US1034120A - Flying-machine. - Google Patents

Description

J. J. v. KAU LYNSKAS.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FIL BD JULY 12, 1910.

Patented July 30, 1912.

4 SHEETSSHBBT 1.

INVENT JR ATTORNEY J. J. V. KAULYNSKAS.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JULY 12, 1910.

1,034,120. Patented July 30, 1912.

4 snzmsmnnm 2.

WITNESSES I IINVENTOR J JZSGZ/IJ 1/ h lyzzskas Mai 46W.

J. J. V. KAULYNSKAS.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 12, 1910.

Patented July 30, 1912.

4 SHEETSSHEET 3'.

WITPVJESSES ATTORNEY J. J. V. KAULYNSKAS.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 12, 1910.

Patented July 30, 1912.

4 SHBETSSHEET 4.

kw- A ATTORNEY JOSEPH J. v. KAULYNsKA's, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

FLYING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 30, 1912.

Application filed July 12, 1910. Serial No. 571,600.

To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, JOSEPH J. V. KAULYN- SKAS, a citizen of Russia, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Flying- Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a new and useful improvement in flying machines, and has for its object to provide a device of this character, which will be very simple and economical in construction, and to provide a construction in the form of wings, each of said wings comprising two blades, the surface of one acting upon the air in its downward movement, while the other one feathers the air in its upward movement. These blades are designed to rotate during the revolution of the wing thereby always bringing the same surface of the bladeto act upon the air, and this surface is concave.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a reliable and efficient means for rotating the blades during the revolution of the wings, said means having an adjustment whereby the pitch of the blades may be varied so that in the downward movement of the blades they will force the air inward toward the machine or outward therefrom.

Another object of the invention is to provide uprights which support planes, said planes being'pivoted to the uprights, whereby they are permitted to move for steering .the machine upward or downward.

A still further object of the invention is to provide with this construction a rudder formed of vertical and horizontal planes,

permitting the machine to be steered horizontally or vertically,

. or simultaneously.

lvith these ends in view, this invention consists in the details of construction and combination of elements hereinafter set forth and then specifically designated by the claims. X

In order that those skilled in the art to which this invention appertains may understand how to make and use the same, I will describe its construction, in detail, referring by letter to the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification, in which either independently Figure 1 is a plan view of a flying machine made' in accordance with my improvement. Fig. 2., a side elevation thereof, a portion of one of thewings and one of the rudders being broken away. Fig. 3, an enlarged side elevation of ii portion of the machine showing the manner in which the planes are manipulated. Fig. 4, a side elevation of the mechanism for rotating the blades of the wings, the cam being shown in section, and a portion of the blades being broken away. Fig. 5, an enlarged plan view of one of the rudders showing its relation to the frame of the machine. Fig. 6, an end view thereof. Fig. 7 a side elevation of the steering mechanism. Fig. 8, an end view thereof. Fig. 9, a front elevation of the ball and socket jointwhich permits the different movement of the steering rudder. Fig. 10, a section atthe line of .Fig. 9. Fig. 11, a face view of the cam for operating the blades of the wings.

In carrying-outmy invention as here embodied, A represents a suitable fralne'mounted upon the wheels B. On this frame is mounted a central shaft C and two end shafts D, the central shaft C and one of the end shafts D being operated from the engine F. and connected thereto by a belt or cable F, one strand of which runs upward over the groove pulley G, then over a pulley Hupon the end shaft, around the same, under the central shaft, over a pulley I, then to the pulley J and back to the engine. The other end shaft is driven by the belt K, running over the pulley L on the central'shaft and the pulley M upon said end shaft. Upon each end of these shafts is mounted a wing N, composed of two blades 0, these blades being curved from end to end to produce a concaved face, which acts upon the air during the down strokebf the blades.

The construction of the operating parts of these wings will now be explained in detail.

On the outer end of each. of,the shafts C and D is mounted a bearing Q, in which is journaled a short shaft R at right angles to the main shaft, and to each end of each of these short'shafts is securely attached one of the blades 0. To each of these short shafts is connected an arm S, the outer end of which is bifurcated for the reception of one .endo-f the link T, the opposite endof said link being attached to the lever U, said lever being pivoted to the bracket V, which is mounted upon the main shafts C and D.

' On the end of the lever .U opposite to which the link T is attached is adjustably mounted the bracket W, being held in any desired atlji'lstment by the set screw Y. To this bracket is attached one end of the rod Z, the opposite end being pivoted to the end of another member of the bifurcatedcam arm A, which is pivoted at 1 to the bracket I 2; said bracket being attached to the main shaft. One of the members of the bifurcated arm rests upon each side of the cam B which is attached to the frame A by suitable rods orbrackets 3. In order that the friction between the cam arm A and thecam. B may be reduced to a minimum, I place in each member of the bifurcated arm A a roller 0 having a convex periphery 4c,

in order that'they may run on a relatively small portion of the surface of the cam regardless of their posit-ion during the revolutions of the wings.

From the foregoing description it. will be seen that as the shafts C and D revolve the uppermost blades of each wing will be rotated one-quarter turn in one direction whenthey reach an approximately vertical position, thus presenting the concave face of the blade to the air, in this manner producing a suflicient amound of buoyancy to lift the machine aconsiderable distance. The opposite or lowermost blade will be simultaneously rotated one-quarter turn in the opposite direction, feathering it or turning its edge so that it will cut the air during a portion of its revolution. Under certain conditions it is found desirable to either force the air slightly inward or outward with the downward movement of the blades, and to acfcomplish this the pitch .Of the blades is changed, the adjustment being made by sliding the bracket W along the lever U, which will move the end of the lever U to which the bracket W is attached toward or away from the bifurcated arm A, which through the medium of the link T and the arm S will give the desired pitch.

On the top of the frame Aare secured two sets of uprights D, to the upper ends of which are pivoted the horizontal planes E composed of a frame 5, said frames be-- ing covered with a suitable material such as canvas 6, as is customary in appliances of this character. These planes are adapted to move to various positions for balancing the machine in varying air currents and also for steering; the machine upward or downward regardless of the direction in which the rudders are turned.

On the frame -in.proximit; to the operators seat is situated a steering wheel F, to which is connected and wound t-hereabout,

the adjusting cables 7, each of which runs over suitable pulleys, and is fastened to the inner or adjacent edges of the planes, as at 8, so that when the steering wheel F is revolved in the proper direction, the inner edges of the planes will be drawn downward, causing the machine to turn its nose upward *for ascending. To this same steering wheel F are also attached other adjusting cables 9, which are wound about said steering wheel in a direction opposite to the cable 7. These cables also run around suitable pulleys, and their ends attached to the outer edges of the planes, so that when the steering wheel F is revolved in the direction opposite to that just described, the planes will be drawn to the position shown in dotted lines, in Fig. 3, causing the machine to descend. When these planes are in a horizontal position the machine will fly in the same plane, unless the rudders move vertically, which will cause the machine to ascend or descend slowly to a limited degree as will be hereinafter described.

, G represents the rudders each composed of two parallel horizontal planes 10, these being spaced apart and having mounted between them two parallel vertical planes. One of these rudders is mounted at each end of the machine and extends a sufficient distance beyond the machine to prevent them interfering with the wings when said rudders are shifted to either side, and if found desirable the inner corners ,of the horizontal planes may be cut on an angle, as indicated by 12, thus giving a greater amount of space between the blades of the wings and the rudders. Each of these rudders is mounted 'upon the outer end of the rudder stafl" H, ,the inner end of which extends a considerable distance into the frame, as indicated by 13. This staff has a ball 1 L mounted thereon which forms a part of the ball and socket joint I.

' The socket portion 15 of the joint is composed of two semi-circular portions 16 and 17, having openings 18 through which the rudder stafl passes. These semi-circular portions have lugs 19 formed therewith through which passes a bolt 20, said bolt also passing through the posts 21, which form a portion of the frame A of the machine, thus securely attaching the socket to. the frame, and as the socket is fastened to both posts 21, they will be prevented from spreading.

From this description it will be seen that the ball 14 may be placed in the socket because of the two portions, and said socket then fastened in place for holding the rudder staff, and being a ball and socket joint will permit the rudder to be moved'hori zontally or vertically, causing the machine to turn to either side and upward or downward. When the rudders are in any of the vertical positions which assist in causing chine, said movements being either upward orilow'nivard or to either side,

In order that the rudders may; be lowered, I attach the ropes 22 'to suitable eyes '23 'mounted upon the inner end of the rudder staff. These ropes run over the guide pulleys 2 k to one of the steering wheels F so that when said steering wheel is operated both rudders will be moved simultaneously. From the rudder staffs also run other ropes 25 to the steering wheel so that as said steering wheel is moved in the opposite direction the rudders will be elevated. To the rudder staffsare also secured other ropes '26, which run to another steering wheel for moving the rudders toone side, the ropes 27 being similar to the ropes 26 and running to the opposite side of the same steering wheel for operating the rudders in the opposite direction.

The mechanism. which operates the cables to the rudder and planes is composed of the steering wheel F, mounted upon a shaft 28, journaled in the frame 29, said shaft having mounted thereon a worm gear 30 meshing with the gear 31, which is mounted upon theshaft 32, said shaft carrying a bevel gear 33,,meshing with the bevel gear 34, carried by the shaft 35, on which is also mounted the sprocket wheel 36, said sprocket wheel engaging the chain 37, which is held in placeby the idler 38. To the ends of the chain 37 are attached the different cables for operating the parts, as hereinbefore described.

J denotes the propeller, situated at one end of the machine and mounted upon the shaft K, leading directly from the engine E, thus producing a direct drive for said propeller. The shaft K is provided with a reversing mechanism'L whereby the propeller J may be reversed for holdingback the machine while landing;

Of course I do not wish to be limited to the exact details of construction here shown,

as these may be varied within the limits of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of my invention.

' Having thus fully described my invention,

what I claim as new and useful, is

1..The combination in amachine of the character described, of a frame, shafts journaled in said frame, the ends thereof extending beyond the sides of the frame, means for revolving said shaft in the same direction, a bearingmountedupon each end of each shaft, a short shaft journaled in each of said bearings at right angles to the main shaft, a wing/composed of two blades, a

blade being secured to each end of the short shaft, a bifurcated arm secured to each of the short shafts, a bracket mounted upon each of the main shafts and adapted to revolve therewith, a lever journaled in said bracket, a link for connecting one end of said bracketwith the bifurcated arm, an other bracket attached to the main shaft and adapted to revolve therewith, a'bifurc ated arm pivoted to said bracket, a roller mounted in each port-ion of the'bifurcated arm, a cam against which these rollers bear for operating the bifurcated arm, a bracket adjustably mounted upon the lever, and a rod for connecting the last named bifurcated arm with the adjustable bracket.

2. In the combination of a machine of the character described, of a frame, shafts journaled in said frame, the ends thereof extendingbeyond the sides of the frame; means for revolving said shafts in the same direction,

a bearing mounted upon each end of each shaft; a short shaft journaled in each of said bearings at right angles to the main shaft; wings, each composed of two laterally concaved blades, a blade being secured at its longitudinal center to each end of the short shafts; and an arm mounted to each of short shafts; a bracket mounted upon each of the main shafts and adapted to revolve therewith; a lever journaled in said bracket; a link for connecting one end of said bracket with the arm; and means for oscillating the lever.

3. In the combination of a machine of the character described, of a frame, shafts journaled in said frame, the ends thereof exten ding beyond the sides of the frame; means for revolving said shafts in the same direction, .a bearing mounted upon each end of each shaft; a short shaft journaled in each of said bearings at right angles to the main shaft, wings, each composed of two laterally concaved-blades, a blade being secured at its longitudinal center to each end of the short shafts; and an arm mounted to each of short shafts; a bracket mounted upon each of the main shafts and adapted to revolve therewith; a lever journaled in said bracket, a link for connecting one end of said bracket with the arm; another, bracket mounted upon the main shaft'and revolving therewith; a bifurcated arm pivoted to said bracket; means for connecting said bracket with the lever; and means for operating the bifurcated arm to oscillate the lever, thus turning the short shaft turn.

4. In the combination of a machine of the character described, of a frame, shafts journaled in said frame, the ends thereof excured at its longitudinal center to each end of the short shafts; and an arm mounted to each of short shafts; a bracket mounted upon each of the main shafts and adapted to revolve therewith; a lever journaled 111 said bracket, a link for conecting one end of said bracket with the arm; another bracket mounted upon the main shaft and revolving therewith; a bifurcated arm pivoted to said bracket; means for connecting said bracket with the lever; and a cam on each side-of which runs one portion of the bifurcated arm for transmitting a rotary motion to the short shaft.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto affixed my signature in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

A. E. BUSH, B. I. WIDzENAs.

Images