US1033580A - Evaporator. - Google Patents

Description

W. G. HALL & W. SEARBY.

BVAPORATOR.

APPLIUATION FILED NOV. 23, 1011.

1,033,580. Patented July23, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEETL Q W/T/VESSES: g k; //v 00s I! r H. J 405% a 3% Wou wem ATTORNEYS W. G. HALL & w. SEARBY.

EVAPORATOR. AYPLIOATION FILED NOV. 23, 1911.

Patented July 23, 1912.

4 SHEETSSHBET 2.

WITNESSES.- M J m ATTORNEYS 1 W. G. HALL & W. SEARBY.- EVAPORATOR. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 23, 1911.

Patented July 23, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES:

I Ash am a l ezu 07/ I'm M ,0. 45 Wa la/7?, Jeaiby ATTORNEYS W. G. HALL & W. SEARBY.

Patented July 23, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

WITNESSES:

ATTORNEYS em; "E srarns PATENT orrica.

wrLLr'm caavm HALL, ornoNoLuLU, AND w LLrm snAnBY', or PU'UNENE,

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Specification of Letters Patent. 1

' Application filed November 23, 1911. Serial No. scaoea ritory of Hawaii, have invented a new and I Improved Evaporator.

ance with the present inventlon;

Among the prmcipal objects which the present invention has .in viewarez to provide an evaporator the construction whereof accelerates the circulation of the liquids during the boiling thereof; to provide means for removing the non-condensible gases; to provide a save-all for the liqiiids carried by the vapor prior to passage thereof. from the retort; to provide a battery ofv retorts wherein the vapors surrenderedby one unit are utilized for the boiling of the liquor in the next succeeding unit; to provide in retorts of the character mentioned an automatic system for feeding the retorts, the liquor being entered at the bottom of each retort and beneath the liquor therein contained; and to provide in a battery of the character named a series of conduits for delivering the vapors given ofi in one retort as a heating medium for the liquors of the next succeeding retort, 'said conduits being progressively increased in the said battery, to accommodate the increasing volume of vapor due to decreasing pressure.

One embodiment of the present invention is disclosed in the structure illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which like characters of reference denote corresponding parts inall the views, and in which- Figure 1 is a vertical section of a portion of a battery of evaporators constructed and arranged in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 2 is a cross section, taken on the line 2-2 in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on the line 3-3 in-Fig. 2; Fig.1 4: is a detail" view, on an enlarged scale, of a retort constructed and arranged in accord- Fig. 5 is a cross section, on an enlarged scale, taken on the line 5-5 in Fig. 1 ;'Fig. 6 is a cross section on an enlarged scale, taken on the line 6-6 in Fig. 1; Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic I showing the lay-out of retorts con-- structed and arranged in accordance with the present invention, to form an evaporating battery; and Fig. 8 is a detail view on an enlarged scale, a fra ent of the wall of the central tube of the calandria and steam and gas collecting rings.

' In'constructing the retorts herein shown Patented July 23, 1912. q

and in vertical section, of-

and described, and in combining the same,-

certain distinctive changes have been made from the standard: retorts to which it may be wise to here direct attention :-First, the bottom .of the retort is provided with aconical or upraised central portion or section,

the sides whereof are curved substantially to the line of the path of the circulating liquors, which shape is provided to assist in the guidance of the said liquors when, circulating; second, which, inthe calandria, heats the liquors'to cause the circulation above referred'to, is distributed in such mannerthat the temperature of the heating surface of each calandria is gradually reduced from the circumference to the center thereof; third, the

circulating currents in the liquors are established and-controlled to form a centrallydisposed downward moving column within the heating medium the influence of escape-outlets for the steam or vapors generated by contact with the surface of the central pipe; fourth, the vapors of one retort are utilized to heat the liquors in the next retort, while the circulation is promoted in each retort, by introducing at the bottom thereof, 'with in and to the relatively cooled liquors therein, the heated juices of the preceding retort; and, fifth, the dome of each retort is provided-with a saveall for precipitating the heavier portions of the vapor prior to the passage thereof from the retort;

As seen in the accompa each of the retorts is provided with a cal- The calandria is provided with circular vertical walls 15 and 16. The wall 15 is a tube downward through which the liquors travel; The walls 15 and 16 are connected top and bottom with the tube plates 17: The plates 17 are connected by the tubes 18 u Ward through which the liquors are guide circulating,

Fig. 1 of the drawings. The wall 16 sepato move when as indicated by the arrows in ying drawings,

1b from the space 19 to within the walls 15 and dates the gradual lessening of the pressure .20

' The heating medium abovereferred to,

the retort, and at the outer circumference thereof. Thepipes 31 are fed from the pipe proper, from the annular space 19 formed by the channeled ring 20. Connected with the space 19, in the first member of the series of retorts and at the opposite sides thereof, are the steam inlet ducts 21. In the succeeding retorts the spaces 19 are fed by the transfer duets with the heated vapors delivered to each from a preceding retort. i

The steam and vapors are transferred 16, and between the two plates 17, 17 in the same manner, that is, through slots 22 formed in the wall 16. The slots 22 are gradually increased in width in each succeeding retort. The increasein width resulting in the'lessening of resistance to the passage of the heating medium accommoon the vapors and the gradual increment of the quantity of vapor passing. That is, as the heating medium is carried from the ducts 21 it is lessened'in heat, and the ebullition is increased by the increased vacuum, the quantity of the medium is proportionately increased.

be it steam or vapor, is hotter than the liquors contained in each of the retorts into which the said medium is introduced, which liquors circulating through the tubes .18 gradually condense said steam or vapor. As the heating medium is condensed it is precipitated to the lower tube plate 17 and is carried thence by the collecting pipes 23 to the waste pipe 24, by which itis conveyedto the succeeding retort, and finally to the sewer from the last retort. I The'pipes 25 and 26 are in open communication with the calandria, being extended within the tube carrying chamber thereof, and opening adjacent to the upper and lower tube plates 17 thereof. Any gaseous formation within the chamber of the calandria would, in this manner, be transferred by either of the pipes 25, 26 to the vertical pipe 28. The valves. 29 are provided that the outlet of each of the pipes 25, 26 may be manually and at will controlled. The pipe- 27 is extended through the side wall of the vapor chamber 30 of the retort above the liquid line thereof. When the valve 29 is opened "it'will be evident that any accumulation of gases in the calandria may be transferred to ,the retort and eventually'carried to the condenser; The liquors are introduced through the distributing inlet pipes 31 at the bottom of 32, a valve wherein is controlled by a float- 33 mounted in the cylinder 34. The cyl1nder 34 is irf'open communication with the liquid containing portion of the retort by means of thepipe 35. The float'33 1s d1s-- posedsubstantially as shown in- Fig. 1 of 37 with the lever 36. The cylinder 34 is provided with the pipe 38 and gage 39. This feed control is of usual construction.

It will be understood that the liquors are delivered from retort to retort successively, thereby incurring not only a continuous operation, but the effect, which in the present' process is considered essential, of introducing hot liquors into liquors much cooler and under substantially less pressure. This method of handling the materials promotes the circulation 'of the said li uors. 1

To reinforce the wall 15 it is provided with a series of rings 40. The rings 40 are arranged to form channels or spaces 41 having provided therein at intervals the tdbular openings 42, with which are connected a series of short pipes 43. The pipes 43 pass the steam or gases trapped under the rings 40 to the space 41 under an upper ring 40, the steam and gases being thus .freely passed upward through the body of the downwardly descending liquor without interfering with or obstructing the downward flow of the liquor which is the primal object of this structural feature. From the topmost ring 40, and from the space 41 beneath the same, are extended the longer escapem ent pipes 44, which pipes extend beyond the high level of the llquors contained 1n the retort;

In constructing the retort it is preferred that the bottom 45 shall be separately manufactured. At the center of each bottom 45 is raised a cone 46, the apex whereof is extended well into the tube formed by the wall .15. The cone thus introduced within the tube spreads the descending column of liquors and delivers the same outwardly from the center of the retort under the calandria and the tubes 18 provided therein When brought within the influence of the tubes 18 where the heat is being applied by ,the steam or vapors, admitteth from the space 19, the-liquors are heated to the'great est degree at the outer portion of the calendria and are thereby caused to rise throu 'h the tubes 18 atthe outer .portion of 't e calandria'at a higher rate of speed than near the center of the calandria. It is dis" covered by us that the cone 46 thus placed promotes the circulation of the liquor necessary to the proper evaporation. It is also found that the formation .ofthe 6013646 on the bottom .45 materially strengthens the said bottom.

As the vapors are given off they pass up- I ward through livered to the shallow ner shown in Flg. 6 of the drawings.

compared with the boiling and evaporation set up in the first unit of the series. In both arrangements, however, the characteristic prevails that the plates are arranged to form passages therefrom.

The passages 49 open do wnwardly upon an inclined wall 52 which slopes as seen in Fig. 1 ofthe drawings, and which forms the central passage above referred to. The walla-'52 is'connected with'a flat flange 53 which forms thebottom of the annular channel at the outer edge of the dome 47. Through the bottom of the channel referred to are extended a series of short delivery pipes 54. It is through the pipes 54 that the liquor precipitated in the passages 49 is degutters 55. The gutters 55 are suspended by means ofya pendent plate 56. Leading from each of the gutters and arranged to drain the same is a series of down pipes 57. The lowerend of each down pipe is extended 'within the tube formed by the wall 15 and below the surface level of the juices contained in the retort. It will thus be seen that within each unit or retort the liquor is delivered at the bot-tom and belowthe liquor of a lower pressure already contained in the said retort; that the liquor is guided therein by the cone 46 with which the bottom of the retort is provided; that during this circulation steam or foreign gases are removed from the liquor by mechanical means; and that prior to the exodus of the vapors the same are carried between precipitating plates to eliminate any] suspended liquids contained. It is after the vapor has been thus denuded that it is carried by means of the ducts 51 forward for delivery to the space 19 of the next succeeding retort. In each of the succeeding'retorts the vapor performs the same function and in the same manner as above described with reference to the steam which is introduced only into the initial or first unit of the battery of retorts. As in the steam, so in the vapor, the condensed products are carried off by the waste pipes 24 to any suit- 7 able form of recovery. It is evident that the vapor recently released from the liquid which has been cooled in the succeeding retort, willoperate as a heating medium for the chamber 30 and enter the dome 47 thereof. In the dome 47 of. each retort are disposed the baffling plates 48. The plates 48 are arranged in the first unit; of a battery of retorts, as shown in Fig. 5 of i the drawings, and the last unit in the m iam he variation in the arrangement of the plates 48 is merely that which providesfor a larger. precipitating area in the final retort, wherein due to the greater vacuum, the boiling; or evaporation is somewhat increased as f 49 which lead from the center passage 50 of the dome to.the vapor exitsv the liquor in the said succeeding retort, thus increasing, by raising the temperature thereof within the calandria, the circulation and ebullition of the liquor in the said succeeding retort. From the final retort and the dome 47 thereof the vapors are carried by the duct 58 to the condenser.

\Vhen the battery consists of several units as shown in Fig. 7 of the drawings, it is found expedient to aid the evaporation by forming within the-last of the series of retorts a partial vacuum. 'It is to collapse or buckling of the top of the dome 47 and the bottom 45 that wehave provided the reinforcing structural tube 59. The tube 59 as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, is seated on the apex of the cone 46, and secured to the under side of the top of the dome 47. Any tendency to, collapse in line with the vertical axis of the. retort is thus counter-acted. As the volume of the vapor in each of the successive units of the battery is increased the ducts 51, delivering the vaporstherefrom to the next succeeding retort, are increased in size. Also, in the final unit of the battery of retorts the dome is increased to provide added capacity for vapors flowing into the condenser.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In an evaporator, a calandria having a plurality of open-ended circulation passages vertically disposed within the body of the liquor being treated; an annular distributing chamber surrounding said calandria v 0 n I k adapted for receiving a heatmg medlum;

and a partition disposed in said calandria between the said passages and distributing chamber, said partition being provided with .a series of slots the size whereof is progressively increased in each succeeding retort.

2. In an evaporator, a calandria ring-like in form to provide an enlarged centrally disposed circulating tube, and having a plurality ofopen-ended small circulation tubes;

prevent the I means for introducing a heating medium within said calandria; and a series of in- .verted gas traps disposed within the body of the liquors in said central tube, said traps having outlet tubes extending above the surface level of the liquor.

3. In an evaporator, a calandria ring-1ike in form to provide an enlarged cent-rally disposed circulating tube, and having a plurality of open-ended small circulation tubes; means for introducing a heating medium within said calandria; and a series of angular flanges secured to the side wall of said calandria within said centrally disposed tube to form inverted, channels; and outlet pipes opening from said channels extended above the liquor.

4. In an evaporator,

. a calandria having an enlarged centrally disposed open-ended tended above and opening above the liquor within the evaporator.

5. In an evaporator, in combination with v a calandria having an enlarged centrally discentral tube, of'a retort for holdin tube and substantially posed circulating tube and a plurality of minor circulating tubes surrounding said central tube, of a retort for holding liquors having a bottom provided with a raised portion disposed in line with said enlarged tube.

6; In an evaporator,'in combination with a calandria having an enlarged centrally disposed circulating tube and a plurality of minor circulating tubes surrounding said liquor having a bottom the central portion whereof is upraiseclto distribute the liquor in the evaporator outward from the center of said in line with the circulating currents. A

' In an evaporator, a retort having a bottom provided with an annular depression removed from the center of said bottom.

8. In an evaporator, a retort having a centrally disposed upwardly extended conical section for inducing radial circulating currents adjacent the bottom.

9. In an evaporator, a retort having a dome providedwith an outlet for the eliminated vapors and a series of passagesfor said vapors; and means for discharging the accumulated liquor from said passages to Within the body of the liquor in said retort. 10. In an evaporator, a retort having a dome provided with an outlet for the elimi-' nated vapors and a series of passages for liquor in said retort. 11. In an evaporator, a calandrla having a vertically disposed central tube and a plurality of circulation passages through said calandria disposed a jacent the outer periphery thereof; means forzheating the walls of said circulating passages in excess of the heat imparted to thewall of said central tube; and means for arresting and transferring gaseous bodies formed on the outer surface of said tube beyond the body of liquor to prevent the'rise of said bodies through the liquor.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM GARVIE HALL. WILLIAM SEARBY. Witnesses as to William Garvie Hall:

FRANK J. KRUGER, J. SOUZA HENRIQUES. Witnesses asto William Searby:

JOHN MACLARON, C. A. BEALL.

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