US1035687A - Flying-machine. - Google Patents

Description

Tl WI FLYING MAOHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2,1911

Patented Aug. 13, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES ATTORNEYS T. W. CAREY, JR.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLIOA'fION FILED MAY 2,1911.

Patented Aug. 13,1912.

z SHEETS-31121 2. .17

WWW w ATTORNEYS 40 will be more full described hereinafter and UNITED str TEs PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS WILLIAM CAREY, JR, 01? NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.

FLYING-MACHINE.

i Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug. 13,1912- Application filed May 2, 1911.

Serial No. 624,537.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS W. CAREY,

Jr., a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New Orleans, in the parish of Orleans and State of Louisiana, have invented a new and Improved Flying-Machine, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description. Thisinvention relates to a new and improved flying machine, and particularly to the means for controlling the equilibrium and balance of the same.

It has been found in aeroplanes, that in circling to make a turn, the aeroplane as a whole tilts'sid'ewise,-due to the centrifugal force and resistance. If too short a turn is tried, this tilting or inverse angle of in clination becomes, at least dangerous, if not disastrous, as there is a tendency for the flying machine to fall with'its side edge downward, offering little or no resisting surface to the air.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a flying machine with one or more sets of equlibrium planes and ailerons adapted to counteract this tilting action and reduce theinverse angle, whereby shorter turns may be accomplished with less danger.

A further object of this invention is to provide afiying machine with'one'or more 9 sets" of e uilibrium planes adapted to be tilted to orm a dihedral angle, and cooperatively connected with ailerons adapted to turn in opposite directions simultaneously with the manipulation of the equilibrium planes,'whereby the equilibrium and tilting of the flying machine can be controlled to a nicety. These and further objects, together? with the construction and combination of parts,

particularly set orth in the claims. v

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming. a part 'of this specithe'views', and in which-- the aeroplane, showing. the equilibrium planes and ailerons tilted into one of their Figure 1 is a fragmentary top plan view; Figs. 2 and 3 are fragmentary'perspective views of the left and right-hand {3011210118 of osition's, as for example, in makings turn 0 the right, whereby they will counteract to a certain extent the tendency of the aero P plane to tilt to the right; Fig. '41 is a frag;

'mentary sectional view showing the means for operating one of the equilibrium planes; Fig. 51s a section taken at right-angles to that in Fig. 4, and showing the same detall; Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section on the llne of Fig. 1; and F ig. 7 is a detail showing the connection of the controlling ropes to the controlling wheel.

Referring more particularly to the separate parts of this invention as embodied in the form shown in the drawings, 1 indi- .cates an aeroplane, which may be of any suitable type, such as a monoplane, biplane, or the hke, and in this instance is shown in the form of a inonoplane having a single supporting plane 2 secured in any well own manner to a frame 3. 'In order. to take thestrain' off the extreme ends of the supporting plane 2, due to the flying machine forcing its way through the air, ther is provlded a truss arrangement, indicate at 4:, which is shown in the form of a tie 5 secured at its ends to the outer ends of the supporting plane 2, and passing over, intermediate its ends, struts 6 and 7 rojecting forwardly in the longitudinal direction .of the flying machine, whereby the strain on the ends of the support-in plane is trans-, mitted to points adpcenttfie frame 3. It will be seen that this truss arrangement ex tends substantially in the'plane of the supporting plane 2, and projects forwardly rom the front edge thereof.

At each side of the supporting plane and'in fact at times forming extensions thereof, there is provided a movable plane, ,WlllCl'l, for the sake of distinction,will be called an equilibriumplane. These equilibrium lanes are indicated at 8 and 9;

The equi ibrium planes 8 and 9 are pivoted.

adjacentthe rear edge of the supporting. plane 2 at each side thereof. These ailerons.

are shown in the form ofplanes pivotally supported intermediate their. front and rear edges in any suitable manner, as by means of axes l3. While the equilibrium. planes and the'allerons may be 0 Grated separately, it IS preferable that they operated in unisun, so as to combine their effect in cont-rolling theposition and equilibrium of the flying machine. Any suitable means for effect ing this control may be utilized, and in this instance, I' have shown a controlling mem-, ber 14, in the form of 'a hand-wheel hav ng a shaft secured thereto. This shaft 15 is. rotatably mounted in any suitable manner on the frame 3, and-is provided with a drum a 16, overseparate portions of which extend 10 flexible connections 17 and 18. -These flexible connections may be fixedly; secured to the drum 16, so asto'preventslipping, or may depend on a: j, ;a-lity of turns to'transmit the driving movement of the hand-wheel '14 to the drum 16. One end ofeach' of the flexible connections 17' and 18 extends over suitable guide pulleys, indicated at'19, to-

theunder side of theailerons' 11 and 12, re-

spectively, beyond their pivotal axes,'.where t 29 ey are. secured adjacent the rear edges of .the ailerons and pass up over ailerons and in the opposite direction, to points where they are secured to equilibrium-plane operators 20, which in this instance are shown in the form of bell crank lever pulleys .rotatably mounted on brackets 21. I In passing to and from the point of connection with the rear edges of the ailerons, the flexible connec-- tions pass over'the ends of levers 120,which 3o projectv onopposite' sides of the ailerons to form attaching points. The opposite ends of the flexible connections 17 and 1 8, after passing over suitable guide-pulleys '22, are

also connected to-the operators 20, but ex tending thereto in the-opposite directi0n The two ends of the flexibleconnections '17 and'18 may passthrough an'opening 23in the operators, so as to secure the same fixedly to the operators, thereby preventing any" sIipping. The operators may be connects ed in any suitable mannerto the equilibrium I I planes;8 and 9, as-tfor example,"by the con nection 24, which is shown to be a universal connection, so ascto permit 'of the relative" pivotal movement of the'operators' and the" equilibrium planes. .In'. this instance, the connecting member'fzetisshown as comprising a bracket 25' secured to the equilibrium plane, a link '26 pivotally secured to the 26;, so as'to swing attright' angles-to 'the swinging movement of the link ,Ztijrela'tive to,v the bracket 25'." Th'e' bracket 27- may be ad "'85 justably secured to the operator i20jinr-aray suitable manner, "asby mean's'of'aslot an bolt connection 28. Itfiwill be noted that 'when the equilibrium planes 8 and'10. are in.

their horizontal position corresponding totheplane of the supporting plane 2,,"and

practically formingl'a continuation thereof,

the -operators and-the-,eonnecting mechanismbetween-the operators andathe equilibrium.

lanes, will be in the position shown in igs. 4 and 5, that is, with. thezbolt 28 sub- ,with the above description.

racket 25, so. as to swingin' one direction, f and abracket 27 pivotally' c0m1ected to-the' "stantially in alinement with the pivotal axes of the operators 20, with the elements g of the connecting-member 24 substantially in aliner'nent, representing adead-ce-nter position, whereby arotation of the operators in either direction will of necessity force the inner and shorter end of each'of the equilibrium'planes 8 and 9 downwardly,thereby forcing the. outer and'longer portions of the equilibrium planes 8 and 9"-upwardly,-thus forming a. dihedral angle.- It will be further seen that the movement of the equilibrium planes 8 and 9 is simultaneous with the movementof the ailerons '11 and 12, and that'this movement will al'waysbe from a horizontal position upward, to form a dihedr'al angle irrespective of whether the major portlon of the aileron 11 isiturned up Ii ing plane 2 forming an extension thGIBOf. This is also-true of the ailerons l1 and 12.

When it is desired to make a turn, say for example, to the right, this is done by manipulati'ng a vertical steering rudder (not shown) by any suitable means, and'simultaneously turning the wheel 14, so as to pull on the under run of the flexible connection 18 and the upper run of the flexible connection 17, thereby simultaneousy tiltingthe forward end of the aileron 12 upwardly, andthe'forwa-rd end of the aileron 11 downwardly, This action, it will be readily understood, will tend to raise the right-hand side'of the aeroplane, and depress the lefthand" side facing to'thefront), thereby tendin to counteract the normal tilt dueto I centri ugal force and resistance in making .the turn. This'efi'ec't is also aided by the simultaneous movement of the equilibrium 1 planes 8 and 9, which will .be swun with their-outer ends up, as indicated in igs. 2'

and-.3, thereby forming an inverse dihedral angle; The right equ1librium'plane'9 will "thereby offer a substantially flat surface," forming ,a supporting-surface for the, right side'of; the aeroplane, "which in this instance will be the lower.- Theupper surface of the left equilibrium "plane v8 will catch the air it I passing over the edge of, the right .equilibrium-plane i), and thereby a'ct totend to re turn the a ingmachine to a normal level' .keel; It will be found that this action will reduce the cant or tilt of'the flying machine .in'makin'g av short turn, to a'considerable 13o extent, so-that shorter -turns can be made 4 with less danger. It is to be understood that a turn to the left would be accomplished in a similar manner, the aileron l1 assuming a forward and upward inclination, and the aileron12 a forward and downward inclination, whilethe-equilibrium planes 8 'and 9 will again be tilted with their outer ends a up, so as to form an inversedihedral angle,

1 i5, be protected in variouschang-es, alterations as above, theimajor portions (if the equilibrium planesextending above the supporting plane2.

- While I have shown one embodlment of my'invention, I do not-wish to be limited to the specific details thereof, but desire to and modifications which may come within the scope of the appended claims. It is to c I atively connectedsoas'to move simultanes or more supporting planes on said he understood that the arrangement can be readily adapted to any type of aeroplane, whether ithas one or more supporting planes, :and if a plurality of supportiu planes are used, the equilibrium planes an ailerons may also be multiplied and connected' to move in unison.

Having thus described my mventlon, I

,claim as. new and desire to secure by Letters ;:I?at ent:---. g 1 lg-The combination witha frame, of one or more supporting planes on said frame, an equilibrium plane and an aileron pivotally mounted adjacent one another in each side of the supporting plane so as to normally extend in the same plane with the latter, and having their axes at right-angles to'one another, and means to simultaneously actuate the said e uilibrium planes and ailerons at opposite si es, inrelatively opposite directions whereby the former maybe moved to slope toward one another at an inverted dihedral angle. j i

2. The combination witha frame of one frame, a pair of pivotally-mounted equilibrium planes, manually-controlled mechanism for moving said equilibriumplanes from a nor-. malhorizontal position to positionsiwherein the equilibrium planes slope toward each other at an inverted dihedral angle, and a pair of pivotally-mounted ailerons operously in opposite directions at the same time that said equilibrium planes move.

3. The combination with a frame, of one or moresup or-ting planes on said frame, a Jpairof equi ibrium planes pivotally mountoint a greater distance from their outer si e edges than from their inner side edges, and mechanism for simultaneousl moving the inner edges of both the equilibrium planes downwardly and simultaneously moving both'of the outer edges up-. wardlv i 4. Th combination 'witha framepof one or'more supporting planes on said frame, a

ed at a point a greater distance from their outer side edges than from their inner side edges, mechanism for simultaneously moving the inner edges of both the equilibrium planes downwardly and simultaneously moving both of the outer edges upwardly, a pair of pivotally-mounted ailerons, and connections between said ailerons and said mechanism adapted to simultaneously tilt said ailerons in opposite directions with. the movement of said equilibrium planes.

5. The combination with a frame, of'one or more sup orting planes on said frame, a pair of equi ibrium planes pivotally mount-- e'd so as to swing about longitudinal axes, a pairof ailerons pivotally mounted so as to swing about transverse axes, and mechanism 7 for simultaneously tilting the major portion a l of said equilibrium planes upward and inclinix ifg said ailerons in o posite directions.

6. he combination wit or more supporting planes on said frame, a pair of pivotally-mounted equilibrium planes, an operator for each of said equilibrlum planes, 9. pair of pivotally-mounted ailerons, a hand wheel, and operative connections between said hand-wheel-and said ailerons and between said hand-wheel and said operators. p

7. The combination with a frame, of one or more supportirlifg planes on said frame, a-

pair of pivot -mounted equilibrium planes, :1. rotatably-mounted pulley for each of said equllibrium planes, a link connecand each of said pulleys, a hand wheel, and flexible connections between said handwheel and said pulleys.

8. The combination with a frame pair of pivotally mounted planes a rotatably-mounted ulley for each of said equilibrium plane's, a ink connection between ea ch of said equilibrium planes and equilibrium of one or more supporting planes on said frame, a

a frame, of one tion between each of said. equilibrium planes each of said pulleys, a hand wheel, flexible connections between said hand-wheel and V;

said pulleys, and a pair of pivotally-mounted ailerons, said flexible connections being so a connected to said ailerons as ,to simultaneously manipulate them in opposite direc: tions at the same time that said equilibrium planes are manipulated by said pulleys;

or more supporting planes on said frame, a

pair of mQvably-mounted equilibrium 9. The combination witha frame, of one 10. The combination with a frame, of one or more. supporting planes on said frame, a

pair .of pivotall 'y mounted equilibrium planes, a rotatably-mounted operator for manipulating each of said equilibrium planesfanniversal connection between each of said operators and each of said equilibrium planes for allowing for the relative pivotal movement of said operators and said equilibrium planes, and means for manipulating said operators.

11. The combination with a frame, of one or more supporting planes on said frame,

said pulleys, whereby said equilibrium.

planes and said ailerons may be simultaneously manipulated j' 12. The combination with a frame, of one or more supporting planes on said frame, a pair of pivotally-mounted equilibriumw planes, a pair of pivotally-mounted ailerons, a pulley-operator for each of said equilibrium planes, an ad ustable link connection between each of said pulleys and said ,equi

librium plane's, a hand-wheel, and aflexible connection operated by said hand-wheel, connected to each of said ailerons and passing over each of said pulleys, whereby said equilibrium planes and said ailerons may simultaneously manipulated.

1 In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. j

THOMAS WILLIAM CAREY, JR. Witnesses: v a A. M. WARNER,

- MALCOLM J. TAYLOR,

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