US1034698A - Oil-well apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

c.v W. DAVISSON. OIL WELL APPARATUS.

APPLIUATION FILED 00T.10, 1911.

L 1,034,698. PatentedAug. 6,1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

MA i Q Znvenrar. Carl W .Davzbfiozv.

C. W. DAVISSON. OIL WELL APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED 00T.10, 191 1 Patenfied' Aug. 6, 1912..

2 SHEETS SHEET 2.

[71128 72. Z: or. Carl diflwzlszsozz.

wzlinesses Q "UNITED STATES PATEN CARL w. nAvIssou, or- LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

oIL-WELL APPARATUS.

It is 'anobject. of the inventionto provide a pressure producing and distributing mechanism which maybe applied to the pumping machinery of oneor more oil wells.

It isalso an object of the invention to provide means whereby compressed air may be supplied and used foroperating the pumps in'oil wells, the air after being used being also further conserved and utilized again.

It is also an object of the invention to provide mechanism capable of application tothe. walking beams of well pumps and to provide the same with controlling valves which are automatically operated 'by the action of the machinery, means also being provided for compressing and directing the walking beams. a

In the accompanying drawing'formin-g a elevation of the mechanism mounted at a series of oil wells for operating the pumps at said wells-with compressed air, the said view also illustrating the compressing and distributing means for the air. Fig. 2 is a vertical central sectional view taken through a cylinder employed for operating the said pump mechanism, the same being shown upon an enlarged scale and parts being shown in elevation. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the pumping cylinder and the valve mechanism mounted upon the head thereof. Fig. 4 is a detail plan view of the valve controlling mechanism mounted upon the head of an air cylinder. Fig. 5,-is a detail secl tional view-through the valve mechanism shown in Fig. 4, the section being also taken throughthe adjacent part of the cylinder head. Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view taken upon the line 66 of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a detail side elevation of the crank and crank shaft. a

' Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed October 10, 1911. Serial No. 653,769.

air to the said mechanisms applied to the part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side' .T' The pumping mechanism of oil wells hasf Patented Au c.1912.-

been heretofore operated by various means, including steam power, the steam being generated and supplied'to one or more wells for use. The use of steam however, is very expensive since the steam must be exhausted into the atmosphere in all apparatus hereto-- fore used and there is therefore a constant loss. The present invention is designed. to I use mechanically compressed means preferably air whichis directed to and properly .65 caused to move the pumping mechanism, the exhausting air being'retained and returned to the compressing mechanism whereby a large percentage of the compressed air is saved for further :use andthe'work of com- 70' pressing and maintaining the pressure of the air is greatly reduced and accomplished on an economicalscale.

In the accompanying drawing the preferred form of mechanism has been illustrated.

The invention will now be more specifically described, reference being had to the said drawing in which- 10 indicates the upper ends of wells, 11 pump rods extending into the same, and 12 walking beams which are pivotally mounted upon standards 13 and, capable of being rocked in the'usual way for raising and lowering the working barrels or other parts of umps.

he device contemplated by this invention is readily adapted to the usual or ordinary well rigs employing walking beams and which are generally capable of connection with a crank 14, carried by a crank shaft 15 mounted upon a standard 16 in the usual way and having a crank driving wheel 17 which may be operated by any desired mechanism. The crank 14 is usually 'con- 9 nected with the adjacent end of the walking beam for oscillating it. and the present instance a cylinder 18 is employed hav ing a pivoted loop '19 suspended in its open lower end and connected with the saidcrank 100 14; The loop 19 may be of any usual or ordinary construction and is pivoted inthe end of. the cylinder 18 upon a bolt It will be understood that the said cylinder might be connected directly with the, stand- 19 other-desired manner, within the spirit of the invention. As, however, nearly all Well rigs are provided with the cranks and 111;

I convenient to secure the crank shafts above referred to, it found cylinder 18 to the said cranks by means of the loops 19.

The cylinder 18 is closed at its upper end by a head 21 bolted in position in any usual or ordinary manner and a piston 22 is mounted within the cylinder and provided with a piston rod 23'which pro ects u wardly through the head 21 and tea s cient distance beyond the same to permit of the proper reciprocation of the piston with-' in the cylinder. The upper end of the piston rod 23 is usually formed with an eye 24 which is pivotally connected with the walking beam 12. The weight of the pumping machinery at one end of the walking beam operates to depress it, while the piston 22 which is operated'in the cylinder 18 operates to lift the said pump mechanism again by depressing the adjacent end of the walking beam 12. The cylinders are adapted to be supplied with air pressure through piping 25 and 26 which receives air from a compressor 27 through a pipe 28. The ex haust air from the cylinders 18 is received by piping'29 and returns through piping 30 and 31. to the cylinder of the compressor 27 again. Valves 32 and 33 control the outlet and return of air to the said compressor 27 so that the operation of the compressing piston 34 of the compressor by means of a crank wheel 35, will force the air out past the valve 32 into said pipe 28 and will upon its return stroke draw in the air exhausted from the system of cylinders through the pipe 31. Since there is always a loss of pressure in the system,

supply the deficit in the exhaust side of the system so as to keep the air in the supply.

pipes 25, 26 and 28 at a uniform and desired pressure. For this purpose an auxiliary compressor 36 is employed which may be of the same type as the compressor 27 and is adapted to take in atmospheric air through anlnlet 37 and compress and force the air through a pipe 38 to the pipe 31. In this manner'the required amount of air is maintained in the system'for operating the pistons 22. It is found in operation that about 60% of the air pressure can be uti lized over again and the auxiliary compressor 36 can readily supply the remaining air and pressure needed in the system.

The pipes 28 and 31 are usually provided with gages as 39 and 40 for showing the pressure on the two sides of the system. The pipes 28 and 31 are also connected with a cross pipe 41 having a by-pass check valve 42 thereinso that when the pressure, in the outgoing piping from the compressor 'exceeds that which is needed, the excess pressure will be carried into the exhaust side of the system and reduce the work necessary in the compressor.

In the event of the pressure becoming stem 52 is o it 1s necessary to said shaft 54 projecting arm 57 which is connected by a a beveled projection end of the lever 56.-

greater than desired or needed, a safety ou let valve 43 is used and connected with th The system is thus well adapte for the constant maintenance of an even -ai pressure, to operate the valve 44 for con trolling the admission of air to the difi'eren cylinders and the pipes 29 are also pro vided withvalves as 45. a Pipes 25 are each adapted to extend to valve chamber 46 formed upon the head 21 In each of said chambers 46, a valve-47 i: provided controlling the entrance of the ail into the adjacent end of the cylinder 18, 2 passage 48 being provided in the head 2] and arranged to be controlled by the said valve 47. The said valve 47 is preferably of the disk type and is formed with ports 49 and 50. The port 50 extends entirely through the valve 47 and when it is moved over the passage 48 is adapted to control the air from the inlet chamber 46 to escape into the cylinder. When the valve is turned, the port 49 which is in the form of a segmental recess made in the lower face of said valve 47, will connect the end of the passage 48 with anexh'aust outlet passage 51 formed in the head 21 of the cylinder. The said passage 51 extends to the periphery of the head where the exhaust air is delivered into the pipe 29 as will be understood by referenceto Fig. 3. The valve 47 is provided with a stem 52 having a reduced lower end. 53 which engages a socket bearing formed in the upper face of the ca 21. The upper end ofthe set and adapted to have .a spliced engagement with the lower ofl" set end of a shaft 54. The ofi set endsof the shaft and stem are coupled by means of a sleeve 55 into which they extend so that the is adapted to turn the valve stem whenit is turned. The upper end of the shaft'54 extends outside the wall of the chamber 46 and is provided with a lever 56. The said lever 56 is formed with a lateral-1y spring 58 with a pivoted latch 59. Said latch 59 is carried by the upper end of the shaft 60 'whichis journaled at 61 in the head 21. The latch 59 is formed with an inclined end 62 and a retaining notch forming a shoulder 63, which is adapted to engage 64 formed upon the Aspring 58.normally tends to pull the latch 59 against the stop pin 65 upon the head 21 and alsoitends to draw the arm 57 of the lever 56 tothe position illustrated in Fig. 4. When the lever 56 is turned against the action of the spring 58 for moving the valve 47 the beveled projection 64 will ride upon the inclined face 62 and force the lever 59 outwardly until the shoulder 63 of said lever 59, is sprung over said beveled'pro-' jection .64 and thus caused to-hold the lever 4 is in the position shown in Fig. 5 the valve 47 is in position to permit the exhaust of pressure from the cylinder 18. -When the lever 56 is turned so as to engage and be heldbythe latch 59 the inlet to the cylinder will be closed and the exhaust therefrom will be openedthrough the passageway 51.

In order to move the said lever- 56' to this position automatically at the proper time,

an auxiliary exhaust pipe 66 is provided,

one end of which extends throughthe walls of the cylinder 18 at a point a little more than half way down the length thereof as indicated at 67 while the upper end thereof extends into an upper extension 68 of the valve chamber 46. In this extension 68 a piston block 69 ismounted and is providedwith a pin 70 which extends upwardly therefrom and through a slot 7 1- in the top wall of the casing the pin latch engages an elongated slot 72 formed in the lever 56, the connection being such that when the piston 22 reaches a' point below the lower end of the pipe 66, the pressure within the cylinder will enter thepipe 66 and force the blockpiston 69 over in the casing and move the lever 56 into engagement with the'latch 59.

The lever '56 should be disconnected from the latch 59 at a proper time to close the exhaust outlet and to again open the air inlet to the cylinder 18 and for this purpose the shaft 60 has connected to its lower end a lever 73 which extends laterally from said shaft toward the piston rod 23' and in such' relation thereto that as the piston 22 rises in the'cylinder 18, 'a beveled post 74 pro-' vided on the upper side of the piston 22 will engage the inner free end of the lever 7 3 and push the same to one side, thus turn ing the shaft 60 sufficiently to swing the latch 59 with its shoulder 63 out of the path of the pivot projection 64;. The spring 58.

will thus operate to turn the lever 56 to the position shown in'Fig. 4 again and move the valve 4;? so as to admit air pressure into the cylinder 18 for forcing the, piston 22 downwardly again. It will be observed from the above description that the operation of the valve mechanism and the piston 22 is en tirely automatic and will continue intermittently depressing the outer end'of the walking beam 12 soias to lift'the pump mechanism. At each exhaust of the air from the cylinder 18 the weight of the working barrel and pumping mechanism will carry the walking beam in the \opposite direction a am. i l

Si'ncethe weight of the pumpingmechanism, including the usual working barrel becomes heavierthan is required for operating the walkin beam, it is preferable to employ counter ba ance weights 75 which may .be'

placed upon a 1 platform 76 journaled at 77 and having its ee end suspended by a cable 78 from an arm 79 secured to the walking beam. The arrangement is such that one or more weights 75 may be readily set upon the platform 76 so as to counterbalance the weight of the pumping tools and not make it necessary to employ such high pressure'in the cylinders 18 for carrying out the pumping operation as would otherwise \be re-' quired.

What I claim is: a

1. 3 A system of operating well pumps, comprising cylinders mounted adjacent to the wells and connected with the walking beams thereof, pistons movable in said cylinders, means for admitting compressed air to each cylinder, comprising valves, means foroperating the valves when thepistons approach one end of their cylinders, the said piston being arranged to uncover an exhaust outlet near one end of its stroke, means for delivering the pressure of the exhaustto the valve mechanism, and a plunger for operating the same to cut off the inlet of air to the cylinder.

ing a cylinderhaving a piston adapted to reciprocate a pump mechanism, an air compressing mechanism for delivering compressed air to said cylinder, and a valve mechanism operable by air pressure from the said cylinder for'directing the movemento of the air in the cylinder to produce reciprocation of the pump mechanlsm. I

, 3. A system for operating a series of well pumps y compressed air comprising in combination with walking beams on the said wells, of cylinders suspended adjacent to said walking beams, plstons operating in said cylinders and connected-with walking beams, the cylinders being open at one end and closed at the other, means for compressing air and delivering the same into the closed ends of the cylinders for drivin the pistons inone direction, the weight 0% the well pumping mechanism producing a re turn movement thereof, a valve for controlling the inlet of compressed air to the cylinder, means for rotating said valve through the application of compressed air from the cylinder, a latch mechanism for holding the valve in the position to which it is moved by said compressed air, and means operable by the movement of the piston in one directlon and then permittin of its return by the weight ofth'e well me anism.

4. An oil .well operating mechanism, comprising a cylinder having a pistonmo'vable' therein and, adapted to'be connected with the walking beam-of a well ump means for compressing air and delivering 1t to the 2. A well pumping mechanism compris inlet valve for compressed air, and permitting the latch to hold the same while the air is driving the piston the full length of its stroke.

In Witness that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto subscribed my name this 28th day of Sept, 1911.

CARL W. DAVISSON.

Witnesses: I

GAssELr; SEVERANCE, EARL]; R. PoIJLARD.

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