keys I T W in succession but after he has struck a key andfbefore striking the next l `key he first re-sets the dial 94 to bring the 11o same character thereon, as' the one which 1 on the scale a, that is,after he hasistruck the key bearing the character l, he turns :posite the numeral 1 o f'the scale a before striking the' key bearing the character T,

and thereafter turns the dial to bring the character T thereon intow register with'the numeral l of the scale a before he strikes the character W. rlhis re-setting of the dial Y for each character to be printed'is necessaryl in translatingv the message, but is not so in preparing the message.

t is obvious that a great varietyV bf com` binations or codes may be devised in conor. with a machine of. this class, and

" tcticali', A,n impossibility to de message,- because the y any never be used a sec'- is@ 'ietf -he h'as struck, into register with the numeral l the dial to bring the character l thereon op- 115 ond time for indicating the corresponding letter in the message. It is obvious that the messages may be prepared upon the machine and transmitted by letter, telegraph or otherwise, to a second party who having knowledge of the key-board and having a duplicate machine, may readily translate the same into an intelligent message.

I realize Vthat various alterations and modifications of. this device are possible without departing from the spirit ofl my invention, and I do not therefore desire to limit myself to the exact form'of construction shown and described. Y

I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

l. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a key lever, a gear wheel associated therewith, a segmental rack normally out of mesh with said gear wheel, but capable of intermeshing therewith, a shift lever under the control of said key lever and operatively connected to said gear wheel, movement of said shift lever in one direction being adapted to threw the gear wheel and segmental rack into mesh with each other, means for rot-ating said segmental rack, selecting mechanism operatively connected to said gear wheel and arranged to be actuated therefrom, individual character presenting elements each having a certain `character thereon and arranged to be acted upon by said selecting mechanism7 and independent actuating means for actuating said character presenting element affccted by the selecting mechanism.

2. In a machine of the'class described, a key-board the keys of which denote certain characters, a key lever for each key, a dog carried by each lever, a spring actuated shift lever normally in engagement with an associated dog, a shiftable gear wheel associated with each shift 'lever and arranged to be shifted thereby, a common shaft upon which all of said gears are slidably but nonrotatably mounted, a segmental rack associated with each gear wheel, said' gear wheels being normally out of meshwith their associated racks but capable .if being thrown into mesh therewith, one at a time, upon the depression of a key lever, driving means for rotating said racks, selecting mechanism actuated from said gear wheels, and character presenting elements arranged to be acted uponV by saidselecti'ng mechanism.

combination of a series of individual character presenting elements, a series of corresponding character denoting keys, operative connections for said character presenting elements, under the control of said keys, and having means for changing the relation between the keys and the individual character presenting elements, including' an indi- 3. In a machine of the class described, the

made known. 4

4. In a machineof the class described, a series of independent character presenting levers, a series of character denoting keys, controlling the action of said levers, and means for changing the relation between any key and the levers, whereby different levers areA actuated upon the depressing of the one and the same key a number of times in succession. y

5. In a machine of the classdescribed,

having a series of active places arranged around its axis of rotation, and a series of suitably operated, character presenting elements, each capable of co-acting with an active place on said selecting mechanism.

- 6. In a machine of .the class described, a key controlled, rotary selecting mechanism, having a series of abutments arranged spirally around its axis of rotation, and a series of suitably operated character presenting elements, each capable of co-acting with one of said abutments on said selecting mechanism.

7. In a machine of the class described, a key controlled, rotary selecting mechanism, having a series of arms arranged around its aXis in spiral formation, the terminal ends of said arms acting as stops, any one of whichmay be brought into active position, and a series of suitably operated character presenting elements each capable of co-acting with one of said arms of said selecting mechanism.

`8. In a machine of the class described, a key controlled gear wheel, a suitably driven, rotary segmental rack with which said gear wheel may be thrown into mesh by the action 'of a key, a selecting mechanism driven from said gear wheel and having a` series of active places arranged spirallythereon, a series ofv character presenting le'vers each vof which is adapted for engagement with an active place onf' said selecting mechanism, movable members supporting one end of said character presenting levers, yieldable supports for the other ends of said levers and means for rocking said movable supports and therewith the characterA presenting levers toward the selecting mechanism.

9. In a machine, of the `class described, a key controlled gear wheel, a rotary segmental rack with which said gear wheel may lbe thrown intomesh by the action of said key, a rotary selecting mechanism arranged to be rotated by said gear wheel, said selectarranged spirally around its axis of rotation, and a series of character presenting levers associated with said selecting mechanism, and having alined portions arranged to be acted upon by some me of said abutments of the selecting mechanism.

`cating dial whereby said'change may ben a key controlled,rotary selecting mechanism, I

ing mechanism having a series of abutments thereon, and aj series? of individual' character presenting levers -hlaying 'alined1portionsfany one of whichis laulapted.totbe at-A fected byoneof saidactive places on the,v

said selectingmechanisml;

l1. In a machine 0f vthe Class a key controlled gearwheel, nieansi for eifect-v t ing -a partial.4 rotation thereof, selecting mechanislndriven by said` 'gear wheel, individual character presenting' elements associatedther'ewith, and-,arranged t'o'j'be en-v gaged oneat a time by said s .e1ecting m'ech .Y anism, tralnsof rightand left hand gearing between said gearwheel and selecting mechV anism', and clutch mechanism fori'throw'ing ether'ofsaid trains of gearing into operal2..A In a-machine of theV class described, key controlled selecting mechanism'having. a seriesof abutments, a series of-levers asso- "ciatedtherewith, means for simultaneously rocking all ofthelevers, andcharaciter pre,

'senting levers fulcrumedf upon said rst named-levers and'arranged to be simultaneolusly moved toward said s electing'mechanism insuch position thatl one ofsaid .charader-"presenting levers contacts with and `fulcrums upon an acting' abutment.

, 13. ,In a machine'of the claS'sHeSCribed,

key? controlled selecting mechanism having a. series of radial, spirall tive positiomirooklevers and means for rockingfsaid levers, and character resent- -inglevers, one pivotallyconnected with'each rock lever, andhavinga terminal end ar-l ranged t'ocontact with a'n active arm of the selecting ',Iriechanism, v| whereby -when said. rockflevers arefmved .into operative posi'-l tion, one of saidcharacter presenting leversj engages said active aifm'fand-l is given. a` sep-l arate and .independent action,` v

In witne's'sgiwh reof, Il have signed .my name, at Chicago,- `Cook: county, Illinois, Vthis l-iWfessesz" f ,f PHILIP L.'-GOODMAN,

-.40 g arranged arms, 'any oneof which maybe rought to an ,ac-r.

2nd.- dayfqf. Marh, A; 13,1912; 55j

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