US1032405A - Drainage system. - Google Patents

Description

J. R. HARRISON.

DRAINAGE SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 27, 1912.

Patented July 16, 1912.

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APPLICATION FILED AP]; 27, 1912.

1,032,405. Patented July 16, 1912.

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JAMES R. HARRISON, 0F PEORIA, ILLINOIS.

DRAINAGE SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 16, 1912.

Application filed April 27, 1912. Serial No. 693,696.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, J AMES R. HARRISON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Peoria, in the county of Peoria and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Drainage Systems, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in drainage systems.

More particularly, my invention relates to a system adapted to drain to a pervious stratum beneath the surface of the ground that will facilitate ready absorption of all normal flow to it.

The object of my invention is to provide means for draining ponds or other normally wet and therefore non-productive ground that has no natural fall to an outlet or to provide an outlet for land lying adjacent bodies of water which approximate substan tially the normal level of such body of water, and generally in connection with drainage systems.

My invention consists in the arrangement of tile or equivalent conductor arranged within a vertical opening in the ground extending from its surface to an absorbent or percolating stratum, the association of lateral tile ducts therewith to discharge thereinto and to means for properly centering such lateral tile with relation to the opening into the vertical drain and to make a com plete closure in conjunction with the tile around and above the opening into the vertical drain, whereby the ordinary and commercial tile may be used without modification by the simple addition of filler blocks, which latter may be cemented in place or may be held in place by the ordinary filling thereabout of earth, or may be formed about and between the tile.

In the drawings, Figure l is a plan view of my system; Fig. 2 is "a vertical sectional view on the line wm, of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a rear view of a filler block; Fig. 4 is a plan view of a filler block; Fig. 5 is a view of the filler block from the opposite end from that shown in Fig. 8, and Fig. 6 is a view of the filler block viewed from the direction of the pointing of the arrow in relation to Fig. 4.

The common system of land drainage of course is well known to constitute merely a lead of tile commonly disposed in a low swale and leading to an open discharge into a creek, ditch or the like.

My invention is directed to a use not possible to accomplish in ordinary drainage, for lnstance the draining of ponds which have no outlet, also to drainage where the level of the ground is approximately that of an adacent body of water, so that there is not suflicient fall to render drainage effective. In such emergency, by providing the vertical drain leading to a sub strata at considerable depth, sul'licient fall may be obtained. This system may be employed even in association with ordinary tile drainage where there is sufficient fall but where there is ditliculty in getting a proper outlet, for instance where a natural tile lead passes to an adjacent farm and there is no provision for continuing the lead. In such emergency, the vertical drain may be disposed at the end of the lead and will take care of water flowing thereto by conducting it to a pervious and percolating substratum.

My invention may be used in many associations impractical and unnecessary to particularly specify.

In the drawings, 1 indicates a vertical drain, which may be formed of a plurality of ordinary tiles of any size designed.

In carrying out the system, in practice I plan to excavate to a depth of about four feet and of a suitable diameter, then in the center of the excavation, to bore down to any necessary depth to reach a pervious or percolating stratum. Such stratum will be reached ordinarily at a depth of about fifteen to eighteen feet. Vertical drains comprising tile or the like, are designed to be placed in this vertical opening. Then it is my plan to provide lateral drains as 2 closed at their outer ends, as at 5 leading to the opening into the vertical drain so that the ends of the lateral lead drains will bear over the edge of the vertical drain. The terminal tile may be brought into contact rela tion, if desired, or they may extend just slightly over the edge of the wall of the vertical drain. I have shown four lateral leads in the drawings; however, any desired number may be employed, as for instance, two, three, or more. To properly center the tile I have provided the centering or filler blocks 3 which in the employment of four lateral leads have a right angular triangular gen eral form, but in case three lateral leads should be employed, then the form would be that of an obtuse angle, and the form of the filler block would vary in accordance with the number of lateral leads employed. The

form of the centering or filler blocks is immaterial.

The sides of the filler block leading to the apex are in form semicircular to conform to the shape of the tile so that when they are inserted they will meet the walls of the tile and the top edges of the block will match and lie-in bearing relation forming a complete cover at the top when all the filler blocks are placed in position, as shown in Fig. 1. The lower edges of the filler block at their apex are cut away as at 4 so as to form, when the blocks are joined, an opening leading into the tile, the lower edges of the blocks, however, extending over the edges of the vertical drain, making a complete closure with relation to the lower portions of the drain tile and the vertical drain so that dirt cannot enter into the vertical drain. The filler blocks 3 may be eifectually cemented in position, if desired; however, they may be simply placed in the relation shown in Fig. 1 and then the excavation may be filled in thereabout and properly tamped down, and in ordinary circumstances will hold the blocks in proper relation to center the tile and keep them in proper position, and also to exclude the entrance of dirt. Exactly the same plan is followed if a different number of lead drains is employed, the only difference being in the shape of the filler blocks.

In practice, it is my plan to cement the joints of the lateral lead tile so as to effectually guard against the entrance of dirt that might act to clog the vertical drains.

- I accomplish this by depositing a quantity of cement at the joints, then lay the ends of the tile in place therein and then cement about the remainder of the joint. A joint made in this manner will absolutely prevent the entrance of dirt and the clogging of the vertical drain. If under some conditions, the vertical drain should become clogged, excavation may be made suflicient to cause the filler blocks to be removed, then an auger may be inserted in the vertical drain to free it from obstruction.

Employing my drainage system, I can readily provide a perfectly eflicient outlet for any drainage system. It has special efficiency where there is no natural outlet. By employing the lateral leads, I am able to carry off such sudden accumulations as occur in cup shaped formations in the ground very rapidly.

A very substantial advantage in the employment of my system is that commercial tile may be utilized to carry out the drainage, simply by the addition of filler blocks.

One form of core box may be used to make any number of such filler blocks. Of course, when different numbers of leads are to be employed, it will require a filler block for each set.

lVhat I claim is:

1. In a'drainage system, in combination, a vertically disposed drain adapted to be placed in the ground extending to a depth suflicient to communicate with a percolating sub-stratum, lateral drains thereto closed at their outer ends and means for associating the terminals of the lateral drains with the vertical drain in a relation to discharge into the latter to hold the terminals of the lateral drains in position with relation. to the vertical drain and in spaced relation and to form a complete closure about the connected drains.

2. In a drainage system, in combination, a vertically disposed drain adapted to be placed in the ground extending to a depth sufficient to communicate with a percolat- 7 ing sub-stratum, lateral drains thereto extending over the edge of the upper terminal of the vertical drain, means for associating the terminals of the lateral drains with the vertical drain in a relation to discharge into the latter, and the same means for spacing the laterals apart and forming a complete closure about the connected lateral and vertical drains.

3. In a drainage system, in combination,

a vertically disposed drain adapted to be placed in the ground and extending to a depth sufficient to communicate with a per colating sub-stratum, lateral drains thereto, spacing blocks shaped to conform to the terminals of the lateral drains adapted to be inserted therebetween and to form a complete closure about the connection of the lateral and vertical drains.

4. In a drainage system, in combination, a vertically disposed drain adapted to be placed in the ground and extending to a depth sufficient to communicate with a percolating sub-stratum, lateral drains thereto, spacing blocks shaped to conform with the contour of the lateral drains and conjointly completely encircling the same except the lower edge adjacent the vertical drain, to

form a complete closure about the connected JAMES R. HARRISON.

Witnesses:

MARY E. CoMEGYs, W. V. TEFFT.

M copies 0 this P t nt may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Iatents,

7 Washington, D. c, c

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