US1033748A - Rotary explosion-engine. - Google Patents

Description

E. K, STANDISH! ROTARY EXPLOSION ENGIKE, APPLIOATIGH FILED NOV. 9, 1907.

1,033,748. Patented July 23,1912.

2 siums-snsm 1.

A INVENTOR.

A TTOR NE Y.

WIiNESSES: I v

- E. K. STANDISH ROTARY EXPLOSION ENGINE. APFLIOATIOH FILED NOV 9, 1907.

1,033,748. 7 Patented July 23, 1912 2 SHEET8-SHEBT 2.

- W WA A v I Y Y 53 I 1 /47 1 h k I 5/ 50- 5 50 9 1 x (I U WITNESSES: INVENTOR.

MAWJAM Z; 7 By min? WM- $22M.

ATTORNEY UNIT D srnfrns PATIENT. OFFICE.

EDWhRD K. STANDISH, OF WALTH AM, MASSACHUSETTS.

ROTARY EXlLOSION-ENGINE.

.1 ,oaarae.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 23, 1912.

Application filed November 9, 1907. Serial N 0. 401,402.

To (/73 whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD K. STANDISH, a citizen of the United States, and a resident 'of W altham, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Rotary Explosion-Engines,

of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, lS a specificatlon, like figures on the drawings re DIESQHUIIg like parts.

This invention relates to rotary or turbine explosion engines, whereby, among other desirable results, I obtain a cleaner mlxture than in the usual two cycle gas, engine, a

greater gas expansion, less back pressure,

better cooling, a high'speed make and break timing device, fewer and'more' accessible parts than in previous constructions, greater compactness, .less vibration and lighter weight per horse power.

In order that the principles of the invention may be clearly understood, I have disclosed a single type or embodiment there'- of in the accompanylng drawings, wherein Figure 1 1s a vertical, transverse section taken through the charging piston and that portion of the'casing adjacent thereto, on

theline CD, Fig. 3; Fig. 2 is a verticah transverse section of the working piston and that portionof the casing adjacent thereto on the line AB, Fig. 3; and Fig. 3 is a View, partially in plan and partially in transverse section, of an engine constructed in accordance with my invention.

Referring specifically to the single type or embodiment of the invention herein selected for illustration, the shaft whereon the rotating parts are mounted is indicated at v1 in each of the figures, it being mounted inany suitable manner for rotation in the casing or chamber 2, as, for example, upon supportg ing trusses or bridges 3, which are of such construction as not to interfere with the free circulation of air through the interior of the casing. The casing or chamber 2 is herein represented as of generally cylindrical formation, and.is preferably formed of upper and lower castings 4 and 4' (Fig. 1) which may be identical or substantially so in: form, being made if desired from the same casting. As indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, the casing sections 4 and a are provided along opposite lateraledges with longitu dinally disposed recesses receiving therein suitable packing strips or bars 5, which accurately locate the casing members during the assembling of the parts and tightly pack the same.

In the present embodiment of my invention, I mount uponthe shaft 1 for rotation therewith a charging or compression piston or rotor 6 (see Fig. 1) and a workin or explosion piston or rotor 7' (see Fig. 2 Referring more particularly to Fig. 1, I provide at suitable points between the inner face of the casing and charging piston 6 suitable packing strips or bars 8, which herei eccentric portions 11 and 12 between which,

and the inner wall of the casing 2 are formed charging chambers 13 and 14," to which the expansive mixture supplied from any suitable source is entered by means of inlet pipes- 15 and 16'. Between said inlets 15 and 16 and the peripheral wall of the compression piston I provide suitable abutments 17 and p 18 adapted to co-act with the peripheral face of said piston to direct the charges of expansive mixture from the charging chamhers 13 and 14 into the compression chambers 19 and 20, represented most clearly \in Figs. 2 and 3. As each abutment-l7 and 18 is in this type of my invent'ion represented as pivotally mounted in the casing 2 and as providrd with suitable packing .21 and 22 upon those faces thereof contacting-with the casing and piston, if desired and preferably the ends of said abutments are suitably packed. Each of said abutments .is normally inwardly spring presse'dby means of springs 23 and 24 suitably mopnted upon lugs carried by the casing and ali'utments;

respectively. Each abutment is herein provided with one or more openings 25 to per-- mit the passage of the expansive mixture from thepipes'15 and 'into-Qcharging' chambers 1 3Iand1i, It will "be apparent that in this type of the invention the charges 5 through ap roximately one quarter revoluare admitted at substantially diametrically opposed points and that'the said charging plston procure's two charges simultaneously rically opposed. It will: thus be apparent that the charges are compressed simultaneously in such manner as to practical] eqlfali-ze the presssure u on the surfaces/c both the charging and .te working pistons.

It will be apparent that theleading face 26 I of-eaeh abutment serves to. direct the charges, as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1, into the compression chambers 19 and 20,

-which, as illustrated in Fig. 3, are disposed 20 indirect communication longitudinally of the casing.

One object of my invention is to compress the charges in the compression chabers 1,9

and 20 and to maintain such compression therein without appreciable loss until such charges are ignited. While I may accomplish this result in various ways, in this embodiment of my invention, I rovide (see Fig. 2) a suitable number of a utments 27, 28 pivotally mounted at 29 updn the working piston and preferably at diametrically opposite points, and also provide abutments 30, 31 pivotally mounted at 32 in the casing, the abutments 30, 31 being adapted to act as the leading face of the compression chambers 19 and 20 respectively during the compression of the charges there'imand are suitably packed .at top, bottom and sides as shown, the abutments 27, 28 being adapted to act as the leading faces of said compression chambers when the charges are ignited, whereby the impact or motive force of the charges is directly received by said abutments 27, 28 and whereby the charges are retained under full com ression but without appreciableloss in sai chambers 19 and 20 until ignited. The number of abutments may vary according to the requirements of the partieulartype of engine. I may rovide one or more abutments, but find that two or four, give'excellent results. It is also apparent that the number of easing abutments may be varied to suit the require-- ments of the particular engine. By the diametric disposition of the wprking piston abutments,-an equal distribution of pressure "upon the QWOI'kIIIg iston is obtained, the piston beingthus ha anced at all times and side thrust being eliminated. Each abutidles 34,, which, in turn,

ment 27, 28 normally moves outward under centrifugal action. Preferably I provide al 'so .coiled springs 33' mounted up are seated-1n lugs 35, projecting from the shaft-bearing and.

5 recessed portions 36 of the pistom'the lead-1;v

on spining ends of said spindles co-acting lugs 28, as, clearly represented in Fig.1 2. I

to prevent too great outward pressure, or any other means, such= as a tension spring used or a positive stop may-limit the outward movement of the abutment. be apparent that said springs 33 are disposed at such point that they may be main-' through the hollow pistons and maintained in circulation by having one set of the pmeach abutment 27, -28 is packed at top and beingalso preferably provided upon the ends, as .will be more fully hereinafter described. Each abutment 30, 31' is normally. spring pressed iriward. by means of coiled springs38 suitably mounted upon lugs provided upon the abutme'nts and easing, suitable means being provided to adjust the ten sion of said springs as indicated at Preferably also cushioning means are pro' vided to absorb ,the shock of the outward movement of said abutments. For such purpose, I herein provide coiled springs 40 mounted upon studs 40- of any suitable material, as steel, fiber, hard rubber, or some suitable slightly yielding substance. If neclng air through the space behind" the abutmanner and-if desired a plunger may be emother fluid.- The said abutments contact with said springs 40 during theiroutward plosion occurs the lugs 40 rest on the studs 40'. 4

- The working piston 7 is substantially concentric throughoutlits periphelywhen the abutments 27, 28 are in retracted position.

working piston, each piston abutment-27 28 periodically contacts with the casin abut-' ments 30, 31, forcing he same radiafiy out ward as said piston move radially compression chamber,

ecompression chamber.

the piston abutments .ments as the leading face of said compres- This supersedi'n by It will tons arms inclined like a fan. Preferably,

Normally the casing abutme'nts 30, 31 are of 1 the casing in Ht:

sion chambers is done without lossorywith upon the inner faces ofls'aid a butm'ents 27% necessary, these spindles may, however, be I fastened to abutments 27 and 28 and utilized between the abutment and piston, may be tained cool by the currents of air passing bottom as indicated at 37, suitable packing essary these sprlngs may be cooled by forcments 30 and 31 or in any cther'suitableployed cushioning the blow upon air or i movement, and preferably before the exsired degree. .Duringthe rotation of the out appreciable loss of the compression in said chambers. At the moment of explosion of the charges in said compression chambers and until the discharge of the spent gases through the exits i 44, the piston abutments 27 and 28 remain at their limit or outward radial movement, but upon their approach to the succeeding compression chamber are moved radially inward in any suitable manner. For that purpose, I provide rods or rolls mounted in the (as ing in any suitable manner and disposed in such relation to the said abutments that they move the same inwardly to the required extent. Preferably, between the rods or rolls 45 and compressionchambers 19 and 20, I provide suitable packing strips. or bars 46. If desired, and as represented in Fig.

2, the rear end of the outer face of each piston abutment is beveled inwardly, as shown at 57. The construction of the piston abutment is such that, the rear end of the outer faces thereof pass the packing strips 46,'they pass obliquely across or through the compression chamber, the said abutments at the same time displacing the casing abutments 30 and 31 by outward movement of the latter. due engaging faces of the piston and casing abutments a e such as to prevent the es rape of any appreciable portion of the compressed charge between them.

It is apparent that any suitable number of charging pistons and working pistons may be employed. For example, I may mount upon the shaft 1 one charging piston between two working pistons, orany other suitable arrangement and disposition of such pistons may be provided to suit the requirements of the particular case. The provision of a working piston having two diametrically opposed abutments co-acting manner, I obtain full with the opposed compression chambers gives four blows per revolution of the shaft 1,101 the equivalent of an eight cylinder, four cycle engine. If a charging piston havinga partition through its center be mounted between two working pistons and the working pistons be so keyed that the abut-ments'o'f one have a lead of ninety degrees over the other, the equivalent of a sixteen cylinder, four cycle engine is provided, with the advantage of a long leverage, a clean mixture, full expansion of the gases and less'parts and lighter weight. w The 'proportions of the parts are such as to obtain the proper pressure of the expansive mixture in the compression chambers 19 and 20. Moreover, the volume of the chambers between each casing abutment 30and' 31 and the exhaust passages 43 and His much charging chambers 13 and 14 (see Fig. 1). In this and 44.

expansion of the gases. beforethey reach the exhaust passages 13;

face, the projecting webs between said.

grooves being received in suitable annular grooves 51 provided in the inner face of the casing 2. In the compression chambers, shown at the right in Fig. 3, the groove adjoining the piston is formed in the wall of the casing. Since the casing abutments 17 and 18 are never forced outwardly by the charging piston beyond the inner edge of the grooves 51, such abutments are at all times radially inside the outer limit of the flanges 46 and i7, thus an effective packing is secured and the necessity for extremely fine work is eliminated. At the opposite or explosion end of the casing 2, the groove adjacent the working piston is formed in the annular flange to provide for the inward movement of the casing abut-ments 30 and 31, and for the inward movement of the piston abutments 27 and 28, which never move radially inward beyond the inner limits of the walls of the said grooves 51 in the casing. It will be apparent that the flanges 47 and 48 are provided with shoulderedportions' intermediate their inner and outer faces, which rotate in corresponding portions of the casing.

The charging or compression piston need not be directly mounted upon the shaft 1, but may be supported wholly bythe tie rods 49, as clearly indicated in Fig. 2. By this arrangement of parts, much weight is eliminated and space is given for a water or oil pump inside the bearings, which may be provided upon a suitable casting to be bolted to the casing.

Suitable sparking plugs 52 (see Fig. 3) are provided in the compression chambers 19and 20, the explosion occurring when the timer springs 53 (see Fig. 3) contact with the projections 54 provided upon the worting piston.

Any suitable means may be provfided for oiling the parts: In Figs. 1 and 2, the casing is represented as provided at its upper portion with-a boss 55 :to receive an oil pipe, relief cocks vbeing""provided at suitable points, as represented at 56. If desired,

however, the oiling may be accomplished through hollows formed through the pistons permitting the oil to be thrown out- Ward through centrifugal force. Any suit-- able cooling liuid may be employed.

- therein provided with Having thus described one type or embodiment of my invention, I desire it to be understood that although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes'of limitation, thescope of the inventlon being set forth in the following claims.

Claims. v e

1. A single expansion explosion engine comprising a casing having a passage or chamber, and means to compress, ignite and permit the explosion of separate charges thereinincluding a shaft mounted to rotate in said casing, arotary working piston mounted upon said shaft, and a rotary compressor acting to compress the explosive charge in said casing between the wall thereof and the rotary compressor and into said passage or chamber, there being at all times unobstructed communication between the working piston and said rotary compressor;

2. A single expansion explosion engine comprising a casing having a passage or chamber, and means to compress, ignite and permit the explosion of separate charges therein including a shaft mounted in said casing, a working piston and compression means rotating with said piston and mounted upon said shaft, the compressing means acting to compress the explosive charge into said passage or chamber, there being at all times unobstructed communication between the compression means and the -working piston.

3. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted therein, a working piston mounted upon-said shaft, said piston being provided, with a. face or faces' adapted to utilize the rotative efi'ect of the charge, and means to position said face or faces in advance of said charge or charges without enlarging the space occupied. by s 1d charge or charges.

4. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing and a shaft mounted therein, a r0- tary working piston and compression means rotating with said piston and mounted upon said shaft, there being a firing chamber within said casing, in which the charges are separately compressed, ignited and expanded, said compression means compressing the charge directly into the firing chamber and against said working piston, and means for retaining said compression thereof in said firing chamber until fired.

- 5. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing having a passage or chamber charge ignition means, a shaft mounted; rotate in said casingpa working piston, nd compression 1 means rotating wlth said P1513011 and mounted on said shaft, there being a firing chamber within said -casing, said compression means compressing the charge directlyint the said first mentioned passage or chamber, said passage or chamber being at all times in unobstructed communication with said working piston.

6. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted therein, a working piston, andcompression meansrotating with said piston and mounted upon said shaft, said compression means com-l pressing the charge directly irito the explosion chamber and against said working piston, a pivoted abutment or abutments. carried by said working piston, there being provisions whereby-the said abutment or abutments may be forced outwardly.-

TTHA. rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted to rotate therein, a working piston mounted upon said shaft, means to compress a charge or charges directly against said working piston, afpivoted abutment or abutments mountedupon and rotating with said piston, there being provisions whereby the abutment or abut- .ments may be forced outwardly, and means within said casing to force said abutment or abutments inward at the proper time.

8. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted for rotation therein, a working piston mounted for rotation with said shaft, a compression chamber being formed between said casing and supply a compressed expansive mixture to said chamber, said working piston having an impact receiving-abutment and means to position said abutment as theleading wall of said chamber and to ignite'saidmixture without appreciable loss of compression therein.

'10-. A rotary explosion" engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted for rotation.

therein, a working piston mounted for rotation with saidshaft, acompression chamber beingv formed between said-easing and piston 'means to Sup ly a compressed ex pansivemixture to sai d chamber, and abutments carried by said casing and piston respectively and adapted successively: toiform the leading'wall ofsaid compression chamber, I V 7 11. A rotary, explosion'engine comprising a casing, aishaft' mounted for rotation therein, a WOI'kiIlP- piston mounted for rotation with said shaft, a compression chamber being formed between said casing and piston, means to supply a con'ipressed expansive mixture tosaid. chamber, a movable abutment mounted in, the casing and adapted to form the leadingwa'll of said compression chamber, said engine having provisions to displace said abutment.

a casing, a shaft mounted for rotation therein, a working piston mounted for rotation with said shaft, a compression chamber being formed between said casing and piston,

means to supply a compressed expansive mixture to said chamber, a' movable abutment mounted in the casing and. adapted to form the leading wail of said compression chamber, and means movable with said piston to supersede said abutment as the leading: wall of said compression chamber. i

13. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft nounted for rotation therein, a working piston mounted for rotation with said shaft, a compression chamber be ing. formed between said casing and piston, means to supply a compressed expansive mixture to said chamber, a movable abutment mounted in said casing and adapted 3G to form the leadingface of said compression chamber until a charge is compressed therein, and means movable-with said piston to replace said abutment as the leading face of said chamber prior to ignition.

let. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted for rotation therein, a working piston mounted for rotation with said shaft, a compression chamber being formed between said casing and piston, 4 ueans to supply a compressed expansive mixture to said chamber, a movable abutment non-rotary with the piston, and adapted to form the leading face of said (CUIHPI'CSSlUH chamber, and an abutment carried by said working piston adapted to engage the morable abutment and to displace it from its position as the leading wall of said compression chamber.

15. A rotary cxplision engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted for rotation therein, a working piston mounted for rotation with said shaft, 1 compression chamber be ing' formed between said casing and piston, mean: to supply a compressed expansive mixture to said chamber, and radially movable abutments rarried by the casing and piston res 'ieetively and each adapted to form periodically the leading face of said compi ssion chamber. in rolarv explosion engine comprising a casi e. a s 'aft mounted for rotation lh re .in. a v/orl-iinug piston mount d for rotation with sari slal't. a compression chamber bee i: formed between said casing and piston.

m an-n I 12. A rotary explosion engine comprising ously of said piston into said chamber and to compress it; therein, aid working piston having an impact receiving abutment and means to position said abutment as the leading wall of said chan'iber without appreci able loss of compression therein.

17. A rotary explosion enoiue comprising a casing, a shaft mounted for rotai ion thcrcin, a working piston mounted for rotation with said shaft, a compression chamber bcing formed between said cas ng and pistm, means to pass an expan ive mixtu 'c cxtram ously of said piston into said chamber and to compress it therein, movable mrmbcr -z carried by said casin; and 'iiston respectively and adapted to act period ing wall of. said compression cbambtu' and shock absorbing means for said members.

18. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted for rotation time in, a working piston mounted for rotation with said shaft, a compression chamber being formed between said casing and piston, means to pass an expansive mixture exlrane' ously of said piston into said chamlau and to compre-=s it therein, and movable abut.

ments carried by said casinp; and pi-ton espectively, the first mentioned abrlmcnt be.- ing adapted to act as the leading wall of the compression chamber during the comprrssion of the charge therein, and the la t mentioned abutnmnt acting as such leading wall when the charge ignite-l.

.19. rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaftniounied for rotation there -11], a charging piston and a working piston mounted upon said shaftfor rotation therewith, a (baffling chamber being formed between said charging piston and casino, and an explosion chamber lee! worn said working piston and casing, said chambers being in direct c r-u1munication, an abutment rotatable with said working piston, and means to position it as the leading wall of said compression chamber.

20. A rotary explosion engine comprising 'a casing, a shaft mounted for rotation there in, a charging piston and a Working piston mounted upon said shaft. for rotation therewith, a charging chamber being formed between said charging piston and casing and an explosion chamber being' formed between said working piston and casing. an abutment rotatable with said working piston, and means to advance said abutn'ient from the rear of said compression chamber to the ically as the lead piston and casing, said chambers having at all times free and opencommunication, an

abutment carried by said casing and adaptpiston and easing, pivoted abutments car-- ried respectively by the chamber and the working piston, said abutments being adapted to act periodically as the leading face of said explosion chamber. v

23. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted for rotation therein, a charging piston and a working p-ton mounted upon said shaft for rotation therewith, a charging chamber being formed between said charging piston and casing and an explosion chamber between said working piston and casing, spring pressed movable abutments bein mounted respectively upon said casing and working piston, sa'id abutments being ada ted to act periodically and successively as t e leading faceof said explosion chamber.

24. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted for rotation therein, a charging piston and a working piston mounted upon said shaft for rotation therewith, a charging chamber being formed between said charging .piston and casing and an explosion chamber between said working pistonand easing, spring pressed movable abutments being mounted respectively upon said casing and working piston, sai abutments being adapted to act periodically and successively as the leading face of said explosion chamber, and cushioning means for the abutments.

'25. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted for rotation therein,"a charging piston and a working piston mounted upon said shaft for rotation there- 1 with, a charging chamber being formed between said charging piston and casing and an explosion chamber between said working piston and casing, a niovable abutment carried by the working piston, means tending normally to move said abutment outward,

'means in the rear of said explosion chamber to force said abutment inward, and an abutment carried by said casing and adapted to act periodically as the leading-face of said explosion chamber.

26. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted for rotation therein, a charging piston and a working piston mounted upon said shaft for rotation therewith, a char ing chamber being formed between'said c arging piston and casing and an explosion chamber between said,working piston and casing, a pivoted abutment carried by said workingpiston, a spring tending normally to force the same outward, means carried by said casing and in the rear of the explosion chamber to force said abutment inward, and an abutment carried by said casing and adapted periodically to form the leading face of said explosion chamber. 1

27, A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted for rotation therein, a charging piston and ya working piston mounted upon said shaft for rotation therewith, a charging chamber being formed between said charging piston and casing and "an explosion chamber between said working piston and casing, a pivoted abutment mounted upon said working piston, means tending normally to force the 7 same outward, fixed means carried by said casing and adapted to force the abutment :inwar'd in the rear of the explosion chamber, and a pivoted abutment carried by the casing and adapted periodically to form the leading face of said explosion chamber.

28'. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted to rot'atetherein, a working piston mounted upon said shaft to rotate therewith, a com ression chamber being formed between sai piston and casing, means to compress a charge in' said chamber, a plurality of impact receiving abutments carried by said piston, and means for placing'said 'abutments simultaneously inoperative position for firing with respect to said-chambers without appreciable loss therein. .7 v

'29. A rotary explosion 'engin'e compris- 'ing a casing, a shaft mounted therein, a

working piston and compression means rotating with said pist'6i1 and mounted upon said shaft, a compression chamber being formed within said' casing, said working piston having. an impact receiving abutment or abutments, and means to position said abutment or abut-ments as the leading wall or walls of said compression chamberand to ignite said charge before appreciable loss of compression therein.

30. A rotary engine comprising a casing; a shaft mounted therein, a; piston mounted upon said shaft and having .an 1internal air passage, one or more mgvable ahutments carried by said piston, and a spring pressed spindle or spindles actuating said abutment or abutments, said springs being located in said air passage.

31. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted to rotate therein, a charging piston and a working piston mounted upon said shaft to rotate therewith, and means whereby a plurality of charges may be simultaneously compressed by said charging piston at points equalizing the pressure upon the surface of said piston, a plurality of abut-ments carried by said working piston, and means to position said abutments in advance of the compressed charge without appreciable loss of compression.

W. A rotar i x lo.io h e coin risin y e p s n en 1 p b a casing, a shaft mounted to rotate therein, aeharging piston and a working piston mounted upon said shaft to rotate therewith, andhieans whereby a plurality of charges may be simultaneously compressed by said charging piston directly into the firing chamber atpoints equalizing the pressure upon the surface of both pistons, abutments carried by said casing and against which said charges may be compressed, and a plurality of abutments carried by said working piston and adapted to receive the motive force of said charges when ignited.

33. A, rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted to rotate therein, a charging piston and a working piston mounted upon said shaft to rotate therewith, and means whereby a plurality of charges may be simultaneously con'ipressed by said charging piston at points equalizing the pressure upon the surface of.said piston, movable abutments carried by said casing and against which said charges may be compre d. and a plurality of movable abutmcnts carriedby said workingpiston and adapted to replace said casing and to receive the impact of said charges when ignited.

3%. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted to rotate therein, a ch'ar. ;in,c piston and a Working piston mounted thereon to rotate therewith, means whereby the charging piston procures two charges simultanermsly through substantially one quarter revolution thereof and compresses said. charges through substantially one quarter of said revolution, a pair of oppositely disposed compression cha n bers being provided into which said charges are simultaneously compressed, a plurality of abutments carried by said Working piston, and means to retain the compression in said compression chambers until the said abutments reach a position in advance thereof.

35. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing. a shaftmounted to rotate therein, a charging piston and a. working piston mounted thereon to rotate therewith, means whereby the charging piston procures two charges simultaneously through substantially one half revolution thereof and compresses said charges through i the balance of said revolution, :1 pair of oping provided, into which said charges are simultaneously compressed, a plurality of abutments carried by said working piston, and means to retain the compression in said compression chambers until the said abutments reach a position in advance thereof, and means for simultaneously exploding and exhausting the two charges.

36. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaftmounted for rotation therein, a working piston and a charging piston mounted thereon for rotation therewith, and one or more abutments carried bysaid casing and adapted to cooperate with said charging piston. to direct the charge or charges to the point or points otcompression in operative relation to said Working piston, said abutment or'abutments having a passage therein for the entry of the charges to be compressed.

37. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted for rotation therein, a working piston and a charging piston mounted thereon for rotation therewith; a compression chamber being formed between said casing and said working piston, an abutment carried by said working piston and adapted to receive the impact of the charge in said compression chamber when ignited, and an abutment carried by said. casing and cooperating with the eharging' piston and having a. passage therein for the entryof the charge to be compressed.

38. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, shaftmounted for rotation there'- in, a working piston and a charging piston mounted thereon for rotation therewith, a compression chamber beingforined between said casing and said working piston, a movable abutment carr'ied'by said Working pis ton, and a. movable abutment carried by said casing, and each adapted periodically to form the leading face of said compression chamber, and an abutment carried by said casing and adapted to,- cooperate with the charging piston, said abutment having a. passage or passages thepein for the entry of the charge.

39. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted'forrotation therein, a Working piston and a charging piston mounted thereon. for rotation therewith, a

compression chamber being formed between said casing and said working piston, a m0vable abutment carried by said Working piston, and a movable abutment carried by said casing, said abutments being adaptedperiodically and successively to form-the leading face of said compression chamber, and a movable abutment cooperating with said charging piston and having apassage therein for the entry of the explosive charge.

4i). A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted therein, a working piston and a charging piston mounted 'mounted upon said shaft, said pistons having annular flanges 4:6, 47 and: 48 mounted thereon, and tie rods 49 for securing said flanges in position," said flanges and the inner face of said casing being provided with grooves 50 and 51.

42. Arotar'y explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted to rotate therein,

a charging piston and a working mounted to rotate with said shaft, said" istons having at alltimes free and o n; uid communication and means where y such charging piston may simultaneously procure and simultaneously compress two or more:

charges, and whereby said working piston may simultaneously receive two or more explosions and simultaneously exhaust two or more explosions. I

43. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft to rotate therein, a

charging piston ands working piston rotating with said shaft, there being at all times an open fluid communicatingpassage, between said pistons, means permitting in said communicating passage but. a single compression, ignition and expansion of each charge, and means forsecuring balancing;

of both pistons at all times.

4,4. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted to rotate therein, 1

a charging pistonv and a working piston mounted upon said shaft and rotatable therewith, said pistons being at all times in' open fluid communication,- said; charging piston compressing separate charges for, separate ignition and, expansion, and means for maintaining said pistons balanced at all times.

45. A rotary explosion engine .of the single expansion type comprising a casing, chambers being formed within said casing, a shaft mounted in said casing, a working pis ton mounted on'said shaft, means to secure and to ma ntain normal maximum com-- pression of a *parate charge in said chambers befere arid during the positioning of the operative portion 0f the pistonhead in advance threof; means permitting but a single expansion of each charge, and means for balancing said piston at all times.

46. A rotary explosion engine ofthe sin le. expansion type comprising a casing,

, a s aft mounted to rotatetherein, a" working piston,- and compression meansrotatmgwith said piston and mounted upon 'said shaft, there being a firing chamber or champistonbers, within said casing, and separate ignition means within said chamber, means for compressing a charge or charges directly in said firingchamber or chambers, means permitting but a single expansion of each charge, and means for maintaining said rotating members balanced at all times.

47. A, rotary engine driven by an expansive charge and comprising a casing, a piston mounted therein, means for balancing, said piston at all times, a face or faces upon said piston being adapted to utilize the rotative power of the charge, and means to position said face or faces in advance of said charge or charges without enlarging the so 1 space occupied by said charge or charges.

. 4L8.--A rotary engine driven by an expensive charge comprising a casing, a shaft mounted to rotate therein, a piston mounted upon said shaft, a chamber or chambers being formed within said casing, means to supplya compressedexpansive charge or charges to said chamber or chambers, a pivoted abutment rotatable with said piston, and means to position said abutment as the leadin wall of said chamberwithout apprecia 1e loss of compression. 49. A 'rotary explosion engine comprising a. casing, a shaft mounted thereim a working piston mounted upon-said shaft, an explosion chamber within said casing, and means to. compress a charge directly into said chamber, said piston having detachable annular flanges secured to its ends for the purpose of construction orpacking.

' 50. A. rotary engine comprising. a casing and a working piston rotating therein and having supporting arms, said arms being vinclin'ed to the'axis of thepiston and the interior thereof being openly constructed to provide an 'airpassage, through which air may be forced, a sprin orsprings carried by said piston and wit in thetair passage, and a mbvable abutment or abutments within said casing and perated by said spring or'springs g x v 51. A rotary engine, driven by" an 'expansive charge, and comprising a casing, a

shaft mounted therein, a piston mounted I upon said shaft, a chamber or chambers within said casing, means to supply a compressed expansive charge or charges to said chamber or chambers, a pivoted abutment rotatable with said piston, and means to posaid chamber without, appreciable lossof compression, said piston and easing being constructedto allow free internal; passage of a cooling current,

52. A rotary explosion engine comprising j 'sition said abutment as the leading wall of.

pressing a charge directly into the firing a casing, a single. shaft mounted for rotation therein and a charging piston mounted upon and rotating with said shattwlthin said easing, said piston having approximately one halt its pt-iripln'ry eoin-entrurally disposedand of greatest radius with respect to said shaft, and the remainder being eccentric to said shaft, so that substantially one half revolution is employed for suction ant one half for compression.

rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a single shaft mounted for rotation therein, a charging piston and av working piston mounted upon and rotating with said shatt and in fluid eon'nnunication. the periphery of said charging piston being concentri ally and errentrit'ally disposed with respect to said shal't, :-aid concentric ortion having the glEttlt" radius.

5.3. An explosion engine eon'iprising a casing, a single shaft mounted for rotation tl erein, a working piston and a charging piston mounted upon said shaftand rotating together and in fluid communication, the periphery of said charging piston being concenlricallv and eecentrically disposed with respect to said shaft. said eoneentri portion bein; adapted by its rotation to close and open casing ports.

56. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a single shaft mounted for rotation therein, a charging piston mounted upon and rotating with said shaft within said casin f. said piston having aplnoxiinaitely one half its periphery eoneentrically disposed with respect to said shaft, and the remainder being eee ntriealtv disposed, said concentric portion by its rotation closing and opening the casing ports.

57. A rotary explosion engine con'iprising a casing, a shaft; mounted to rotate therein, a charging piston and a working piston mounted upon said shaft, gates in contact with said charging piston, the periphery of said charging piston having long and short concentric radii whose connecting inclines are suflieiently gradual to allow constant contact of the gate ends and also rotation in either direction and the periphery of the working piston having a substantially radial shoulder.

A rotary engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted therein, a Working piston mounted uponsaidfihaft, one or more movable abutments rotating with said piston, a spring or springs positioned within said casing and adapted to operate upon said abutment or ahutments, and means to circulate a cooling fluid in etteetire cooling relation with said springs. i

a casing. a shaft mounted therein, a Working piston and compression means rotating with said piston and mounted upon said shaft, cooperating compression means independent of said shaft, a compression chamber being formed in said casing, said Working piston having an impact receiving abutment or ah-utments, and means to position said abutment or ahutments as the leading wall or walls of said compression chamber Without a ppreeiahle loss of compression therein.

(30. A rotary explosion engine comprising a casing, a shaft mounted therein, a working said piston but directly carried by said shaft, a compression chamber being formed in said casing, said working piston having an impact receiving abutment or abutments, and means to position said abutment or ahutments as the leading wall or Walls of said compression chamber without appreeiahle loss of compression therein.

(31. In a rotary explosive engine. eylin ders, a compression piston and an actuating arranged in the respective cylinders, the con'ipression piston having an eccentricallyarranged peripheral compression pocket, and the actuating piston having an expansion pocket of like construction and arrangement. a tiring chamber in communication with the eyli tier of the actuating piston, and means to control the passage of each charge from the compression pocket to the expansion pocket through the firing chamber. I

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDXV. K. STANDISH. \Vi t'nesses:

Josnrn F. \VARRRN, Tnvixo U. Townsnxn.

51-). rotary explosion engine comprising piston and compression means rotating Withv piston connected to revolve as a unit and

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