US1032284A - Method of erecting large halls and the like. - Google Patents

Description

H. HOLLAND. METHOD OF BRBOTING LARGE HALLS AND THE LIKE.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 17, 1911. i

Patented July 9, 1912.

' H, HOLLAND 7 'METHOD OF EREGTING LARGE HALLS AND THE LIKE. g 11111110111101: FILED MAR.17,1911.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented Jul Q, 1912.

vH. HOLLAND. METHOD OF ERBG'IIING LARGE HALLS AND THE LIKE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 17, 1911. 2,24 Patented July 9, 1912.

6 SHEETSSHBET 3.

H. HOLLAND.

METHOD OF EREOTING LARGE HALLS AND THE LIKE.

APPLICATION FILED M21317, 1911.

Patented July 9, 1912.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Q I h2g2??? ZZwwZ' I M40 Q/Emrhey v H. HOLLAND. METHOD 01f ERBGTING LARGE HALLS AND THE LIKE;

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 17, 191 1.

LWQEM; merited July 9, 1912..

- s SHEETS-SHEET 5.

76-5 a 4 A; 3 4 56? z, I z

H. HOLLAND. METHOD OF EREGTING LARGPHALLS AND THE LIKE.

- API LIOATION FILED MAR.17, 1911.

e SHEETS-SHEET 6v a Patented July 1912."

' insaeeiz ranstar t1;

HEINRICH HOLLAND, or

ormnnorrnivrune, GERMANY, AssIeNoR To or cnaarorrnnrnae, GERMANY,

ne w

CARI; FRANK,

METHOD or nnncrme LARGE'HALLS AND THE LIKE. 7

'To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HEINRICH HOLLAND,

a citizen of the German Empire, residing at Charlottenburg, in'the Kingdom of Prussia,

'Gre'rm a'n Empire, have invented new and useful Improvements in Methods of ErectingLarge- Halls and-the Like, of which the same.

following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in constructing large halls and the method of mounting and dismounting the parts of the It is particularly adapted for use in the construction of large halls such 'as' excusedfor keeping air ships and other air machines. And the object of the-improvements s to provide a-constr'uction and a method of erecting the same which permits to mount or dismount the construction without using a scaffold.

Vt'ith this and other objects in view invention consists in the matters to be de-.-

scribed hereinafter and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

For the purpose of explaining the inveniion an example embodying the same has been shown in the accompanying drawings,

' truss, Fig. 2, is a side view of the truss show- .ing the method of erecting the same, Fig. 2,

is a perspective view on an enlarged scale of one of the angle plates on which the partly 'mounted trusses are supported when being tilted, Fig. 3, is a plan of Fig. 2, Fig. 4, is a plan on a reduced scale of a larger part of the hall showing the bearing plates for the bottom joints and the tilting lines which are of importance inmounting the -tructure, which. lines have been indicated in the right and left hand halves of the truss by the characters l1, 2-2, etc., to 'I-'7, Fig. 5, is a diagrammatical view of a pair of simultaneously erected binders and Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented ma a, iaie.

Application filed March 17, 1911. Serial No. 6 15,129.-

their longitudinal connection, Fig. 6, is a diagrammatical view illustratihg the manner of constructing the longitudinal connection between two adjacent complete sections of the hall and" of applying the roof coverbetween the sections of the hall, Fig. 7 is a front view on an enlarged scale of the lower part of the trussas itappears while the partlycompleted truss is being tilted upward, Fig. 8, is a side; view of the longitudinal connection between two trusses forming a pair of cooperating trusses an of the longitudinal connection between two adjacent sections of. the hall, and Fig. 9, is a plan of Fig. 8. I

In the example shown in the drawings a hall is illustrated in which the trusses consist of two arched halves which are jointed at their tops. The trusses are arranged at a distance of about 5 meters, and the first and second ones, the third and fourth ones, the fifth and sixth ones, etc are combined into cooperating pairs of trusseswhich pairs are provided apart from their longitudinal connections with diagonal braces, while the second and third, the fourth and fifth, the-sixth and seventh trusses are respectively connected only by longitudinal braces Which permit,

'a certain longitudinal displacement of. the trusses relatively to each. other asis required by reason of changes in the temperature. lnorder to distribute-the pressure of the wind which acts on" the'front faces of the hall on a larger number'of the trusses, the pairs of trusses which are near the front faces are preferably braced with each other.

In the preferred form of the invention .the trusses consist of anumber of complete sect-ions of substantially the same length. Several trusses, for example six or. three pairs thereof, are constructed at the same time, and the manner of construction is such, that thesections of each trusswhich are jointed at the top are at first connected with each other.' The longitudinalahddiagonal connections of the pairs of, trusses, and the longitudinal connections between consecutive pairs of trusses are constructed, whereupon the outer faces are covered with canvas or the like. Now the roof which is thus constructed is tilted upward Oil-0116 of its ends, for-example on the ends of the right hand side, so that at the opposite side, that is at the left handside, the following section can in each truss be placedbeneath the t2 v i 1,032,284

elevated roof section and secured thereto; Thereupon the said sections which have been secured to the roof "section are braced, the

covering is applied thereto, and thebody which has thus been produced is tilted about its left hand ends, so that the next section can be secured thereto. In the same way the construction is continued, until the whole section of the hall which is formed by the way the adjacent section of thehall is erectk" saidsi-X trusses. is completed. In the same A ed Finally the completehall sections are braced by longitudinal clonriectionsfand the spaces between adjacent sections of the hall are covered with canvas onthelike. Referring now more particularly to the example illustrated in the drawings, a complete truss consists of two symmetrical arched halves a and b 'provided with foot jointsc and d and wilth a top joint-e. Each half of the truss is constructed of sections a (1 1? a and 6 ,6 79 (6 which have substantially the samelengt-h. Near their lower ends the sections a and b are. connected by a tension element F. To

the lower end of the lower'gir'ders of the at their'middle. After completing the construction of the truss or the section of the hall, the said sections of the tension element 7, are disconnected,and the sections of'the tension element are placed on a path way i provided below the top of the whole hall, as

is indicated in dottedlines'. Thebearings a for the bottom joints are preferably supported on a grating constructed of ties or the like j 1 Before the construction of the hall is begun the ground is carefullyv planned, and the bottom plates or bearings z for the bottom joints are exactly adjusted as to their aline ment and height, asis shown in Fig. at.

Now the sections of the hall are successively erected. The breadth of the sections of the hall, or the number of the adjacent trusses forming such a section, and which are simultaneously erected depends on'various conditions, and particularlyon the number of workmen engaged in the construction of the hall, and the machinery which is available in the construction, particularly the hoisting machines. v

In the position of the parts illustrated in Fig. 4, the sect-ion which consists of the seventh to twelfth trusses is about to beerected. For this purpose, within the planes of the said'trusses the sections a and b of each truss are mounted, and in each truss the eyes g ,.and k are connected by the tension element P. In the present examplethe seventh andthe eighth, the ninth and the tenth,. and the eleventh and the twelfth trusses respectively provide a pair diagonal braces are mounted in each pair of of braced trusses. ,Now'the-longitudina-l and I trusses, and the longitudinal braces between adjacent pairs ofltrusses and the: elements which are afterward used for connecting adjacent sections of the hall are secured in place. Thereupon the body which is thus produced iscovered with a roofing material, such fofexample ascanvas. Thereafter the body is tiltedupward about its right hand. ends, at the left of the body the truss sections 0: are mounted and secured in position,

and finally theportion of the hall-section which has .thus been enlarged is covered with canvas. Thereupon the body is tilted about its left hand end, and the truss sections 12 are secured to the right hand end of the trusses, etc; i

The hall sections or the'truss es are gradually completed are tilted about tilting lines which are different in each tilting'operation. For various reasons it is import-ant,

that in each tilting operation the tilting axes of all the trusses which are combined into a hall section, and which aresimul; t'aneously tilted upward'aredisposed within the same straight, horizontal-line whichis parallel tothe longitudinal axis of the hall, and that the tilting lines about which the succcssivetilting operations are performed have exactly the prescribed position. If,

for example, the point of support of, a partly completed truss is disposed nearer the median line of the hall, or higher than the points of support of the other-trusses,

the strain exerted on the saidtruss and the adjacent longitudinal braces'caused by tilting the partly completed truss would be considerably -increased. Furthermore, if the 'tilting'r'lines are not exactly maintained over the whole length of the hall, thehall sec- -ticn would easily be turned or laterally displaced, when gradually tilting the same upward. The errors made in each section are under circumstances sun1n1arized,- so that the complete hall has no continuous longitudinal axis, and the hall sections are not in alinelnent with one another. To make the tilting operation more easy, and to fix and maintain the tilting line with accuracy the inner ends of the partly completed trusses are supported on angular plates is of cast steel or the like which are provided with lateral trunnicns 7: and k and a notch 75 through which the eyes 72 or 71. or g or 9 can be inserted, is shown in Figs. 2 and 2. Each of the said angle plates 70 is supported with lOQ tits trunnions 7x1 and 12 within a-.suitable' bearing Z.-TOQSBQUT8 the exact and uniform height and the exact horizontal position of all the tilting lines about which in the sucwhic trusses'on a broad surface, each bearing Z1 cessivetilting'operations each truss is'tilted,

to enable the truss sections-which are being securedin place to be easily and speedily broil ht inplace, and to transmit the load comes into action when tilting the is -mounted on alowtruck m, and below certain distance beyond the plan of the 'c0n' struction and at .both sides thereof,-sothat the truss sections can be loaded on the said trucks m outside the plan of'the construction, and two adjacent truss sections can be connected to a palr of truss sections on two adjacent trucks and can simultaneously be of the rails ties may he disposed below the trusses .in construction, the surfaces of which, are disposed within the same plane- In this case the tilting bearings are. directly arranged on the said ties. Furthermore the ti ting line about which the trusses of a hall section are tilted must be inalinement with one another which line must be the correct line. of construction.- -These Etilting lines) about which the partly completed trusses are successively tilted with their sections 6 6 a 6 etc, have been shownin Fig. 4:,-

andin part also in Figs. 2' and 3,, and the said lines have been indicated, on the right and left h andsides of the construct-ion, with fore beginningithe construction of the hall,

the said lines are fixed by sighting points, as hasbeen indicated in Fig. 2. Thereupon I the bearings 'Z can easily and speedily be sighted, from the said points, so much the more, as the trucks m can easily and speedily be displaced.

In Figs. 2 and 3 an end view and a plan of a hall sectlon are shown 1n the course of construction. In'these figures thetruss sections a a a of'the left hand truss section and the truss sections'b 6 Z) of the right hand truss section are shown as being connected w1th each other, and in each truss, apart from. the tension element f which re mains in position to the end of the erection of the hall section, the tension element f has held between two consecutive trusses. The strip 0) fora field of theleft side of the 'b e'en secured 'to -the eyes 9 and 725'.. The longitudinal and diagonal braces between the trusses forming ape-1r, and the longitudinal-braces between consecutive pairs of trusses have been .mounted, as far as the trusses or pairs of trusses have been built, .and the connecting element's"which prepare .the longitudinal connection between con- "secutlvehall' sections have likewlse been secured in'place. l he roof covering has been, applied to the-hall section which has .so far" been erectedl Y Preferably the roof covering consists ofcanvas, a separate strip being provided on each side .of' the hall for each llillljjiS suspended-from the right of the top of the hall along the line 01 and the strip w for the right hand side of the hall is suspended from the .left of the top along the line w The canvas is brought on the hall in the form of rolls, which are gradually unwound anclse'cured to the binders and the longitudinal braces as the construction of the truss proceeds. The hallsection which has sofar been completed-must now be tilted about the right hand bearing points. this purpose the last truss sections Z) ofthe right hand truss halves are each supported on one of the previously described angle plates is providedwith lateral trunnions. All the trunnions of the angle plates are exactly adjusted within the line of the right hand half of the hall.

The left hand side of the which has so far been constructed is now uniformly elevated into the position shown in Fig. 2. For consecutively lifting the sides of the, hall .se ctions hoisting frames 0 I are dlsposed on either side of the hall sec- 105,

tions, which frames preferably extend over two tracks, and more particularly over those tracks which belong to a pair of trusses. To the ends of the trusses which must be lifted,

and more particularly tothe outer section. 1

of each truss, and in the-presentcase to the outer end of the truss sectlonsa an angle .piece p is securedwhich is embraced by. the forked end ,of a block carrying a pulley Q. About the rollers 9 which belong to a pair 115 of trusses a chain g is laid. The, freeends of the said chain are suspended from the lower pulley blocks of two' differential tackles 7'" which are attached above the trussesto. a hoisting frame 0 extending over 120 the pair o-f'trusses. By thus suspending the trusses the load of the latter is uniformly distributed to bothltackles, even if one of the tackles is operated a little in advance of the other one. Aslthe trusses in each pair 1 arebraced against each other, t-heuniforin distribution of the ,load is of importance,

because otherwise the strain on the construction '01; the load of one of the tackles would be unduly increased. Notwithstanding the For I hall section arrangement described, it will still be advisable to operate the, six tackles as uniformly as possible, though small inaccuraciesare unavoidable. However, between the two trusses'ofa pair the said inaccuracies will be balanced by the arrangement of the pulleys g and the chain 9 0n the other hand, slight inaccuraciesinthe operation of lifting the different pairs'of trusses are, not injurious, because the connection between the pairs of trusses allows of a slight displacement.

While the left hand side of the hall sec- I tion is lifted, the truss sections a liave been placedon the trucks m located at the left 7 hand side of the construction. Furthermore for each pair of trusses two. parts a have been connected with each other, and

' the trucks have been so advanced, that the tilting axes are exactly in the line 47 at the left handhall section. In-this position the trucks are braked: If necessary, the/trucks can be further secured in place by means of suitable claws which emb'raoethe heads of adjacent hall sectio the rails. After the left side of the hall section has been lifted into the position shownin Fig. 2,'the". truss sections a or the connected sections at of the pairs of trusses, are tilted into the position shown in dotted lines in which they have the correct position for. being secured-to the trusses by means of screws, wedges, and the'like, and the longitudinal connections are secured to the adjacent pairs of trusses. Furthermore to both ends of the hall section brackets are secured to WhlCll afterward. the longitudinal connections with theadjacent hall sections are secured. The intermediate connections 8 forv connecting the trusses of a pair of trusses, and

sections to be erected, asis clearly shown in Fig. 6. After completing the "ha-ll'this small space is filled up by short pieces a which are-secured to the said brackets by means of plates y. Newthe covering material is unwound from" its roll, andtlie surface of the hall section is covered as far as possible. The pieces :0 by means of which adjacenthall sections are 'united may in advance be secured at one side to the braclc ets u by means of plates 3 so that they are gradually lifted together with the hall section. After the sections a and a have been connected with each other, the angle pieces p can be removed from the trusses a and secured to the lower ends of the structionof the hall section.

trusses f and the hoisting frame 0 at the left of the construction can be shifted toward the left, until the tackles r are again above the angle pieces p or the pulleys 9.

Now the bearings Z at the left of the hall are used as tilting bearings. But before the right hand side of the hallsections is lifted, the tension element is disconnect-- edfrom the eye 9 and the said tension element, which for the purpose of avoiding bending of thesame is preferably suspended from ropes, is lowered, until it is in line with the eyes 7& and 9*, whereupon to the left hand end of the said element a further piece is secured, so that the eyes if and "9 f can be connected by the said tension elenient. N ow the hall section can be lifted at its. right hand end. Immediately after lifting has begun the trucks at are free of,

the load of the construction, so that they -can be moved backward into theposition shown in Fig. 2 in dotted lines, inwhich the truss sections 7) can be mounted thereon. Before the hall section has been e-le-' rated into its end position, the trucks m with the trusses or truss sections or pairs of truss sections mounted thereon are againmoved to the left, where they are exactly adjusted in position, so that all the trunnions are exactly within theline 4-4.. The truss sections or sections of pairs of trusses b are now secured to the sect-ions b the lon-' gitudinal connections are made, the roofing is applied thereto, the tension element is disconnected from the eye b the. tension element is lowered, and, after being enlarged by a suitable extension, secured to the eye if, so that now the eyes 9 and 7b are connected with each other.

After two adjacent hall sections have been erected, the brackets u are connected to the other hall section by means of the plates y. If desired the said brackets have before been jointed with one of their ends to the outside of one of the hallsections. Now a covering of roofing material is brought on the space between consecutive hall sections beginningfrom the top of the said sections, which covering has the breadth of the distance between the said hall sections. The said covering is secured iii-place so that the intermediate space is covered. If, for the purpose of taking up the pressure of the wind on the end faces of the hall, the pairs of trusses are braced againsteach other by diagonal braces, the

latter are preferably elevated-with the con- But the said braces are but loosely held in place and are rigidly secured at the end of the construction, in order to avoid excessive strains caused by inaccuracies in the lifting operation of the diflerent trusses.

It will readily be understood, that the whole hall can be built in a comparatively been brought into the correct position, Now

s rt ime Withoutjany' scefiold ng, T last part of the ,wo rk,-,whichconsistsin sc-f curing the connections between thehalls icr tions and in covering the spaccs betivcenihe.

said sections, can be, done by one manwho, descends from the top of the hall-,;on the outer face thereof; This. part ot thejvork does not require the lifting of-partsflofnany considerable weight.

hen building alhall inj thelmanner described a number [of trusses ;is er,ected at. a time. \Vhen lifting one side of ,a hall section the truss sections-ttQ-besecured thereto are already complete and placed on the trucks andflcombined into of construction thesectionsarealways justcd anew, so that within the construction of the individual trusses and of the hall s e c 'tions errors of the construction archer summarized and, departures from, the desired form of the hallsections can not occur. Therefore it is not necessary to adjust the hall after the constructionis completed,

and the work :onnectedtherewith. and the increase in the strainon theconstruction e avoided. The hall is dismounted in the same way and with; the same machinery.

At first the narrow pieces of covering nia-f terial which cover the spaces intermediate the hall sections are wound up, and by dismount-mg the lntermed ate pieces a the whole hall is divided into hall sections.

Each hall section is dismounted by being slightly lifted at one side or tilted about the foot joints at the opposite side. Thereafter the lowermost truss sections are re moved and this side of the hall islowered.

in the tilting bearings after the same have the right hand side is' slightly lifted, the lowermost trusses at the right hand side are removed, and the right hand side is lowered on the tilting bearings after the same have been set in the correct position, etc;

I claim herein as my invention:

1. The herein described method of erect- 'ing trusses, which comprises the tilting of a truss section successively on dpposite ends,

- and successively securing a truss section un-' der each elevated end. I

2. The herein described method of mounting arched trusses, which comprises the elevation of a truss section at its ends succes- The tilting lines can easily being elevated-J iV lY..,and secnring under each; elevated end,

a truss section of substantially the same engthl Iheherem describ d met d f. er ng constructions comprising a plurality of arched trusses each composed of sections, which includes bracing a, plurality of cor responding section o .,.'adi tr sses. against each other, elevating the said braced sections at one end, and securing further-truss sectionsto each of the braced sections junderithe elevated ends t-hereoji. V

zl-lfllhe -1 ei in de ribed m h d. O erec ins constru ion mprising a p a i yv 9f arched t usses, ea h c mposed f .s st elle. which includes bracing plurality of cor; respond ng l. s c ons --.of, adjacent t us gainsteach other el ngth said bra ed; sections successivelyat opposite endsgand securing further braced truss sectionsunder each of the bracednsections at the elevatedends thereof,

Theherein described method A or erect; ing,..arche.d. trusses composed of sections, which, includes. ele a ing seoti ll ll. IW successively. at opposi e ends, nd. secu ing. a further. s c ion under th s d. being 1 1 vated, the outer ends of the seetionaltruss being, eonnectedby tension element while The hereiadescribed met-i a e erec't-. il lgv arched. trusses. "compos d Qf. .SQ i S; which, comprises elevating. section l, 153, successively ataopposl-te endsicsu cs i ely mounting. truss, sections on ti t ng. bearin s, 100. one section/for each, end, ,of ,the sectional truss which is being elevated, moving, the

same below the elevated endof the sectional truss, adjusting and fixing the said bearing as to height and horizontal position along a -s1ght1ng line, andsecur ng the truss section under the sectional truss.

:7. The herein described method of erect-- ing arched trusses composed of sections, which comprises elevating a sectional truss successively at opposite ends, successively mounting truss sections on tilting bearings disposed on springlesstrucks, one section for each end of the-sectional truss which is being elevated, moving thesame below the elevated end of the sectional truss, adjusting and fixing the saidbearing as to height and horizontal position along a sighting line, and securing the truss section under the sectionaljtruss.

8. The herein described method of erecting constructions comprising aplurality of arched trusses each composed of sections, which includes bracing a plurality'of corresponding sections of adjacent trusses against each other, elevating the said bracedsections at one end, mounting braced truss sections on trucks, moving said truss sections on their trucks below the elevated ends of said elevated sections of adjacent trusses, and sesectional trusses.

(be v 1,032,2ea

'- curing thereto the braced sections mounted V on the trucks.

9. The herein described method of erecting constructions comprising a plurality of arched trusses each composed of sections, which includes bracingja plurality of corre sponding sections of adjacent trusses against each other, elevating the said braced sections at one end by means of hoisting devices the frame work of which extends over all the braced truss sections, mounting other braced truss sections on trucks, movingsaid truss sections on their trucks below the elevated elevating the ends of said sectional trusses by means of said draft evening apparatus and hoisting device, and securing other truss sections under the elevated ends of the 11. The herein described methodof erect ing trussesv composed of sections, which includes securing eyes to'the'ends ofsaidsections, tilting a sectional. truss successively upon opposite ends, successively connecting the eyes provided" at the free ends of the secti'onaltruss to'be tilted by a tension element, and securing further sections under the ends being elevated.

12. The herein described method of erecting arched trusses composed of sections, which includes elevating a' sectional truss successively at opposite ends, successively connecting the ends of the sectional truss to be elevated by a tension element, securing a further section under the end being elevated, disconnecting said tension element from the side,of the sectional'truss which hasthus been extended, attaching an extension to said tension element, and securing the same to the outer end of the section which hasbeen secured to the sectional truss.

13. The herein described method of erecting halls built up of arched trusses consisting of sections which includes elevating sectional trusses successively at opposite ends,

securing truss sections successively to the ends of the sectional trusses being elevated,

and unwinding a roll of covering material from the .top of the sectional truss gradually over the sides in the course of the elevation of said sectional trusses.

la. The herein described method of dis mo-unting trusses built up of sections, which includes supporting the truss above the lowermost section at one side, removing the said lowermost section, and lowering the remaining sectional truss with its supported end.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

HEINRICH HOLLAND.

\Vitnesses HENRY HAsPnn, VVOLDEMAR Haurr.

Images