US10372349B2 - Method and apparatus for facilitating wear leveling of solid state disk - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for facilitating wear leveling of solid state disk Download PDF

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US10372349B2
US10372349B2 US15/387,744 US201615387744A US10372349B2 US 10372349 B2 US10372349 B2 US 10372349B2 US 201615387744 A US201615387744 A US 201615387744A US 10372349 B2 US10372349 B2 US 10372349B2
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ssd
ssd device
weight
performance parameter
threshold
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US20170192695A1 (en
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Xinlei Xu
Liam Xiongcheng Li
Jian Gao
Lifeng Yang
Ruiyong Jia
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EMC Corp
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    • G06F12/08—Addressing or allocation; Relocation in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems
    • G06F12/0802—Addressing of a memory level in which the access to the desired data or data block requires associative addressing means, e.g. caches
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    • G06F3/0629—Configuration or reconfiguration of storage systems
    • G06F3/0631—Configuration or reconfiguration of storage systems by allocating resources to storage systems
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    • G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
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    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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    • G06F3/0668—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems adopting a particular infrastructure
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    • G06F3/0668—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems adopting a particular infrastructure
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    • G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F2212/60—Details of cache memory

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to storage technology and more specifically relate to a method and apparatus for facilitating wear leveling of a solid state disk (SSD).
  • SSD solid state disk
  • SSD solid state disk
  • HDD hard disk drive
  • the lifecycle of the SSD is greatly impacted by writing operation, which is different from HDD. Too many writing operations would render the SSD unreliable.
  • the number of writing operations that can be performed by a SSD flash disk is limited and varies according to the type of SSD. For example, the number of writing operations that can be performed by multi-level cell (MLC) is only a tenth of that of a single-level cell (SLC), while the number of writing operations that can be performed by a three-level cell (TLC) is only a tenth of that of the MLC.
  • MLC multi-level cell
  • TLC three-level cell
  • the lifecycle of the SSD is affected by disk temperature and working current of the SSD. When the temperature or working current is high, the wearing extent of SSD will be great, thereby causing more SSD data blocks to break down.
  • a method for facilitating wear leveling of a solid state disk comprises obtaining a performance parameter of a SSD device of a plurality of SSD devices in the SSD cache, and the SSD device comprises one or more SSD disks.
  • the method further comprises determining a weight for the SSD device based on the performance parameter of the SSD device.
  • the method also includes setting reserved space for the SSD device according to the weight for the SSD device, and the reserved space is inaccessible in the SSD device.
  • an apparatus for facilitating wear leveling of a solid state disk comprises an obtaining unit configured to obtain a performance parameter of a SSD device of a plurality of SSD devices in the SSD cache, and the SSD device comprises one or more SSD disks.
  • the apparatus further comprises a determining unit configured to determine a weight for the SSD device based on the performance parameter of the SSD device.
  • the apparatus also comprises a setting unit configured to set reserved space for the SSD device according to the weight for the SSD device, and the reserved space is inaccessible in the SSD device.
  • an apparatus for facilitating wear leveling of a solid state disk comprises a memory and a processor.
  • the processor is configured to obtain a performance parameter of a SSD device of a plurality of SSD devices in a SSD cache, wherein the SSD device comprises one or more SSD disks; to determine a weight for the SSD device based on the performance parameter of the SSD device; and to set reserved space for the SSD device according to the weight for the SSD device, wherein the reserved space is inaccessible in the SSD device.
  • wear of each of the SSD disks can be leveled, thereby lengthening lifecycle of the SSD disk and enhancing stability of SSD cache effectively.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a structural diagram of a SSD cache 100 of the prior art:
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an example of failure of the SSD cache 100 of the prior art
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a flow diagram of method 300 for facilitating wear leveling of the SSD according to the embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a structural diagram of a SSD cache 400 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an example that the SSD cache 400 dynamically sets reserved space according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a block diagram of apparatus 600 for wear leveling of the SSD according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a block diagram of a computer device 700 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
  • each block in the flow diagrams or block diagrams may represent a unit, a program segment, or a part of code; the unit, program segment, or part of code may include one or more executable instructions for implementing logical functions as prescribed in various embodiments.
  • the functions indicated in the blocks may also occur in a sequence different from what is indicated in the drawings.
  • each block in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and a combination of blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams may be implemented using a specific hardware-based system that performs prescribed functions or operations, or may be implemented using a combination of specific hardware and computer instructions.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a structural diagram of a example SSD cache 100 of the prior art.
  • the SSD cache 100 comprises four SSD devices, that is, a SSD device 101 , a SSD device 102 , a SSD device 103 and a SSD device 104 , and each device is comprised of a pair of SSD disks, and the pair of SSD disks form a disk array, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID).
  • RAID redundant array of independent disks
  • a certain reserved space is configured for SSD disk to lengthen the lifecycle of a SSD disk.
  • the ratio between the reserved space and the whole space of SSD disk is fixed.
  • a ratio between the reserved space and the whole space is configured for each SSD disk, and the reserved space is the storage space that cannot be accessed in the SSD disk.
  • the storage space can be divided into available space and reserved space for each disk SSD, and the reserved space for each SSD device is the same, for example, 50%.
  • the accessing operation transmitted to SSD device 102 may be a random writing operation, which might cause the temperature and working current of SSD device 102 to increase significantly. If the writing operations are too frequent, the wearing speed of SSD device 102 would be faster than the other three SSD devices, i.e., SSD device 101 , 103 and 104 . Even more serious is that due to rapid increase of the temperature and working current of the SSD device 102 , failure block(s) of SSD device 102 increases significantly.
  • a fixed ratio of reserved space in each SSD device in the prior art is configured without taking into consideration of impact of the temperature and the working current on the individual SSD lifecycle.
  • the temperature and/or working current of the SSD device 102 is too high, causing the wearing extent of SSD device 102 to increase constantly.
  • the wearing extent of the SSD device 102 exceeds the security threshold, the SSD device 102 will have a failure or become inaccessible, thereby incurring failure of the whole SSD cache 100 .
  • the excessively rapid wearing speed of SSD device 102 renders the whole SSD cache 100 unavailable while the wearing ratio of the other three devices remains small. Therefore, the traditional fixed ratio of reserved space severely affects the overall performance of the storage system.
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a flow diagram of method 300 for facilitating wear leveling of the SSD according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the method 300 comprises obtaining a performance parameter of each of the plurality of SSD devices in the SSD cache at step 302 , and each SSD device comprises one or more SSD disks.
  • the number of SSD devices can be any value equal to or bigger than 2, for example, 4 or 6.
  • each SSD device may comprise only one SSD disk, that is, each SSD device may be one SSD disk.
  • each SSD device may also comprise a pair of SSD disks to form a RAID.
  • a plurality of SSD devices may form SSD cache in a storage system.
  • the storage system may comprise other disk devices (e.g. HDD) as the main storage medium while the SSD may be used as the cache in the HDD storage system.
  • SSD cache uses cache page to store frequently accessed hot data in the HDD, and the hot data are random data and can be smaller than for example 64 KB.
  • the magnitude of each cache page may be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • the performance parameter of each of the plurality of SSD devices can be obtained periodically.
  • the temperature and working current of each SSD device are obtained every day or every three hours.
  • a warning condition may be configured, and the operation of obtaining performance parameter of the SSD device is triggered based on the warning condition. For example, when the temperature of a certain SSD device is higher than 40° C. or the working current is greater than 1.2A, the performance parameter of each of the plurality of SSD devices is obtained.
  • a weight for each SSD device is determined based on the performance parameter of the respectively SSD device.
  • the weight for each SSD device is determined based on the temperature, the working current or the wearing ratio of SSD device.
  • the weight for each SSD device may be in direct proportion or in inverse proportion to the value of its performance parameter.
  • t increases, the value of w n is increased; and when I increases, the value of w n is also increased.
  • the higher SSD disk temperature is, or the bigger the working current is, the more likely that the disk is damaged.
  • the weight can be configured so that it increases as the performance parameter increases.
  • the weight can be configured so that it decreases as the performance parameter decreases. That is, the bigger the value of the performance parameter is, the greater the weight for the SSD device is.
  • each SSD device has the same temperature, working current and wearing ratio so that the weight value of each SSD device can be equal, for example, set to 1.
  • the reserved space for each SSD device is configured based on the weight for each SSD device.
  • the storage space for each SSD device can be divided into available space and reserved space, and the available space is the storage space that can be accessed in the SSD device, while the reserved space is the inaccessible storage space in the SSD device.
  • the reserved space can be configured with the biggest ratio.
  • the reserved space can be configured with the smallest ratio.
  • the accessing frequency of the SSD device is in direct proportion to the available space of the SSD device. Therefore, the accessing times of the SSD device and the reserved space of the SSD device are in inverse proportion. That is, when a specific SSD device is configured with the largest ratio of reserved space, the number of times that the specific SSD device is written is the smallest, and when the specific SSD device is configured with the smallest ratio of reserved space, the number of times that the specific SSD device is written is the largest. Therefore, the reserved space of the SSD device with greater wearing ratio will increase, and its wearing speed will decrease; the reserved space of the SSD device with lower wearing, ratio will decrease, and its wearing speed will increase, so that all the SSD devices in the whole SSD cache will achieve wear leveling.
  • FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a structural diagram of a SSD cache 400 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the SSD cache 100 comprises four SSD devices, that is, a SSD device 401 , a SSD device 402 , a SSD device 403 and a SSD device 404 , and each SSD device is comprised of a pair of SSD disks forming a RAID.
  • the reserved space is configured in each SSD disk, and the reserved space is the inaccessible storage space in the SSD disk.
  • the storage space for each disk SSD can be divided into available space and reserved space. Under the default condition, each SSD device has the same temperature, the same working current and the same wearing ratio. Therefore, the reserved space for each SSD device is the same, for example, 50%.
  • each SSD device may be 100 GB and comprise a plurality of cache pages.
  • each cache page may be 64 KB, and 1,620,000 pages exist for each SSD device. Under the default condition, if the default reserved space is 50 GB, then 810,000 available pages and 810,000 reserved pages may exist for each SSD device.
  • the weight may be configured for each SSD device.
  • the weight may be configured so that it increases as the performance parameter increases.
  • the weight can be configured so that it decreases as the performance parameter decreases. That is, the, bigger the value of the performance parameter is, the greater the SSD device weight is.
  • each SSD device has the same temperature, the same working current and the same wearing ratio so that the weight value of each SSD device can be equal, for example, set to 1.
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an example that SSD cache 400 dynamically sets reserved space according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the SSD cache works for a period of time, since the times of writing operations of SSD device 402 is increased, its temperature and working current increase significantly.
  • the reserved space of the SSD device 402 is increased, for example, the ratio of reserved space for the SSD device 402 is configured as 66.7%.
  • the ratio of its reserved space is configured as 41.7%. After the reserved spaces for the four SSD devices are adjusted dynamically, the SSD cache continues to work.
  • FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a block diagram of apparatus 600 for facilitating wear leveling of the SSD according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the apparatus 600 comprises an obtaining unit 602 configured to obtain a performance parameter of a SSD device of a plurality of SSD devices in a SSD cache, and the SSD device comprises one or more SSD disks.
  • the apparatus 600 further comprises a determining unit 604 configured to determine a weight for the SSD device based on the performance parameter of the SSD device.
  • the apparatus 600 also comprises a setting unit 606 configured to set reserved space for the SSD device according to the weight for the SSD device, and the reserved space is inaccessible in the. SSD device.
  • the SSD cache uses cache page(s) to store hot data frequently accessed in a hard disk drive (HDD).
  • the hot data is random data and its size may be smaller than 64 KB.
  • the performance parameter may comprise at least one of the following: a temperature, a working current and a wearing ratio.
  • the obtaining unit 602 may be further configured to r obtain the performance parameter of the SSD device periodically.
  • the determining unit 604 is configured to set the weight for the SSD device so that the weight increases as the performance parameter increases; and/or configuring the weight for the SSD device so that the weight decreases as the performance parameter decreases.
  • the default weight for each SSD device is the same.
  • the setting unit 606 may be further configured to set the reserved space greater than threshold space in response to the weight being above a predetermined threshold; and/or setting the reserved space less than threshold space in response to the weight being below the predetermined threshold.
  • the setting unit 606 may be configured to set the biggest ratio of reserved space for SSD device having the biggest weight; and/or set the smallest ratio of reserved space for SSD device having the smallest weight.
  • the number of times that the specific SSD device is written is the smallest; and/or when the specific SSD device is configured with a reserved space with the smallest ratio, the number of times that the specific SSD device is written is the largest.
  • FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a block diagram of a computer device 700 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
  • the computer device as shown in FIG. 7 comprises a central processing unit (CPU) 701 , a random access memory (RAM) 702 , a read only memory (ROM) 701 a system bus 704 , a hard disk controller 705 , a keyboard controller 706 , a serial interface controller 707 , a parallel interface controller 708 , a display controller 709 , a hard disk 710 , a keyboard 711 , a serial external device 712 , a parallel external device 713 and a display 714 .
  • CPU central processing unit
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • what are coupled to the system bus 704 include the CPU 701 , the RAM 702 , the ROM 703 , the hard disk controller 705 , the keyboard controller 706 , the serial interface controller 707 , the parallel interface controller 708 , and the display controller 709 .
  • the hard disk 710 is coupled to the hard disk controller 705
  • the keyboard 711 is coupled to the keyboard controller 706
  • the serial external device 712 is coupled to the serial interface controller 707
  • the parallel external device 713 is coupled to the parallel interface controller 708
  • the display 714 is coupled to the display controller 709 .

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